MGT3100 CH7, MGT3100 CH8

All the following are characteristics of group decision making except ______.

groups make decisions quickly

An organization's ______ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes, or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.

leaders

More positive organizational outcomes are associated with ______ cultures.

market

As a manager, Colin realizes that there is no single formula for making easy decisions. In reality, business decisions he has to make involve uncertainty and risk. This describes the ______ model of decision making.

nonrational

Symbols in organizational culture represent ______.

objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its ______.

observable artifacts

Evidence-based decision relies on ______.

observations about what actually works

A(n) ______ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

organization

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as person-______ fit.

organization

The ______ bias occurs when people's positive feelings about their own decision-making ability is greater than their objective accuracy.

overconfidence

Select all that apply According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations? > A food cart outside a sports stadium run by a single individual > A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat > A freelance graphic designer > The corporate headquarters of a global technology company

A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat The corporate headquarters of a global technology company

What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit?

A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization

Select all that apply Organizational design is concerned with which activities? (Choose every correct answer.) > Creating structures of accountability and responsibility > Minimizing all forms of accountability within an organization > Excluding responsibility from the organizational structure > Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies

Creating structures of accountability and responsibility Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies

Which one of the following best describes the decisions made by a person with an analytical style?

Carefully considers lots information and alternatives

According to Schein, which organizational feature unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being?

Common purpose

Select all that apply Which of these are reasons for the increase in ethical violations among business leaders in the 21st century? > Companies are expanding operations into developing countries where ethical risks may be higher and laws less protective. > It has become customary for business leaders to self-report unethical behavior. > More flexible regulations. > Digital communications increase exposure to risk from both hackers and whistle-blowers.

Companies are expanding operations into developing countries where ethical risks may be higher and laws less protective. Digital communications increase exposure to risk from both hackers and whistle-blowers.

Which decision-making style is characterized by a high tolerance for ambiguity and the consideration of many options together with a willingness to take risks?

Conceptual

When making decisions for her department, Ellie tends to take a long time because she takes into consideration a large amount of information. What type of decision-making style does Ellie demonstrate?

Analytical

Select all that apply Which of the following questions would you use to evaluate alternatives in the third stage of the rational model of decision making? > Is it ethical? > Is it feasible? > Is it ultimately effective? > Is it profitable? > Is it creative?

Is it ethical? Is it feasible? Is it ultimately effective?

Select all that apply Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.) > Coaching > Training > Role modeling > Profits

Coaching Training Role modeling

What is the most valuable competitive resource for a manager who needs alternative solutions to a problem?

Employees with ideas

Select all that apply A recent survey of U.S. companies showed that most companies use AI to do which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) > Enhance current offerings > Optimize internal processes > Replace employees > Make more effective decisions

Enhance current offerings Optimize internal processes Make more effective decisions

What is the third stage of the rational model of decision making?

Evaluate alternatives and select a solution.

______ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.

Formal statements

Jai is a member of a tight-knit team at work that avoids any kind of disagreement. Team members, therefore, avoid considering new ideas. What behavior is Jai's team exhibiting?

Groupthink

Select all that apply Successful implementation of major decisions requires which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) > Reliance on the easy way out of the problem > Ignoring ethical dilemmas > Sensitivity to those affected by the decision > Careful planning

Sensitivity to those affected by the decision Careful planning

Select all that apply Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following? > Status symbols > Rewards > Rites > Stories

Status symbols Rewards

Which of the following is an accurate description of decision making?

The process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action

Which model of decision making explains how managers should use logic to determine the optimal means of furthering the organization's best interests?

The rational model

Which of the following is a primary use of AI among U.S. companies?

To gain competitive advantage

Knowledge of decision-making styles can assist managers in many ways except for which one of the following?

It increases the biases of the manager toward their favorite style.

Select all that apply Which of these assumptions are made in the rational model of decision making? > Managers are able to make logical decisions without prejudice or emotional blind spots. > Managers have complete, error-free information about alternative courses of action and their consequences. > Managers will not be limited by time or money constraints when implementing the chosen solution. > Managers will always select the course of action that they know will most benefit the organization. > Managers will be influenced by their own self-interest when choosing among alternative courses of action.

Managers are able to make logical decisions without prejudice or emotional blind spots. Managers have complete, error-free information about alternative courses of action and their consequences. Managers will always select the course of action that they know will most benefit the organization.

Which models are characteristic nonrational models of decision making?

Models that describe how managers actually make decisions

Select all that apply Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.) > Outcomes > Activities > Processes > Heroes

Outcomes Activities Processes

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?

Physical design

When is the ideal time to assess person-organization fit?

Prior to accepting a position

Evidence-based management attempts to introduce which factor into the decision-making process?

Rationality

When Kendra's manager asked the team to come up with new ideas for attracting people to their trade show booth, Kendra suggested installing a video game in the booth. Which part of the rational decision-making process does Kendra's idea exemplify?

