MGT 4460 Midterm
12. Regina's boss has told her that her project is very important. If the critical path is delayed, she will be given whatever she needs to get it back on schedule. Her project is classified as ________ constrained. A. Time B. Quality C. Cost D. Performance E. Resource
A
14. All resource leveling techniques involve A. Delaying noncritical activities. B. Delaying critical activities. C. Using negative slack. D. Delaying the project. E. Adding resources.
A
19. In a resource-constrained project, which of the following is most likely to be changed? A. The completion date B. The budget C. Project quality D. Resource levels E. Scope creep
A
2. If resources are not adequate to meet peak demands, the resulting reschedule is termed A. Resource-constrained scheduling. B. Time-constrained scheduling. C. Mandatory leveling. D. Project resource adjustment. E. Allocation.
A
21. In a resource-constrained project the second priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the A. Smallest duration. B. Least slack. C. Most slack. D. Lowest identification number. E. Highest cost.
A
23. Splitting an activity can result in all of the following EXCEPT A. More people working on the same activity. B. Possible startup and shutdown costs. C. A resource being moved from one activity to another and then back. D. Activity work being placed on hold for a period until more resources are available. E. A better project schedule.
A
26. When a company will reduce the number of projects they have to manage internally to only core projects and send noncritical projects to contractors and consulting firms this is called A. Outsourcing. B. Redistribution of projects. C. Project allocation. D. Task sharing. E. Referring.
A
7. Susan is to conduct environmental testing but the chamber cannot hold all the equipment that she wants to test. This is an example of a constraint that could impact the sequence and timing of activities in a project network. What type of constraint is it? A. Physical B. Technical C. Resource D. Scheduling E. Time
A
A professional organization for project management specialists is the A. PMI B. AMA C. MIS D. IPM E. PMBOK
A
After reviewing the project scope statement, the owner specifies that costs MUST stay within $400,000. This criterion is classified as A. Constrained. B. Enhanced. C. Accepted. D. Limited. E. Fixed.
A
An expected output over the life of a project would be classified as A. A deliverable. B. A product. C. An end object. D. An objective. E. A target.
A
Governance of all project management processes and procedures helps provide senior management with all of the following EXCEPT. A. A method to ensure project that are important to senior management are being implemented. B. An assessment of the risk their portfolio of projects represents C. An overview of all project management activities. D. A metric to measure the improvement activities. E. A big picture of how organizational resources are being used.
A
One of the primary jobs of a project manager is to manage the trade-offs associated with the project. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic classifications of project priorities? A. Profit B. Cost C. Time D. Performance E. All of these are basic classifications
A
Two dimensions within the project management process are A. Technical and sociocultural. B. Cost and time. C. Planned and unexpected D. Established and new. E. Unique and reoccurring.
A
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of a project life cycle? A. Identifying B. Defining C. Planning D. Executing E. Closing
A
Which of the following is NOT true regarding scope creep? A. It is when the cost of the project is more than expected B. It is the tendency for the project scope to expand over time C. It most likely caused by a scope statement that is too broad D. It can have both positive and negative impacts on a project E. It can lead to added costs and possible project delays
A
15. Technical constraints have been carefully considered when developing a project network. Which of the following is true at this point? A. Resources have been assigned to each activity so they are adequate to complete the project on time B. Technical dependencies between activities are known C. The project completion date can be established D. The project is ready to be implemented E. All of these are true statements once technical constraints have been established
B
16. Rachel is working on a project that technically allows three activities to be done at the same time. If they were to be implemented at the same time, she would need 5 contractors in order for the activities to be completed on time. There are only 3 available for her to use. This is an example of what type of constraint? A. Technical B. People C. Equipment D. Physical E. Materials
B
20. In a resource-constrained project, the first priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the A. Smallest duration. B. Least slack. C. Most slack. D. Lowest identification number. E. Highest cost.
B
22. Tony has realized that two activities in his project cannot be done at the same time because not enough resources are available. Activity 3 is critical and has a duration of 5 days. Activity 4 has 2 days of slack and a duration of 2 days. How will he decide which activity should be scheduled first? A. The activity with the smallest duration B. The activity with the least slack C. The activity with the most slack D. The activity with the lowest identification number E. The activity with the highest cost
B
25. These are all guidelines a project manager should consider when assigning project work EXCEPT A. Select people with compatible work habits and personalities. B. Always assign the best people to the most difficult tasks. C. When possible, team veterans up with new hires. D. Select individuals with skillsets that complement each other. E. Have people work together early so that they can become familiar with each other.
