Micro Exam 2 Ch. 7,8,9

The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which the rate of multiplication equals the rate of cell death is the A. stationary phase B. lag phase C. telophase D. death phase E. log phase

A

The reactions of fermentation function to produce ______ molecules for use in glycolysis. A. NAD B. glucose C. NADH D. ATP

A

When microbes in close nutritional relationship and one benefits but the other is not harmed, it is called A. commensalism B. parasitism C. antagonism D. mutualism E. synergism

A

Which of the following is NOT a type of bacterial recombination? A. mitosis B. conjugation C. transformation D. transduction

A

Enzymes that are secreted by a cell to hydrolyze reaction are? A. apoenzymes B. constitutive enzymes C. regulated enzymes D. exoenzymes E. endoenzymes

D

Essential to mainlining pH A. Carbon B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Hydrogen

D

Important component of ATP and phospholipids A. Hydrogen B. Oxygen C. Sulfur D. Phosphorous

D

The non-transcribed region of DNA to which RNA polymerase bonds to initiate transcription is called the? A. exon B. operon C. intron D. promotor E. operator

D

When a fungus produces an antibiotic to prevent bacteria from growing in its environment, this is an example of: A. synergism B. mutualism C. commensalism D. antagonism E. parasitism

D

When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, how many ATP are generated? A. 24 ATP B. 3 ATP C. 38 ATP D. 2 ATP

D

Which of the following is NOT true of conjugation? A. Invloves direct contact between cells B. the donor retains a copy of the transferred genes C. transfers genes for drug resistance D. transfers genes for a polysaccharide capsule E. transfers genes for enzymes and adherence molecule

D

Put the following steps of transcription in the correct order: A. the RNA polymerase synthesizes a strand of mRNA complimentary to the template DNA strands. B. The RNA polumerase contains helicase activity that unwinds the two DNA strands C. The RNA polymerase recognizes a termination sequence and the mRNA transcript is released from the DNA D. The RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to a promotor region of a gene

D, B, A, C

The type of transport mechanism required to transport large solid matter into cells via a vessel is called: A. pinocytosis B. Facilitated diffusion C. exocytosis D. Phagocytosis

D.

A new strand of DNA can only be created in the 5' to 3; direction. True or False

true

The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing is the? A. Lag phase B. Stationary phase C. Prophase D. Death Phase

A

The expression of genetic traits is the: A. phenotype B. proteotype C. proteome D. genotype E. genome

A

A chemical reaction which releases energy is known as a/an ________ reaction. A. exergonic B. thermogonic C. endergonic D. hydrogonic

A

An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is a/an A. obligate anaerobe B. microaerophile C. aerobe D. Obligate aerobe

A

An organism with a temperature growth range of 45° C to 80° C would be called a/an A. thermophile B. facultative psychrophile C. extremophile D. thermoduric E. psychrophile

A

An organisms that derives both it's carbon and energy from consuming organic chemicals is called a: A. chemoheterotroph B. photoautotroph C. photoheterotroph D. chemoautotroph

A

Deamination is: A. the process of removing the amino groups from an amino acid B. the partial oxidation of glucose C. the process of preparing fatty acids to enter the kreb cycle D. the process of removing hydrogen atom

A

Forms the backbone of organic molecules A. Carbon B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Sulfur

A

Microorganisms have an optimal pH and optimal temperature because: A. Their enzymes work best at a particular pH and temp B. Their cell wall deteriorates in low temperatures and at high pH C. Their DNA denatures at low temperatures and at high pH D. They melt high temperatures and at low pH

A

Which of the following statements are correct about passive transport? A. Molecules can move from high concentration to low concentration B. No additional energy is required C. Molecules can move directly between phospholipids or through a transporter protein D. Energy is required E. Molecules can move from low t o high concentration

A, B

Choose all of the following statements that are true about the eukaryotic genome. A. The chromosomes are located in the nucleus B. one of more pairs of linear chromosomes made of double stranded DNA C. Chromosomes are also found in mitochondria and chloroplast D. RNA or DNA genome E. plasmids are smaller circular pieces of DNA that contain additional genes