Think up alternative solutions.

CEOs are at a higher risk of being fired for ethical violations than ever before because the public has become less forgiving of unethical behavior.

True Reason: One of the reasons that CEOs are more likely than ever to be ousted for ethical violations is that the public is less forgiving of poor behavior by executives.

Select all that apply Decision-making styles vary along which two dimensions? (Choose every correct answer.) > Value orientation > Risk multiplication > Tolerance for ambiguity > Defensive avoidance

Value orientation Tolerance for ambiguity

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of big data? (Choose every correct answer.) > Web-browsing data trails > Social network communications > Data in corporate databases > Surveillance data > Unrecorded customer interactions

Web-browsing data trails Social network communications Data in corporate databases Surveillance data

Select all that apply What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure? > Who reports to whom > Who specializes in what work > How things get done > How employees are responsible

Who reports to whom Who specializes in what work

An online retailer uses complex data-mining software to evaluate the preferences and buying habits of its customers and makes decisions based on these findings. This is an example of the use of ______ in the decision-making process.

analytics

A consensus is reached when all members are able to express their opinions ______.

and reach agreement to support the final decision

Stores of data that are so large or complex that it is difficult to process them using traditional database management applications are known as ______.

big data

Michelle met with her five employees around a table and asked each of them to take five minutes to write down what they personally thought their new facility should include. She then collected the information and wrote it on the white board for all of them to view and decide upon. Michelle is using the ______ technique.

brainstorming

Rites and rituals, which are activities and ______ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.

ceremonies

A _____ is a choice made from available alternatives.

decision

A graph of decisions and their possible consequences used to create a plan is known as a(n) ______.

decision tree

People with a(n) ______ decision-making style have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are task oriented. They are efficient, logical, and practical in their approach to solving problems and making decisions. Which style do they use?

directive

People with the ______ style of decision making are action oriented and like to focus on facts. They also tend to be autocratic-type managers.

directive

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational ______ varies along two dimensions.

effectiveness

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by ______.

embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements

Soft skills do not have a role in evidence-based decision making.

false Reason: Leaders need to use evidence to strategize, make decisions, communicate with stakeholders, and influence others to execute decisions.

Overconfidence bias is the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way a situation or problem is presented to them.

false Reason: This is the definition of framing bias.

Value orientation reflects the extent to which a person is unethical.

false Reason: It reflects the extent to which a person is either task or people oriented when making decisions.

The degree to which someone's personality and values align with the organizational culture of a firm is called ______.

person-organization fit

The rational model of decision making is considered ______ in that it describes how managers should make decisions rather than how they actually make them.

prescriptive

Even though not everyone in the meeting agreed with the final decision, the group decided to proceed and replace all existing machine parts in the warehouse. In this situation, the group had ______.

reached a consensus

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of ______ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.

rewards

Organizations can use ______, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture.

rites and rituals

Select all that apply Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to: (Choose every correct answer.) > introduce new slogans and sayings > send a strong message about the culture > encourage employee productivity > recreate historical narratives

send a strong message about the culture encourage employee productivity

Heuristics are strategies that ______ the process of making decisions.

simplify

Managers can help to change the organization's culture by paying attention to which ______ they use as narratives to symbolize the organization's vision and values to employees.

stories

When employees share a narrative about an actual event that helped create an aspect of the company's culture, they are relying on ______ to symbolize the company's vision and values.

stories

A company's ______ is the large-scale action plan that encompasses the company's vision and is used to create the direction for the business.

strategy

All of the following are advantages to group decision making except ______.

superiors dominating or intimidating the group

In terms of organizational culture, a ______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.

symbol

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured ______ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values.

training

A decision tree is an analytical tool that can help managers understand the possible consequences of their decisions and to create a plan to reach a goal.

true Reason: A decision tree can graph a number of key issues to consider, including important ethical considerations.

Kendall is frustrated with her co-worker Jill. She feels that Jill doesn't care that their manager seems to be showing favoritism toward the two other members of their team. Jill just focuses on the work she is supposed to do, which demonstrates her ______.

value orientation

Flat organizations generally have few levels with ______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees.

wide

Click and drag on elements in order Place the steps you would use to determine your person-organization fit prior to a job interview in order, with the first step at the top. Choice 1 of 3. Compare your values, strengths, and weaknesses to those of the organization, and prepare questions to ask a potential interviewer regarding P-O fit. Choice 2 of 3. Create a list of the organization's values, strengths, and weaknesses. Choice 3 of 3. Create a list of your personal values, strengths, and weaknesses.

1. Create a list of your personal values, strengths, and weaknesses. 2. Create a list of the organization's values, strengths, and weaknesses. 3. Compare your values, strengths, and weaknesses to those of the organization, and prepare questions to ask a potential interviewer regarding P-O fit.