B
29. Why is it necessary to have a time-phased budget baseline? A. It allows proper resource allocation B. It shows how much work was accomplished for the money spent C. It reduces schedule slippage when scheduling multiproject resources D. It is not necessary to have a time-phased budget baseline E. It reduces fluctuations in cash flow during the project
B
30. Project budgets are developed by time-phasing which of the following? A. Resource schedules B. Work packages C. The network diagram D. Critical activities E. None of these are time-phased to develop a project budget
B
4. When developing a new software package, logically, the software must be designed before the code is written, and the code must be written before it is tested. These activities are dependent on each other by _________ constraints. A. Physical B. Technical C. Resource D. Schedule E. Time
B
A "Dissemination Mode" is A. How project schedules are version controlled. B. What defines how project communication is to occur. C. None of these choices. D. A description of what is important to project stakeholders.
B
A series of coordinated, related, multiple projects that continue over an extended time period and are intended to achieve a goal is known as a A. Strategy B. Program C. Campaign D. Crusade E. Venture
B
Corporate downsizing has increased the trend toward A. Reducing the number of projects a company initiates B. Outsourcing significant segments of project work. C. Using dedicated project teams D. Shorter project lead times. E. Longer project lead times.
B
In the ____________________ stage of the project life cycle, project objectives are established, teams are formed, and major responsibilities are assigned. A. Identifying B. Defining C. Planning D. Executing E. Closing
B
Projects should align with the organization's overall strategy in order to A. Complete the project safety. B. Reduce waste of scarce resources. C. Ensure customer satisfaction. D. Secure funding E. None of these are reasons why project should align with the organization's overall strategy
B
Which dimension of project management centers on creating a temporary social system within a larger organizational environment that combines the talents of a divergent set of professionals working to complete the project? A. communication B. sociocultural C. Social D. Technical E. Scheduling
B
Which of the following characteristics is not typical of a project manager? A. Managing a temporary activity B. Possesses in-depth technical knowledge C. Managing a non-repetitive activity D. Manages independently of the formal organization E. Provides a direct link to the customer
B
Which of the following is NOT typical of a project manager? A. Managing a temporary activity B. Overseeing existing operations C. Managing a non-repetitive activity D. Responsible for time, cost and performance trade-offs E. Work with a group of outsiders, including vendors and suppliers
B
Which of the following is a good example of a program? A. Planting a garden B. Developing a new residential area that includes six custom homes C. Developing a new marketing plan D. Taking notes each class meeting to prepare for the final E. Planning a wedding
B
Which of the following statements is true? A. Project management is far from a standard way of doing business B. Project management is increasingly contributing to achieving organizational strategies C. Project management is being used at a consistent percentage of a firm's efforts D. Project management is a specialty that few organizations have access to E. All of these statements are false
B
Which of the following statements is true? A. Project management is far from a standard way of doing business B. Project management is increasingly contributing to achieving organizational strategies C. Project management is being used at a consistent percentage of a firm's efforts D. Project management is a specialty that few organizations have access to E. All of these statements are false
B
Which of these is NOT part of the "sociocultural dimension" of project management? A. Negotiation B. Resource allocation C. Managing customer expectations D. Leadership E. Dealing with politics
B
Which of the following is NOT a reason why project management has become a standard way of doing business? A. Increased need for skilled management of stakeholders outside of organization. B. Projects need to be done faster. C. Organizations are doing more project work in-house instead of outsourcing. D. Organizations are executing more and more projects E. Increased product complexity and innovation.
C
Which of the following represents the correct order of stages within the project life cycle? A. Planning, Defining, Executing, Closing B. Closing, Planning, Defining, Executing C. Defining, Planning, Executing, Closing D. Executing, Defining, Planning, Closing E. Planning, Defining, Closing, Executing
C
Which of these is NOT part of the "technical dimension" of project management? A. WBS B. Budgets C. Problem solving D. Schedules E. Status reports
C
1. Resources are adequate, but demand varies widely over the life of the project. Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand on resources is known as resource A. Shifting. B. Effectiveness. C. Manipulating. D. Smoothing. E. Allocation.
D
17. Resource leveling or smoothing can have all the following results on a project EXCEPT A. Lower peak resource demand. B. Reduced resource need over the life of the project. C. Reduced fluctuations in resource demand. D. A longer project duration. E. A more sensitive network.
D
28. In a resource-constrained project the third priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the A. Smallest duration. B. Least slack. C. Most slack. D. Lowest identification number. E. Highest cost.
D
5. When considering the sequence and timing of activities, which of the following is NOT one of the types of project network constraints? A. Physical B. Technical C. Resource D. Time E. All of these are types of constraints that could impact structure of the project network
D
8. All of the following are types of resource constraints EXCEPT A. Materials. B. People. C. Equipment. D. Information. E. Human.