A, B, C

Which types of microbes are capable of dealing with the toxic effects of oxygen? Choose all that apply A. aerotolerant anaerobes B. facultative anaerobes C. aerobes D. obligate anaerobes

A, B, C

Choose all the correct statement about the characteristics of enzymes. A. Enzymes have an active site for target molecule called substrates B. are the only type of catalyst found in cells C. can be recycled, thus are found at very low concentrations in cells D. enzymes are greatly affected by temperature and pH E. enzymes enable metabolic reactions to proceed at a speed compatible with life F. enzymes are changed in the reactions in which they catalyze G. enzymes raise the activation energy of a reaction

A, C, D, E

Choose the six element that comprise about 96% if the dry weight of cells A. oxygen B. iron C. Potassium D. Phosphorous E. Sodium F. Hydrogen G. Carbon H. Nitrogen I. Sulfur J. Magnesium

A, D, F, G, H, I

Choose all of the following statements that are true about the prokaryotic genome. A. plasmids are smaller circular pieces of DNA that contain additional genes. B. The chromosome are located in the nucleus C. One or more pairs of linear chromosomes made of double stranded DNA D. Chromosomes are also found in the mitochondria and chloroplast E. The chromosomes are located in the nucleoid region F. RNA or DNA genome G. one or a few circular chromosomes made of double stranded DNA

A, E, G

Choose all the statement that correctly pertain to anaerobic cellular respiration A. utilizes 3 steps, glycolysis, kreb cycle, and he lection transport system B. the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule C. only utilizes glycolysis D. results in the productions of alcohols or acids E. produces only 2 ATP molecules F. Produces 2-36 ATP molecules G. the final electron acceptor is oxygen H. the final electron acceptor is oxygen containing ions, such as sulfate, nitrate, or carbonate I. produces 36-38 ATP molecules

A, F, H

Choose all the statements that correctly pertain to aerobic cellular respiration. A. utilizes 3 steps, glycolysis, kreb cycle, and he lection transport system B. the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule C. only utilizes glycolysis D. results in the productions of alcohols or acids E. produces only 2 ATP molecules F. Produces 2-36 ATP molecules G. the final electron acceptor is oxygen H. the final electron acceptor is oxygen containing ions, such as sulfate, nitrate, or carbonate I. produces 36-38 ATP molecules

A, G, I

In _______ conditions, the cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting. A. hypotonic B. isotonic C.hypertonic

A.

A chemical reaction which requires the addition of energy is called a/an ____________________ reaction. A. exergonic B. endergonic C. hydrogonic D. thermogonic

B

A facultative parasite A. Exists only on dead organic matter B. can live on dead or living organic matter C. Exists only on living hosts

B

A gene is: A. a segment of RNA that contains the necessary code to make a protein or DNA B. a segment of DNA that contains the necessary code to make a RNA C. a segment of DNA that contains the necessary code to only make proteins D. a segments of protein that contains the necessary code to make DNA or RNA

B

A microbe that is grow in habitats with a pH above 8 are called: A. basophiles B. alkalinophiles C. neutrophiles D. acidophiles

B

A mutation that results from mistakes made during DNA replication is called __________ mutation. A. harmful B. spontaneous C. beneficial D. induced

B

A mutation that results from mistakes made during DNA replication is called a ______________________ mutation. A. induced B. spontaneous C. harmful D. beneficial

B

An organism that derives both it's carbon and energy from consuming organic chemicals is called a: A. Chemoheterotroph B. Photoherterotroph C. Chemoautotroph D.Photoautotroph

B

An organism with a temperature growth range of 20-40 degree Celsius would be called a/an? A. Psychrophile B. Mesophile C. thermophile D. Thermoduric E. Facultative psychrophile

B

An organisms that derives it's carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide and it's energy from the sun is called as: A. Photoheterotroph B. Photoautotroph C. Chemoautotroph D. Chemoheterotroph

B

An organisms that derives it's carbon from organic chemicals and it's energy from the sun is called: A. Chemoheterotroph B. photoheterotroph C. chemoautotroph D. Photoautotroph

B

Diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane is called? A. endocytosis B. osmosis C. facilitated diffusion D. diffusion

