MGT 522 Exam 2

_____ refers to trainees' perceptions about a wide variety of characteristics of the work environment that facilitate or inhibit use of trained skills or behavior. A. Information absorption B. Transfer of training C. Cognitive adoption D. Rationalizing E. Climate for transfer

Climate for transfer

To ensure that awareness of the training needs enhances trainees' motivation to learn, which of the following should a manager do? A. Encourage work group members to do their jobs individually and not involve each other. B. Speak positively about the company's training programs. C. Give employees time and opportunities to practice and apply new skills or behaviors. D. Let employees know they are doing a good job when they use training content in their work. E. Encourage trainees to complete self-evaluation of all strengths and weaknesses.

Encourage trainees to complete self-evaluation of all strengths and weaknesses.

Which of the following legislations prohibit discrimination and mandates that employers take affirmative actions to hire qualified minority applicants? A. Federal Tort Claims Act B. Revenue Act of 1913 C. Executive order 11246 D. Federal Reserve Act E. Thirteenth Amendment

Executive order 11246

____ refers to on-the-job use of knowledge, skills, and behaviors learned in training. A. Information absorption B. Transfer of training C. Cognitive adoption D. Rationalizing E. Training consumption

Transfer of training

Content validation: A. seeks to establish an empirical relationship between test scores taken prior to being hired and eventual performance on the job. B. refers to the degree to which a measure is correlated with other measures that it is theoretically predicted to correlate with. C. is performed by demonstrating that the items, questions, or problems posed by a test are a representative sample of the kinds of situations or problems that occur on the job. D. is an estimate of whether a test appears to measure a certain criterion. E. assesses the validity of a test by administering it to people already on the job and then correlating test scores with existing measures of each person's performance.

is performed by demonstrating that the items, questions, or problems posed by a test are a representative sample of the kinds of situations or problems that occur on the job.

What method of team training shows a team how to share information and decisions to maximize team performance? A. Six sigma training B. Cross-training C. Coordination training D. Team leader training E. Action learning

Coordination training

_____ analysis is the process of determining the economic benefits of a training program using accounting methods. A. Income training B. Asset-liability C. Profitability D. Cost-benefit E. Return on investment

Cost-benefit

Which of the following is a disadvantage of interactive video training? A. Training is not individualized. B. Costs of developing the courseware are relatively high. C. Employees do not receive immediate feedback about their performance. D. Training is not convenient for both employees and employers. E. Training is inconsistent and trainers often find it difficult to update the training method.

Costs of developing the courseware are relatively high.

_____ costs relate to design of the training program, including costs to buy or create the program. A. Development B. Operational C. Administrative D. General services E. Programming

Development

An employee is likely to experience shock at which of the following stages of the socialization process? A. Anticipatory socialization phase B. Encounter phase C. Settling-in phase D. Probationary phase E. Evaluation phase

Encounter phase

Which of the following steps in a training design process involves self-management strategies and peer and manager support? A. Ensuring employees' readiness for training B. Creating a learning environment C. Ensuring transfer of training D. Evaluating training programs E. Needs assessment

Ensuring transfer of training

Ensuring that employees have product and service knowledge and understand their roles and decision-making authority are implications of which of the following strategic training and development initiatives? A. Accelerating the pace of employee learning B. Providing development opportunities and communicate to employees C. Diversifying portfolio D. Improving customer service E. Capturing and sharing knowledge

Improving customer service

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of concurrent validity? A. It is an estimate of whether a test appears to measure a certain criterion. B. It is performed by demonstrating that the questions or problems posed by the test are a representative sample of the kinds of situations or problems that occur on the job. C. It assesses the validity of a test by administering it to people already on the job and then correlating test scores with existing measures of each person's performance. D. It seeks to establish an empirical relationship between test scores taken prior to being hired and eventual performance on the job. E. It refers to the degree to which a measure is correlated with other measures that it is theoretically predicted to correlate with.

It assesses the validity of a test by administering it to people already on the job and then correlating test scores with existing measures of each person's performance.

Which one of the following is true about e-learning? A. It does not let the learners control what they learn. B. It enhances learning as learners are more engaged through the use of video, graphics, sound, and text. C. It increases training time due to its remote nature and lack of trainer interaction. D. It focuses on learning solutions based on traditional training. E. E-learning fails to go beyond traditional training.

It enhances learning as learners are more engaged through the use of video, graphics, sound, and text.