D
A manager getting further into a project and obtaining a better understanding of what needs to be done to accomplish a project is an example of: A. Hidden interaction costs B. Things going wrong on a project C. Normal conditions not applying D. Changes in project scope E. None of these are correct
D
In the _____________ stage of the project life cycle, a major portion of the physical project work performed. A. Identifying B. Defining C. Planning D. Executing E. Closing
D
In the ______________ stage of the project life cycle you are more likely to find status reports, changes, and the creation of forecasts. A. Identifying B. Defining C. Planning D. Executing E. Closing
D
Which of the following activities is NOT considered a project? A. Developing a new software program B. Designing a space station C. Preparing the site for the Olympic Games D. Production of automobile tires E. Something never been done before
D
Which of the following is NOT considered to be characteristic of a project? A. An established objective B. A clear beginning and end C. Specific time, cost and performance requirements D. For internal use only E. Something never been done before
D
Which of the following is NOT one of the driving forces behind the increasing demand for project management? A. Compression of the product life cycle B. Knowledge explosion C. Increasing need for multiproject management D. Declining need for product customization E. More sustainable business practices
D
Which of the following is NOT one of the items that would appear on a project scope statement or checklist? A. Deliverables B. Technical requirements C. Objectives D. Work breakdown structure E. Reviews with customer
D
Which of the following is NOT true about project management? A. It is not limited to the private sector. B. Many opportunities are available for individuals interested in this career path. C. It improves one's ability to plan, implement and manage activities to accomplish specific organizational objectives. D. It focuses primarily on technical processes. E. It is a set of tools.
D
Which of the following is not one of the recommended guidelines for developing useful work package estimates? A. Estimates should be made by those responsible for the work B. Use several people to estimate the same work C. Estimates should be based on normal conditions D. Estimates should include a normal level of contingency E. Estimates should be independent of other projects
D
Which of the following correctly calculates the early finish for an activity? A. LS
DUR B. ES +DUR C. LF +DUR D. ES +SL E. LF +SL+b
11. Most of the scheduling methods available today require the project manager to classify the project as either _______ constrained or ______ constrained. A. Time, quality B. Quality, resource C. Cost, time D. Quality, cost E. Time, resource
E
13. In reviewing the status of her project with top management, Shirley was told that there are only two programmers that she can use for her project. Her project is classified as __________ constrained. A. Time B. Quality C. Cost D. Performance E. Resource
E
24. All of the following are benefits of scheduling resources before project implementation EXCEPT A. It allows time for considering reasonable options if resource constraints do exist. B. The project completion date can be established. C. Work packages can be time-phased. D. It allows managers to share resources with other project managers if it is requested without negatively impacting their project. E. It ensures low network sensitivity.
E
3. Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of failing to identify limited resources before project implementation? A. Activity delays B. Project delays C. Difficulty in taking quick corrective action D. Increase costs E. Scope creep
E
31. A project budget report is showing our project as spending $35,000 against a budgeted amount of $40,000. Which of the following is true? A. We are spending less than we should for the project B. We are doing a good job managing the project C. We should check to see if all the bills have been paid D. We have more money to put into budget reserves E. We can't be sure how the project is going
E
9. Gene is trying to order the concrete needed to continue his project. However, the supplier will not be able to deliver it until next week. This is an example of what kind of resource constraint? A. Working capital B. People C. Equipment D. Information E. Materials
E
As the number of small projects increase within an organization's portfolio, what is a challenge an organization faces? A. Sharing resources B. Measuring efficiency C. Managing risk D. Prioritizing projects E. All of these are challenges
E
In the ______________ stage of the project life cycle project life cycle project the product is delivered to the customer and resources are reassigned. A. Identifying B. Defining C. Planning D. Executing E. Closing
E
Project governance does NOT include A. Setting standards for project selection. B. Overseeing project management activities. C. Centralization of project processes and practices. D. Options for continuous improvement. E. Allowing project managers to plan the project the way they see fit.
E
Project management is ideally suited for a business environment requiring all of the following except A. Accountability B. Flexibility C. Innovation D. Speed E. Repeatability
E
Project management is important to understand when people are a part of a project team because they A. Work with others to create a schedule and budget. B. Need to understand project priorities so they can make independent decisions. C. Need to be able to monitor and report project progress. D. Need to understand the project charter or scope statement that defines the objectives and parameters of the project. E. All of these are reasons it is important for project team members to understand project management.
E
Which of the following is typically the responsibility of a project manager? A. Meeting budget requirements B. Meeting schedule requirements C. Meeting performance specifications D. Coordinating the actions of the team members E. All of these are typical responsibilities
E
Laura is forecasting the time and cost of developing an intranet for a new customer. Her department has completed six such intranets for customers during the last two years. Although the proposed system is about the same size as the others she estimates that it will take about 10 percent less time and money. Which of the following methods is she using?