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of what can function as the first stage in rational decision making by managers? > Low staff turnover > Poor product quality > Customer complaints > Sales shortfalls

>Poor product quality >Customer complaints >Sales shortfalls

Click and drag on elements in order List the steps of the rational model of decision making in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top and the last step listed at the bottom. ? Think of alternative solutions ? Implement and evaluate the solution chosen ? Evaluate alternatives and select a solution ? Identify the problem or opportunity

1. Identify the problem or opportunity 2. Think of alternative solutions 3. Evaluate alternatives and select a solution 4. Implement and evaluate the solution chosen

Select all that apply Which of the following business needs are typically supported by artificial intelligence? (Choose every correct answer.) > Automating business processes > Analyzing data > Interviewing potential job candidates > Engaging customers and employees

> Automating business processes > Analyzing data > Engaging customers and employees

Select all that apply Which of the following are the top challenges associated with AI? (Choose every correct answer.) > Data issues > Enhanced decision making > Implementation > Cost

> Data issues > Implementation > Cost

Select all that apply Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization? > Decorations > Awards > Rituals > Sales > Values

> Decorations > Awards > Rituals

Select all that apply What are common results of groupthink? > Failure to consider new information > Loss of new ideas > Infighting and conflict > Ideas that are too ambitious or unorthodox

> Failure to consider new information > Loss of new ideas

Select all that apply Which of these describe how knowledge of decision-making styles affects managers' work? (Choose every correct answer.) > It enables managers to more accurately blame others for problems. > It reduces managers' ability to predict future challenges. > It allows managers to better identify personal strengths and weaknesses. > It gives managers an understanding of how different people reach different conclusions.

> It allows managers to better identify personal strengths and weaknesses. > It gives managers an understanding of how different people reach different conclusions.

Select all that apply Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture? > More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures > Stronger quality and innovation in hierarchy cultures > Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures > Higher financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures > Higher market share in adhocracy cultures > Higher market share in clan and market cultures

> More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures > Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures > Higher market share in clan and market cultures

Select all that apply Which factors must work in concert to produce successful strategic execution? (Choose every correct answer.) > Employee diversity > Organizational culture > HR practices > Organizational structure

> Organizational culture > HR practices > Organizational structure

Select all that apply Which of these are examples of business analytics? > Portfolio analysis > Time-series forecast > Groupthink > Advertising campaigns > Marketing plans

> Portfolio analysis > Time-series forecast

Select all that apply Which are advantages of ensuring you have good potential fit with an organization before accepting a position? (Choose every correct answer.) > Positive work attitude > Fewer job responsibilities > Reduced work stress > Reduced intention to quit

> Positive work attitude > Reduced work stress > Reduced intention to quit

Select all that apply People with a conceptual decision-making style are likely to do which of the following? > Take risks > Find creative solutions > Rely on intuition > Act autocratically > Focus on the facts

> Take risks > Find creative solutions > Rely on intuition

Select all that apply What are three characteristics that affect decision making by a group? (Choose every correct answer.) > The knowledge of group members > The efficiency of the group > The size of the group > The fact that groups tend to make bad decisions

> The knowledge of group members > The efficiency of the group > The size of the group

Select all that apply In order to implement a particular organizational strategy, managers must determine the right kind of organizational: (Choose every correct answer.) > culture > structure > demonstration > performance

> culture > structure

What is the most common type of AI used today?

Automated business processes

What is the name of a technique used to help groups generate multiple ideas for solving problems in which potential ideas or solutions are collected (sometimes anonymously) and written on a board or flip chart?

Brainstorming

Rather than holding formal meetings in the board room, Kevin prefers meeting with his group over lunch at a restaurant. He feels that his group opens up more during these lunches and opinions are openly exchanged. Which style of decision making does Kevin use?

Behavioral

Which decision-making style is the most people oriented of the four styles?

Behavioral

______ are strategies such as "rules of thumb" that simplify decision making.

Heuristics

What is the primary cause of failure for strategic initiatives?

Improper execution

Select all that apply Which of the following career-readiness competencies relate to evidence-based decision making? > Information technology application > Social intelligence > Computational thinking > Critical thinking and problem solving > Self-motivation

Information technology application Computational thinking Critical thinking and problem solving

Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making?

Intellectual stimulation

Match the dimensions of the competing values framework (CVF) with their descriptions. Instructions > horizontal -> > vertical -> > Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control > Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers

horizontal -> Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers Vertical -> Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control

A person's decision-making style is a combination of how a person perceives something as well as ______.

how they respond to it

The first stage in the rational decision-making process involves ______.

identifying the problem

In the fourth stage of rational decision making, managers will ______.

implement and evaluate the chosen solution

The most cited challenge to artificial intelligence (AI) is:

implementation.