Which of the following include groups of employees who work together, learn from each other, and develop a common understanding of how to get work accomplished? A. Learning management systems B. Application management systems C. Community management systems D. Knowledge management systems E. Network management systems

Knowledge management systems

____ refers to the ability of trainees to actively learn through self-pacing, exercises, and exploring links to other material. A. Delivery B. Repurposing C. Blended learning D. Learner control E. Collaboration and sharing

Learner control

_____ involves creating an environment that allows all employees to contribute to organizational goals and experience personal growth. A. Conflict management B. Managing inclusion C. Repatriation D. Turnover management E. Communication training

Managing inclusion

_____ training programs assess the benefits for a small group of trainees before a company commits more resources. A. Cost-assessment B. Collaborative C. Pilot D. Team leader E. Ad-hoc

Pilot

Which of the following is true about the use of audiovisual in training? A. The trainer has very little flexibility to customize the session. B. Trainees can attribute poor performance to the bias of external evaluators such as the trainer or peers. C. Trainees are not exposed to problems like equipment malfunctions. D. Trainees are provided with instructions occasionally. E. Poor dialogue between the actors hinders credibility and clarity of the message.

Poor dialogue between the actors hinders credibility and clarity of the message.

____ validation seeks to establish an empirical relationship between test scores taken prior to being hired and eventual performance on the job. A. Content B. Predictive C. Concurrent D. Subjective E. Logical

Predictive

Which of the following are components found in a typical behavior modeling session? A. Presentation of the key behaviors, videotape of a model, practice opportunities, and a planning session. B. Videotape of a model, planning session, one-on-one coaching, and practice opportunities. C. Presentation of key behaviors, videotape of a model, participation in a case study group, and planning session. D. Lecture, videotape of a model, on-the-job coaching, and practice opportunities. E. Virtual classrooms, customer argument demonstrations, and web-based training.

Presentation of the key behaviors, videotape of a model, practice opportunities, and a planning session.

Which of the following evaluation designs is necessary if a manager wants to compare the effect of two training programs? A. Pretest/posttest evaluation design B. Time series evaluation design C. Pretest/posttest comparison group evaluation design D. Pretest only with comparison group evaluation design E. Posttest only evaluation design

Pretest/posttest comparison group evaluation design

Which of the following is necessary if a manager is interested in determining how much employees' communications skills have changed as a result of a behavior-modeling training program? A. Pretest/posttest evaluation design B. Time series evaluation design C. Pretest/posttest comparison group evaluation design D. Pretest only with comparison group evaluation design E. Posttest only evaluation design

Pretest/posttest evaluation design

Which of the following steps can help an organization increase the reliability of its interview process? A. Using single interviewer instead of multiple interviewers B. Basing tests on the people who are already working C. Providing raters with standardized training D. Avoiding the use of common formats to rate candidates E. Basing tests on people who were most successful in earlier interviews

Providing raters with standardized training

_____ has to be considered in choosing an evaluation design. A. Experience level of the trainee B. Period of training C. Awareness of training D. Implications if a trainee misses the training E. Purpose of training

Purpose of training

In which of the following phases of the socialization process do employees begin to feel comfortable with their job demands? A. Settling-in phase B. Encounter phase C. Anticipatory phase D. Evaluation phase E. Orientation phase

Settling-in phase

Which one of the following is true about simulations as a training technique? A. Simulations need to have different elements to those found in the work environment. B. Simulations are used to teach only management and interpersonal skills. C. Simulations prevent trainees from seeing the impact of their decisions in an artificial, risk-free environment. D. Simulations are inexpensive to develop and maintain due to virtual reality technologies. E. Simulations are training methods that represent a real-life situation.

Simulations are training methods that represent a real-life situation.

Transfer of training is best assessed by which types of training evaluation? A. Affective and content outcomes B. Cognitive and behavior outcomes C. Results and learning outcomes D. Skill-based and results outcomes E. Cognitive and skill-based outcomes

Skill-based and results outcomes

Which of the following is a disadvantage of distance learning? A. The level of self-discipline required by participants B. The potential lack of interaction between the trainer and the audience C. The high cost of equipment D. The lack of face-to-face interaction E. The expenses incurred in the form of occasional travel costs

The potential lack of interaction between the trainer and the audience

Which of the following is true about self-management skills? A. Trainees should set goals for using the skills only once they are out of the training. B. It is the supervisor's sole responsibility to monitor a trainee's usage of skills or behavior on the job. C. Trainees must understand that relapses into old behavior and skill patterns indicate that trainees must step down. D. Trainees must identify conditions under which they may fail to use their skills. E. Trainees must create their own feedback system.