Learning curve
A good starting point for developing time and cost estimates is A. Past experience B. Work packages C. Task analysis D. Time and motion studies E. Work breakdown structure
a
Activities which can take place at the same time are termed A. Parallel activity. B. Critical path. C. Burst activity. D. Merge activity. E. Independent activity.
a
Concurrent engineering, which has dramatically reduced the development time for new products, relies on what kind of lag? A. Start to Start lags B. Start to Finish lags C. Finish to Finish lags D. Finish to Start lags E. Any of these could be correct
a
If a project is small and does not require an elaborate system to assign tasks, which of the following is a good choice? A. Responsibility matrix B. Organization breakdown structure C. Work breakdown structure D. Priority matrix E. Process breakdown structure
a
In practice, estimating processes are frequently classified as A. Top down/bottom up. B. Rough/polished. C. Precise/order of magnitude. D. Draft/final. E. Broad/Specific.
a
Janet is forecasting how much money her department needs to support a new project. She estimates that two people and $25,000 in expenses will cover her needs. Because management typically insists on reducing forecasts by 20 percent, she increases her estimates to allow for that reduction. Which of the following factors is illustrated in this situation? A. Padding estimates B. Planning horizon C. Project structure D. People E. Organization culture
a
People working on prototype development needing time to interact with the design engineers after the design is completed is an example of: A. Hidden interaction costs B. Things going wrong on a project C. Normal conditions not applying D. Changes in project scope E. None of these are correct
a
Refining estimates may be necessary for a number of reasons. For example, people working on prototype development needing time to interact with the design engineers after the design is completed is a good example of A. Hidden interaction costs. B. Things going wrong on a project. C. Normal conditions not applying. D. Changes in project scope. E. The customer not being clear about their expectations.
a
The ability of a 911 emergency system to identify the caller's phone number and location is considered to be a A. Technical requirement. B. Milestone. C. Project limit. D. Project exclusion. E. Project deliverable.
a
The amount of time an activity can be delayed and yet not delay the project is termed A. Total slack. B. Free slack. C. Critical float. D. Float pad. E. Slip pad.
a
There are 5 steps involved when defining a project; which of the following is the last? A. Code the WBS for tracking B. Assign the cost account to a manager C. Assign the work package to a manager D. Develop the responsibility matrix E. All of these are included in the final step
a
Top-down estimates are most likely to occur during the ______ phase. A. Concept B. Planning C. Execution D. Delivery E. All of these are equally likely
a
When completing a backward pass, you carry the LS to the next preceding activity to establish the LF, unless the next preceding activity is a burst activity, in which case you select A. The smallest LS of all its immediate successor activities to establish the LF. B. The largest ES of all its immediate successor activities to establish the LF. C. The average LS of all its immediate successor activities to establish the LF. D. The smallest ES of all its immediate successor activities to establish the LF. E. The largest LS of all its immediate successor activities to establish the LF.
a
Which of the follow top-down methods is used when projects closely follow past projects in features and costs and result in costs being assigned by percentages to major segments of the project? A. Apportion B. Function point C. Phase estimating D. Learning curve E. Consensus
a
Which of the following does NOT help describe a bottom-up estimating approach? A. They are made by someone who uses experience and/or information from someone else to determine overall project cost and duration B. They establish low-cost, efficient methods for completing activities C. They typically comes from the people actually doing the work and who are most knowledgeable about the task at hand D. Estimates are made at the work package level and then "rolled up" to determine estimates for major deliverables and for the project itself E. They can take place after the project has been planned in detail
a
Which of the following is true about hammock activities? A. They are used to identify the use of fixed resources or costs over a segment of a project B. They are a combination of Start to Start and Start to Finish lags C. They are activities in which the costs are not subject to change D. They are an alternative description for the critical path E. They are highly sensitive
a
Which of the following top-down methods is used when projects closely follow past projects in regard to features and costs of those features, and result in costs being assigned by percentages to major segments of the project? A. Apportion B. Function point C. Phase estimating D. Learning curve E. Consensus
a
Bill is building a project network that involves testing a prototype. He must design the prototype (activity 1), build the prototype (activity 2), and test the prototype (activity 3). Activity 1 is the predecessor for activity 2 and activity 2 is the predecessor for activity 3. If the prototype fails testing, Bill must redesign the prototype; therefore, activity 3 is a predecessor for activity 1. This is an example of A. Conditional statements. B. Looping. C. Having more than one start node. D. Good network development. E. Natural network flow.
b
Design flaws being revealed after the fact, extreme weather conditions, and accidents occurring are examples of: A. Hidden interaction costs B. Things going wrong on a project C. Normal conditions not applying D. Changes in project scope E. None of these are correct
b
Ed is looking over the actual results of projects and comparing them to what was estimated. He notices that the projects that took six months or longer to complete were noticeably more off the estimates. Which of the following factors is he recognizing? A. Padding estimates B. Project duration C. Project structure D. People E. Organization culture
b
In a learning curve, the improvement ratio is applied to which of the following items? A. Direct materials B. Direct labor C. Overhead D. Both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are all correct
b
Information to develop a project network is collected from the A. Organization breakdown structure. B. Work breakdown structure. C. Budget. D. Project proposal. E. Responsibility matrix.
b
Learning curves are more likely to be applied in situations where most of the costs are A. Materials. B. Labor. C. Overhead. D. Evenly spread over materials, labor, and overhead. E. Labor and materials.
b
Linda has just been assigned manager of a project to develop a new advertising campaign for an established product. Her first step should be to A. Establish project priorities. B. Define the project scope. C.Verify the budget available. D. Assign team members to work on the project. E. Determine the required completion date.
b
On a project network, the activity times are derived from the A. Organization breakdown structure. B. Work packages. C. Budget. D. Project proposal. E. Responsibility matrix.
b
Project costs are typically viewed from all of the following except: A. Scheduled B. Sunk C. Actual D. Committed E. All of these are correct
b
Refining estimates may be necessary for a number of reasons. For example, design flaws being revealed after the fact, extreme weather conditions, and accidents occurring are good examples of A. Hidden interaction costs. B. Things going wrong on a project. C. Normal conditions not applying. D. Changes in project scope. E. None of these are correct.
b
Richard is collecting estimates for a house that he will have the funding to build in 12 months. Which of the following factors does Richard need to consider in regard to the quality of these estimates? A. Padding estimates B. Planning horizon C. Project structure D. People E. Project duration
b
System documentation cannot end until three days after testing has started. This is an example of which kind of lag? A. Start to Start B. Start to Finish C. Finish to Finish D. Finish to Start E. Any of these could be correct
b
The accuracy of top-down estimates will typically be in the range of A. Minus 50%to plus 50% B. Minus 0%to plus 75% C. Minus 20%to plus 60% D. Minus 35%to plus 35% E. Minus 10%to plus 30%
b
The backward pass in project network calculations determines all of the following EXCEPT A. Latest time an activity can begin. B. Earliest time an activity can finish. C. The critical path. D. How long an activity can be delayed. E. Latest time an activity can finish.
b
The bottom-up approach for estimating times and costs that uses costs from past projects that were similar to the current project is known as A. Detailed WBS work package estimates. B. Template method. C. Function point method. D. Time-phased cost estimates. E. Phase estimating.
b
The critical path in a project network is the A. Shortest path through the network. B. Longest path through the network. C. Network path with the most difficult activities. D. Network path using the most resources. E. Network path with the most merge activities.
b
The integration of the lowest level of the WBS with the organizational units responsible for performing the work is known as A. Responsibility matrix. B. Organization breakdown structure C. Work breakdown structure. D. Priority matrix. E. Process breakdown structure.
b
The lowest element in the hierarchical breakdown of the WBS is A. A deliverable. B. A work package. C. A cost account. D. A lowest subdeliverable. E. An object.
b
The tendency for the project deliverables to expand over time—usually by changing requirements, specifications, and priorities—is called A. Scope erosion. B. Scope creep. C. Project bloat. D. Scope enhancement. E. Project add-ons.
b
There are 5 steps involved when defining a project; which of the following is the first? A. Establish project prioritie B. Define the project scope C. Verify the budget available D. Assign team members to work on the project E. Determine the required completion date
b
What is the relationship between organizational culture and estimating? A. There is no relationship B. Cultural norms affect the accuracy of estimates C. Culture determines whether estimates are made D. Estimating alters cultural norms E. Estimating and culture are independent
b
When translated into a project network, a work package will become A. A single activity. B. One or more activities. C. A milestone. D. A critical path. E. An arrow.
b
Which of the following can be used without coordinating with managers of succeeding activities? A. Total slack B. Free slack C. Critical float D. Float pad E. Slip pad
b
Which of the following is NOT true in regard to the level of detail estimates should contain? A. It will vary with the complexity of the project B. Detailed estimates are crucial to project success; therefore, an effort should be made to make estimates as detailed as possible for all projects C. The more detailed the estimate is the more the estimate will cost to create D. Inadequate detail might lead to estimates that fall short of their intended purpose E. Excessive detail means unproductive paperwork and unnecessary expenditures
b
Which of the following is a good example of a Process Breakdown Structure? A. New car prototype B. New software program C. New instruction manual D. New sports stadium E. New project management book
b
Which of the following methods is NOT considered a top-down approach to estimating project time and cost? A. Ratio B. Template C. Apportion D. Function point E. Learning curve
b
Which of the following methods is not considered a top-down approach to estimating project time and cost? A. Ratio B. Template C. Apportion D. Function point E. Learning curve
b
"To construct a high-quality, custom home within five months at costs not to exceed $150,000" is best classified as A. A deliverable. B. A milestone. C. An objective. D. A limit. E. An exclusion.