Trainees must identify conditions under which they may fail to use their skills.

_____ is a computer-based technology that provides trainees with a three-dimensional learning experience. A. Electronic performance support system B. Virtual reality C. Learning management system D. Integrated performance support system E. Avatar

Virtual reality

Which of the following involves classroom instructions that are provided online through live broadcasts? A. Blogging B. Podcasting C. Web conferencing D. Webcasting E. Teleconferencing

Webcasting

Giving teams or work groups an actual problem, having them work on solving it and commit to an action plan, and holding them accountable for carrying out the plan describes _____. A. adventure learning B. self-directed learning C. action learning D. team training E. group building

action learning

Training evaluation that measures trainees' satisfaction with the training and reaction to the program is called _____ outcome. A. cognitive B. results C. content D. affective E. return on investment

affective

Through _____, expectations about the company, job, working conditions, and interpersonal relationships are developed through interactions with representatives of the company. A. orientation socialization B. anticipatory socialization C. settling-in D. encounter socialization E. initialization

anticipatory socialization

A work-study training method that uses both on-the-job training and classroom training is called _____. A. apprenticeship B. simulation C. virtual-reality training D. case-study learning E. practical learning

apprenticeship

A test that has _____ validity exposes the job applicant to situations that are likely to occur on the job, and then tests whether the applicant currently has sufficient knowledge, skill, or ability to handle such situations. A. criterion-related B. probabilistic C. predictive D. content E. concurrent

content

Repurposing refers to: A. the ability for trainees to actively learn through self-pacing exercises, exploring links to other materials, and holding conversations with other trainees and experts. B. directly translating an instructor-led, face-to-face training program online. C. any effort designed to redirect or modify an employee's behavior. D. tying e-learning to the company's strategic business objectives. E. reinforcing the purpose of the training in employees' minds.

directly translating an instructor-led, face-to-face training program online.

The Americans with Disabilities Act _____. A. protects individuals with physical disabilities but not mental disabilities B. does not require an organization to make accommodations that cause undue hardship C. demands affirmative action to increase representation of minorities D. does not require that employers make reasonable accommodation for disabled individuals E. prevents organizations from hiring someone whose disability prevents him or her from performing critical aspects of the job

does not require an organization to make accommodations that cause undue hardship

An individual that works in a country other than his/her country of origin is called a(n) _____. A. nonpatriate B. repatriate C. expatriate D. inpatriate E. outpatriate

expatriate

Content validity is achieved primarily through a process of _____. A. quantitative analysis B. empirical study C. secondary research D. procedural study E. expert judgment

expert judgment

The information employees receive while they are performing is called _____. A. a consequence B. an output C. feedback D. an input E. personnel characteristic

feedback

When a company provides evidence from previous criterion-related validity studies conducted in other situations to show that a specific test is a valid predictor for a specific job performance, it is trying to prove the test's: A. reliability. B. utility. C. co-efficiency. D. generalizability. E. legality.

generalizability.

The utility of any test generally _____ as the selection ratio gets lower. A. increases B. decreases C. remains the same D. becomes zero E. becomes negative

increases

Behavior modeling training is best for improving _____ skills. A. technical B. interpersonal C. conceptual D. leadership E. performance

interpersonal

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act does not: A. permit business necessity as a ground to avoid a guilty verdict. B. protect younger workers. C. allow for jury trials. D. allow punitive damages. E. permit promotions based performance

protect younger workers.

The percentage of people chosen relative to the total number of people tested gives the _____ ratio. A. break-even B. furlough C. retention D. turnover E. selection

selection

As per the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, if any neutral-appearing practice happens to have adverse impact on those over 40, the employer must _____. A. show business necessity to avoid a guilty verdict B. make accommodations despite facing hardships C. facilitate pre-mature retirement for the employees D. compensate the employee prior to court trials E. provide special incentives to the suffering employees

show business necessity to avoid a guilty verdict

Training evaluation that uses observation, work-samples, and ratings to measure behaviors is called _____ outcome. A. skill-based B. results C. affective D. cognitive E. return on investment

skill-based

A _____ is a statement of an employee's work activity in a specific job. A. task B. position C. requirement D. work description E. job description

task

Presentation training techniques are most effective for: A. developing specific skills or dealing with interpersonal issues on the job. B. teaching new facts or alternative problem-solving solutions. C. continuously attempting to learn new things to apply for quality improvements. D. sharing ideas and experiences and getting to know one's strengths and weaknesses. E. enhancing communication and developing a peer network.

teaching new facts or alternative problem-solving solutions.