c
A typical statement in actual practice is that estimates should have a probability of being met ______ of the time. A. 100% B. 98% C. 95% D. 90% E. 80%
c
A(n) _________ activity has more than one dependency arrow flowing from it. A. Parallel B. Critical path C. Burst D. Merge E. Independent
c
If a project has more than one activity that can begin when the project is to start, a common start node should be used to indicate a clear project beginning on the network. Without a common start node, each path is a A. Critical path. B. Parallel path. C. Dangler path. D. Multiple start path. E. Confused path.
c
If, for some reason, the project must be expedited to meet an earlier date, which of the following actions would the project manager take first? A. Check to see which activities cost the least B. Check to see which activities have the longest duration C. Check to see which activities are on the critical path D. Check to see which activities have the most slack E. Check to see which activities have the highest risk
c
In reviewing the project plan, Susan sees that the first prototype must be completed by October 12. This would be best classified as a A. Project target. B. Limit item. C. Milestone. D. Project objective. E. Critical goal.
c
Jose is looking at a document that outlines the specific deliverables and subdeliverables required to complete the writing of a technical support manual. He is most likely viewing the A. Responsibility matrix. B. Organization breakdown structure. C. Work breakdown structure. D. Priority matrix. E. Work package.
c
Refining estimates may be necessary for a number of reasons. For example, resource shortages, in the form of people, equipment, or materials, can extend original estimates. This is a good example of A. Hidden interaction costs. B. Things going wrong on a project. C. Normal conditions not applying. D. Changes in project scope. E. The customer not being clear about their expectations.
c
Resource shortages, in the form of people, equipment, or materials, is a good example of A. Hidden interaction costs B. Things going wrong on a project C. Normal conditions not applying D. Changes in project scope E. None of these are correct
c
Scott has just been given a project that has a specific completion date. After a discussion with top management he finds that while the date is important the cost is more important and a slip in delivery would be acceptable if required to meet the cost targets. The completion date is best classified as A. Constrained. B. Reduced. C. Accepted. D. Limited. E. Optional.
c
The _________ is used to assist in making project trade-offs among schedule, budget, and performance objectives. A. Responsibility matrix B. Work breakdown structure C. Project priority matrix D. Work package E. Criterion matrix
c
The cost to prepare bottom-up estimates will typically run how much more than the costs to prepare the top-down estimates? A. About the same B. About twice as much C. About three times as much D. About four times as much E. About five times as much
c
The likelihood the original critical path(s) will change once the project is initiated is referred to as A. Flexibility. B. Resilience. C. Sensitivity. D. Concurrent engineering. E. Rigidity.
c
The minimum amount of time a dependent activity must be delayed to begin or end is referred to as A. Hammock. B. Laddering. C. Lag. D. Cushion. E. Buffer.
c
The process of forecasting or approximating the time and cost of completing project deliverables is called A. Budgeting B. Predicting C. Estimating D. Planning E. Guesstimating
c
The project scope statement indicates that the client is responsible for training the people who will be using the equipment and that the project team will train the client's trainers. This is an example of A. Project objectives. B. Deliverables. C. Limits and exclusions. D. Technical requirements. E. Milestones.
c
The salary of the project manager would be an example of what type of cost found in a project? A. Labor B. Direct C. Direct project overhead D. General and administrative overhead E. Salary
c
Tom is responsible for ordering hardware for a custom home his company is building. The contractor installing the hardware is scheduled to start in 5 working days, but the hardware is on backorder and will not arrive for another 9 working days. Fortunately, Tom has 10 days of slack; however, he shares this slack with the hardware installer. He will have to let the contactor know that the hardware will be ready 4 days later than expected and that the slack for the installer has been reduced by 4 days. Tom and the installer share 10 days of A. Free Slack. B. Shared Slack. C. Total Slack. D. Critical Slack. E. Functional Slack.
c
Which of the following correctly calculates the late start for an activity? A. EF - DUR B. ES - DUR C. LF - DUR D. ES - SL E. LF - SL
c
Which of the following describes the consensus method? A. Should be used only for projects that require the same task, group of tasks, or product to be repeated several times B. Uses several people with relevant experience regarding the task at hand to make time and cost estimates C. Uses pooled experience of senior and/or middle managers to estimate the total project duration and cost D. Uses the number of square feet to estimate the total cost and time of the project E. Uses weighted macro variables or major parameters such as the number of inputs or outputs to estimate the total cost and time of the project
c
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic rules to follow when developing project networks? A. An activity cannot begin until all preceding activities have been completed B. Each activity must have a unique identification number C. Conditional statements are allowed but looping statements are not allowed D. An activity identification number must be larger than that of any preceding activities E Networks flow from left to right
c
Which of the following is a good condition for bottom-up estimating? A. Strategic decision making B. Internal, small project C. Fixed price contract D. High uncertainty E. Both C and D are good conditions for bottom-up estimating
c
Which of the following is least likely to be included in a work package? A. How long the work package should take to complete B. A description of work to be performed C. Overhead expenses D. How much the work package should cost to complete E. The person responsible for the work package
c
Which of the following is not one of the bottom-up approaches to estimating project time and cost? A. Parametric procedures applied to specific tasks B. Estimates for the WBS work packages C. Learning curve D. Template method E. All of these are bottom-up approaches
c
Which of the following represents an activity on an activity-on-node (AON) project network? A. An arrow B. A line C. A node D. Both an arrow and a line E. An arrow, a line and a node all represent activities
c
________ activities must be completed immediately before a particular activity. A. Merge B. Burst C. Predecessor D. Successor E. Parallel
c
A sequence of connected, dependent activities is termed a(n) A. Path of events. B. Parallel path. C. Activity chain. D. Path. E. Dependent chain.