Action plans are developed to facilitate _____. A. instructional design B. program presentation C. transfer of training D. training program evaluation E. conditions for learning

transfer of training

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates a perfect positive relationship? A. +1.0 B. -1.0 C. 0 D. +100 E. -6.67

+1.0

The extent to which performance on the selection measure is associated with performance on the job is called: A. reliability. B. validity. C. generalizability. D. utility. E. authenticity.

validity

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates a perfect negative relationship? A. +100 B. -6.67 C. +1.0 D. -1.0 E. 0.0

-1.0

Which of the following statements is true regarding reliability and validity? A. Reliability and validity are directly proportional to each other. B. Reliability and validity are inversely proportional to each other. C. A measure must be reliable if it is to have any validity. D. Every measure that is reliable has high degree of validity. E. Reliability is a necessary and sufficient condition for validity.

A measure must be reliable if it is to have any validity.

Identifying needed knowledge, skills, abilities, or competencies and ensuring current developmental programs support the company's strategic needs are implications of which of the following strategic training and development initiatives? A. Accelerating the pace of employee learning B. Providing development opportunities and communicate to employees C. Capturing and sharing knowledge D. Improving customer service E. Aligning training and development with the company's strategic direction

Aligning training and development with the company's strategic direction

The _____ defines employers' explicit obligation to establish the business necessity of any neutral-appearing selection method that has had adverse impact on groups specified by the law. A. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 B. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 C. Civil Rights Act of 1991 D. Civil Rights Act of 1964 E. No-FEAR Act of 2002

Civil Rights Act of 1991

The _____ protects individuals from discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, and national origin with respect to hiring as well as compensation and working conditions. A. False Claims Act B. Civil Rights Act of 1991 C. Age Discrimination in Employment Act D. Americans with Disabilities Act E. Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Civil Rights Act of 1991

Which of the following acts allows the individual filing the complaint to have a jury decide whether he or she may recover punitive damages (in addition to lost wages and benefits) for emotional injuries caused by the discrimination? A. Civil Rights Act of 1871 B. Age Discrimination in Employment Act C. Americans with Disabilities Act D. Civil Rights Act of 1991 E. Civil Rights Act of 1964

Civil Rights Act of 1991

Which of the following acts explicitly prohibits the granting of preferential treatment to minority groups? A. Civil Rights Act of 1964 B. Tenure of Office Act of 1867 C. Judiciary Act of 1801 D. Third Liberty Bond Act of 1918 E. Civil Rights Act of 1991

Civil Rights Act of 1991

To test the validity of your selection device for widget makers, you have given it to the present widget makers in your company and correlated it with their latest performance appraisal scores. What type of strategy have you used? A. Predictive validation B. Content validation C. Concurrent validation D. Face validation E. Logical validation

Concurrent validation

Which of the following validation strategies is most likely to be adversely affected by the restriction of range problem that results from current employees tending to be homogeneous? A. Predictive validation B. Concurrent validation C. Content validation D. Secondary validation E. External validation

Concurrent validation

Which of the following is the first step in the training design process? A. Creating a learning environment B. Conducting a needs assessment C. Selecting training methods D. Ensuring employees' readiness for training E. Ensuring transfer of training

Conducting a needs assessment

Which of the following factors will be enhanced by communicating the need for learning? A. Basic skills B. Self-efficacy C. Conscientiousness D. Consequences of training E. Awareness of training needs

Conscientiousness

Which of the following refers to the tendency to be reliable, hardworking, self-disciplined, and persistent? A. Conscientiousness B. Basic skills C. Self-efficacy D. Awareness of training needs E. Goal orientation

Conscientiousness

A construction firm needs to hire a construction superintendent, whose primary responsibilities involve organizing, supervising, and inspecting the work of several subcontractors. It administers a construction-error recognition test, where an applicant enters a room that has been specially constructed to have 10 common and expensive errors and where he/she is asked to record as many problems as he/she can detect. What type of validation is being used here? A. Concurrent validation B. Predictive validation C. Content validation D. Criterion-related validation E. Subjective validation

Content validation

Which of the following forms of validation becomes relatively more attractive as the sample available for validation becomes smaller? A. Predictive validation B. Concurrent validation C. Content validation D. External validation E. Criterion-related validation

Content validation

Which of the following is a factor to be considered in choosing an evaluation design? A. Experience level of the trainee B. Period of training C. Awareness of training D. Implications if a trainee misses the training E. Costs of conducting an evaluation

Costs of conducting an evaluation

Which of the following enhances transfer of training? A. Creating awareness of training needs B. Creating a support network among trainees C. Self-efficacy of employees D. Work environment E. Conscientiousness

Creating a support network among trainees

Which of the following is true about opportunity to use learned capabilities? A. It refers to the extent to which transfer of training is enhanced by grouping two or more trainees to discuss their learned capabilities. B. This factor is influenced by the work environment alone. C. The trainee's peers play a role in determining work assignments. D. Trainees are less likely to maintain their learned capabilities when given more opportunities. E. Degrees to which trainees take personal responsibility to seek out assignments influence opportunity to perform.

Degrees to which trainees take personal responsibility to seek out assignments influence opportunity to perform.

Processes, checklists, flowcharts, formulas, and definitions are examples of _____. A. Learning management system B. Tacit knowledge C. Informal training D. Explicit knowledge E. Formal training

Explicit knowledge

Which of the following conditions for learning helps the learner modify behavior, skill, or use knowledge to meet objectives? A. Meaningful training content B. Commit training content to memory C. Feedback D. Good program coordination and administration E. Need to know why they should learn

Feedback

_____ refers to training and development programs, courses, and events that are developed and organized by the company. A. Learning management system B. Tacit knowledge C. Informal training D. Explicit knowledge E. Formal training

Formal training

____ is defined as the degree to which the validity of a selection method established in one context extends to other contexts. A. Utility B. Generalizability C. Reliability D. Legality E. Exclusivity

Generalizability

Which of the following will enhance the work environment to influence an employee's motivation to learn? A. Letting employees know the purpose of the training programs. B. Emphasizing that learning is under their personal control. C. Sharing performance appraisal information. D. Using off-site rather than on-site formal training programs. E. Giving employees opportunities to practice and apply skills to their work.

Giving employees opportunities to practice and apply skills to their work.

Which of the following must a manager do to support training? A. He must never step down to the trainee's level. B. He must expect the employees to know the need for attending the training. C. He should focus entirely on employees who have not undergone any training. D. He should leave the evaluation of the application of the training to the assessor. E. He must, prior to training, discuss with employees how they plan to use training.

He must, prior to training, discuss with employees how they plan to use training.

Which of the following is true about self-efficacy? A. It is the tendency of the trainee to be reliable, hardworking, self-disciplined, and persistent. B. It is the desire of the trainee to learn the content of the training program. C. It is the willingness of managers and peers to provide feedback and reinforcement. D. It is a statement of an employee's work activity in a specific job. E. It is the employee's belief that he/she can successfully learn the content of a training program.

It is the employee's belief that he/she can successfully learn the content of a training program.

Which of the following management actions could most likely increase employees' self-efficacy levels? A. Letting employees know the purpose of the training programs. B. Giving employees opportunities to practice and apply skills to their work. C. Sharing performance appraisal information. D. Using off-site rather than on-site formal training programs. E. Encouraging employees to provide feedback to each other.

Letting employees know the purpose of the training programs.

From a company perspective, which of the following is true about on-the-job training? A. Requires large number of trainers B. Provides inconsistent training content that captures the knowledge of experts C. Increases investment costs and time D. Makes multiple-site training unrealistic E. Managers and peers may not use the same process to complete a task

Managers and peers may not use the same process to complete a task

Which of the following is a characteristic associated with diversity programs' long-term success? A. Lower management provides resources. B. Top management privately advocates diversity. C. Capitalizing on a diverse workforce is defined as a competitor objective. D. Manager involvement is voluntary. E. Managers are rewarded on progress toward meeting diversity goals.

Managers are rewarded on progress toward meeting diversity goals.