d
Accounting would be an example of which of the following costs typically found in a project? A. Labor B. Direct C. Direct project overhead D. General and administrative overhead E. Salary
d
All of the following are ways the WBS helps in managing projects EXCEPT A. With cost and time estimates the WBS makes it possible to plan, schedule and budget the project. B. It provides management with information appropriate to each level. C. Can be used to define communication channels. D. Allows the project manager to establish the overall objective of the project. E. As it is developed, organizational units and individuals can be assigned responsibility of work packages.
d
An activity that has more than one dependency arrow flowing into it is termed a(n) A. Parallel activity. B. Critical path. C. Burst activity. D. Merge activity. E. Independent activity.
d
Arrows on an activity-on-node (AON) project network represent A. An activity. B. Project flow. C. Dependency. D. Project flow and dependency. E. An activity and dependency.
d
Companies are using which of the following for improving the estimating process for future projects? A. Adjusting estimates based on individual forecasting abilities B. Benchmarking and using the experience of other companies C. Using time and motion studies D. Creating historical databases of previous projects E. Establishing an estimating training course for all employees
d
How is project scope defined? A. The length of your project and how much it will cost B. The deliverables or outputs during the course of the project C. The range of resources you have available and their capabilities D. What you expect to deliver to your customer when the project is complete E. The range of customer expectations
d
Refining estimates may be necessary for a number of reasons. For example, a manager getting further into a project and obtaining a better understanding of what needs to be done to accomplish a project and meet the needs of the customer is an example of A. Hidden interaction costs. B. Things going wrong on a project. C. Normal conditions not applying. D. Changes in project scope. E. There is never a good reason to refine estimates.
d
Rob is responsible for estimating a work package that has a significant amount of uncertainty associated with the time and cost to complete. Due to the uncertainty involved he will be making a low, an average and a high estimate. Rob is using which estimating approach? A. Parametric procedures applied to specific tasks B. Template method C. Apportion method D. Range estimating E. Learning curve
d
Sean is forecasting the time and cost of developing a customized software program by looking at the number of inputs, outputs, inquires, files, and interfaces. Which of the following methods is he using? A. Ratio B. Template C. Apportion D. Function point E. Learning curve
d
The approach that begins with a top-down estimate for the project and then refines estimates as the project is implemented is known as ______ method. A. Function point B. Template C. Learning curve D. Phase estimating E. Apportion
d
The forward pass in project network calculations determines all of the following EXCEPT A. Earliest time an activity can begin. B. Earliest time an activity can finish. C. Duration of the project. D. The critical path. E. How soon the project can finish.
d
The requirement for a freshly poured foundation to cure before beginning construction is an example of which of the following type of lag? A. Start to Start B. Start to Finish C. Finish to Finish D. Finish to Start E. Any of these could be correct
d
When work packages are integrated with organizational units, a control point is created called a A. Responsibility matrix. B. Priority matrix. C. Work package. D. Cost account. E. Project overlap.
d
Which of the following does NOT help describe a project network? A. A graphic display of the flow and sequence of work through the project B. Provides the basis for scheduling labor and equipment C. Gives the times when activities can start and finish and when they can be delayed D. Highlights major deliverables and identifies their completion dates E. Identifies critical activities
d
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that need to be considered to improve quality of estimates for project times and costs? A. Planning horizon B. People C. Padding estimates D. Profit E. Project structure
d
Which of the following is a good condition for top-down estimating? A. Cost and time important B. Fixed price contract C. Customer wants details D. Internal, small project E. Large scale project involving several subcontractors
d
Which of the following is provided by both the project network and the work breakdown structure? A. Dependencies B. Sequencing C. Interrelationships D. Activity duration E. Timing
d
______ estimates are most likely to use low cost, efficient methods. A. Apportion B. Ratio C. Top-down D. Bottom-up E. All of these are equally likely
d
________ activities are to be completed immediately following a particular activity. A. Merge B. Burst C. Predecessor D. Successor E. Parallel
d
All of the following are usually included in a work package EXCEPT A. What will be done. B. The time needed to complete the work. C. A single person who is responsible for its completion. D. All the costs for the work package. E. All of these are included in a work package.