Which of the following refers to new or inexperienced employees learning through observing peers or managers performing the job and trying to imitate their behaviors? A. Behavioral training B. Performance training C. Observation training D. On-the-job training E. Peer network training

On-the-job training

_____ analysis involves determining the business appropriateness of training, given the company's business strategy. A. Person B. Organizational C. Task D. Information E. Strategic

Organizational

When conducting a needs assessment, which type of analysis is generally performed first? A. Task analysis B. Organizational analysis C. Person analysis D. High-leverage analysis E. Financial analysis

Organizational analysis

In which of the following phases of cross-cultural preparation do employees receive language training and an orientation to the new country's culture and customs? A. On-site phase B. Predeparture phase C. Postdeparture phase D. Repatriation phase E. Promotion phase

Predeparture phase

John, a manager at Falcon and Co., wants to find out the impact of the company's behavior-modeling training program on his employees' communications skills. Which of the following evaluation designs should John adopt? A. Pretest/posttest evaluation design B. Time series evaluation design C. Pretest/posttest comparison group evaluation design D. Pretest only with comparison group evaluation design E. Posttest only evaluation design

Pretest/posttest evaluation design

_____ is defined as the degree to which a measure is free from random error. A. Reliability B. Validity C. Generalizability D. Utility E. Dependency

Reliability

Which of the following statements is true of the reliability of a measurement? A. A measurement is said to be reliable when only two iterations are involved in measurement. B. Reliability refers to the measuring instrument rather than to the characteristic itself. C. It is not dependent on the attributes of the measuring instruments used. D. Reliability indicates the degree to which two objects are related to each other. E. It indicates the extent to which performance on the measure is related to performance on the job.

Reliability refers to the measuring instrument rather than to the characteristic itself.

Which of the following is true about task analysis? A. Involves a description of methods to be incorporated to evaluate the tasks performed. B. It does not validate or confirm the tasks to be performed. C. Results in an assessment of employees' readiness for training. D. Involves the verification of tasks using subject matter experts. E. Task analysis identifies the outcome of the task performed.

Results in an assessment of employees' readiness for training.

_____ training provides employees with measurement and statistical tools to help reduce defects and to cut costs. A. Six Sigma B. TQM C. Team quality D. Variance training E. Total productive maintenance

Six Sigma

A firm wants to hire 15 electricians. It intends to hire only experienced electricians and, as a result, has no plans to train them. A test is developed such that it requires applicants to identify the mistakes in the circuit's wiring and rewire the circuit properly. This test is using _____ validation. A. predictive B. subjective C. criterion-related D. content E. concurrent

content

In case of _____ validation, it is critical to minimize the amount of inference involved on the part of the judges because their subjective judgment could bias the findings. A. predictive B. standard C. content D. concurrent E. discriminate

content

The _____ is a measure of the degree to which two sets of numbers are related. A. utility score B. standard deviation C. correlation coefficient D. validity score E. generalizability coefficient

correlation coefficient

If there is a substantial correlation between test scores and job-performance scores, _____ validity has been established. A. criterion-related B. content C. construct D. procedural E. subject

criterion-related

Adventure learning appears to be best suited for: A. developing skills related to group effectiveness. B. developing specific on-the-job production skills. C. training members to step in to take others' place. D. continuously attempting to learn new things to apply for quality improvement. E. enhancing communication and developing a peer network.

developing skills related to group effectiveness.

Hands-on training techniques are most effective for: A. developing specific skills or dealing with interpersonal issues on the job. B. teaching new facts or alternative problem-solving solutions. C. continuously attempting to learn new things to apply for quality improvements. D. sharing ideas and experiences and getting to know one's strengths and weaknesses. E. enhancing communication and developing a peer network.

developing specific skills or dealing with interpersonal issues on the job.

One approach to managing _____ is through affirmative action policies. A. conflict B. diversity C. repatriation D. turnover E. miscommunication

diversity

Predictive validation is superior to concurrent validation because: A. predictive valuation involves contribution from many individuals. B. job applicants often have no information about organizational culture. C. job applicants are more motivated than an organization's employees. D. effort needed for predictive valuation is lesser than concurrent valuation. E. time taken for predictive valuation is lesser than concurrent valuation.

job applicants are more motivated than an organization's employees.

When assessing the reliability of a measure, one might be interested in knowing how scores on the measure at one time relate to scores on the same measure at another time. This is called: A. test-interdependency. B. test-retest reliability. C. mutual exclusivity. D. test utility. E. test generalizability.

test-retest reliability.

The degree to which the information provided by selection methods enhances the bottom-line effectiveness of the organization is known as the selection method's: A. reliability. B. validity. C. generalizability. D. utility. E. legality.

utility