e
Having a strong communication plan can go a long way toward mitigating project problems. A communication plan should address all of the following EXCEPT A. When the information will be communicated. B. How information should be communicated and to whom. C. What methods will be used to gather and store information. D. What information needs to be collected and are there limits as to who has access to it. E. All of these should be addressed in a communication plan.
e
Laura is forecasting the time and cost of developing an intranet for a new customer. Her department has completed six such intranets for customers during the last two years. Although the proposed system is about the same size as the others, she estimates that it will take about 10 percent less time and money. Which of the following methods is she using? A. Ratio B. Template C. Apportion D. Function point E. Learning curve
e
Reasons why estimating time and cost are important include all of the following except: A. To schedule work B. To determine how long the project should take and cost C. To develop cash flow needs D. To determine how well the project is progressing E. All of the above are valid reasons
e
The WBS is best suited for projects that have a tangible outcome. Which of the following is used when the final outcome of the project is less tangible or is a product of a series of steps or phases? A. Responsibility matrix B. Organization breakdown structure C. A work breakdown structure is still effective for these types of projects D. Priority matrix E. Process breakdown structure
e
The accuracy of bottom-up estimates will typically be in the range of A. Minus 50%to plus 50% B. Minus 0%to plus 75% C. Minus 20%to plus 60% D. Minus 35%to plus 35% E. Minus 10%to plus 30%
e
The assumption that all immediate preceding activities must be 100%complete is too restrictive in some situations. When an activity is broken down into smaller segments in order to start the succeeding activity sooner, this is called A. Hammock activities. B. Concurrent engineering. C. A forward pass. D. Dissecting. E. Laddering.
e
The first step of project scope definition is to A. Analyze the strategic plan. B. Analyze the current budget plan. C. Meet with team members. D. Select team members. E. Define the overall objective to meet the customer's needs.
e
The highest element in the hierarchical breakdown of the WBS is A. A work package. B. Subdeliverables. C. A cost account. D. Major deliverables. E. The project.
e
Typical kinds of costs found in a project include A. Direct costs B. Project overhead costs C. General and administrative costs D. Only A and B are included E. A, B, and C are all included
e
Which of the following will correctly calculate the total slack in an activity? A. LS - ES B. LF - EF C. LS - LF D. LF - ES E. Either LS - ES or LF - EF
e
Which of the following would best represent direct project costs? A. Only labor B. Only materials C. Only equipment D. Both labor and materials E. Labor, materials and equipment
e
complete is too restrictive in some situations. When an activity is broken down into smaller segments in order to start the succeeding activity sooner, this is called A. Hammock activities. B. Concurrent engineering. C. A forward pass. D. Dissecting. E. Laddering.
e
Which of the following would be considered a direct project cost? A. Labor B. Materials C. Equipment D. Both A and B are direct costs E. A, B, and C are all considered direct costs
eWhich of the following would be the best method for projects where the final product is not known and the uncertainty is very large? A. Function point B. Template C. Learning curve D. Phase estimating E. Apportion+d
Jose is forecasting project time and cost for constructing a new building by multiplying the total square footage by a given dollar amount. Which of the following methods is he using? A. Ratio B. Template C. Apportion D. Function point E. Learning curve
ratio
10. A special truck that George needs on his project has been scheduled on another project. This is an example of what type of resource constraint? A. Working capital B. People C. Equipment D. Information E. Materials
C
18. Jan is trying to reallocate resources in a time-constrained project to create smoother resource utilization. She should first identify activities with the A. Smallest duration. B. Least slack. C. Most slack. D. Lowest identification number. E. Highest cost.
C
27. Which of the following is NOT one of the more common problems associated with scheduling multiproject resources? A. Overall schedule slippage B. Inefficient resource utilization C. Decline in project quality D. Resource bottlenecks E. Delays in one project causing delays in other projects
C
6. Sam, the project engineer, has been scheduled to run the product system test at the same time he is to build a marketing prototype. This is an example of what type of resource constraint? A. Physical B. Technical C. People D. Equipment E. Time
C
In the ______________ stage of the project life cycle the project's schedule and budget will be determined. A. Identifying B. Defining C. Planning D. Executing E. Closing
C
There are 5 steps involved when defining a project; which of the following is the second? A. Analyze the strategic plan B. Analyze the current budget plan C. Establish project priorities D. Select team members E. Define the major objectives to meet the customer's needs
C
Which of the following activities is the best example of a project? A. Processing insurance claims B. Producing automobiles C. Writing a policy manual D. Monitoring product quality E. Overseeing customer requests
C