B

During aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is? A. pyruvic acid B. oxygen C. FAD D. Nitrate

B

Each of the following are denaturing agent EXCEPT: A. high temperature B. low temperature C. high pH D. low pH E. alcohol

B

Enzymes that are always present, regardless of the amount of substrate are? A. apoenzymes B. constitutive enzymes C. regulated enzymes D. exoenzymes E. endoenzymes

B

Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one A. nucleotide B. amino acid C. protein D. purine

B

How many carbon dioxide molecules are produced by the complete aerobic breakdown of one glucose molecule? A. 2 B. 6 C. 4 D. 5

B

Important for the structure of protein, DNA, RNA and ATP? A. Carbon B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Sulfur

B

In a redox reaction, the oxidized molecule or atom A. becomes more positive B. donates an electron C. receives an electron D. gains energy

B

In a redox reaction. the reduced molecule or atom A. becomes more positive B. receives an electron C. loses energy D. donate an electron

B

In the genetic code, each amino acid is represented by several codons, allowing for the insertion of the correct amino acid sometimes even when there is a mistake. This illustrates which characteristic of the genetic code? A. conservancy B. redundancy C. triplicate D. universal

B

Metabolism is? A. only the catabolic reaction that take place in the cell. B. All of the reactions that take place in the cell C. only the anabolic reaction that take place in a cell D. How fast an organism can move

B

Microorganisms require large quantities of this nutrient for use in cell structure and metabolism A. growth factor B. macronutrient C. water D. Trace elememt E. Element

B

The ____ is all of the genetic material of a cell A. plasmid B. genome C. chromosome D. proteome E. prophage

B

The enzyme which is the main enzyme responsible for building the new strand of DNA during bacterial DNA replication is? A. Primase B. DNA polymerase III C. helicase D. ligase

B

The time it takes for a bacterial cell to divide by binary fission into two new cells is called the? A. Death phase B. Generation time C. culture time D. binary fission

B

This molecule is synthesized as a copy of a gene on the DNA template A. transfer RNA B. messenger RNA C. primer RNA D. ribosomal RNA

B

Which of the following are components of ATP? choose all that apply. A. Deoxyribose B. Three phosphate groups C. ribose D. Adenine

B, C, D

Base pairs in DNA are held together by ____ bonds. A. polar covalent B. peptide C. non polar covalent D. hydrogen

D

Choose all the statements that correctly pertain to fermentation. A. utilizes 3 steps, glycolysis, kreb cycle, and he lection transport system B. the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule C. only utilizes glycolysis D. results in the productions of alcohols or acids E. produces only 2 ATP molecules F. Produces 2-36 ATP molecules G. the final electron acceptor is oxygen H. the final electron acceptor is oxygen containing ions, such as sulfate, nitrate, or carbonate I. produces 36-38 ATP molecules

B, C, D, E

Put the following steps of translation in the correct order: A. Elongation continues with tRNA molecules bringing new amino acids to the ribosome and empty tRNA molecules leaving B. The mRNA forms a complex with the ribosomal subunits and the first tRNA C. The ribosome reaches a stop codon, and he polypeptide is released from the robosome. D. A peptide bonds is catalyzed between the first 2 amino acids E. A tRNA ,molecule brings in the second amino acid to the ribosome

B, E, D, A, C

Which statement is correct about prokaryotic gene expression. Choose all that apply. A. transcription and translation occur in separate cellular compartments B. translation can occur prior to the completion of transcription. C. the mRNA must be modified prior to translation D. transcription must be completed prior to the initiation of translation E. Transcription and translation occur in the same cellular compartment F. one mRNA can contain the code for more than one gene

B, E, F

All of the following pertain to transcription EXCEPT: A. Occurs before translation B. Occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm C. Requires a template DNA strand D. Requires RNA polymerase E. Is a process of gene expression

B.

Solution A has a higher concentration than solution B. Solution A is ______ to solution B. A. Isotonic B. Hypertonic C. hypotonic

B.

A obligate saprobe A. can only live on dead or living organic matter B. exists only on living hosts C. Exists only on dead organic matter D. prefer dead organic matter, but could also live on a host

C

A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called a/an A. translation B. transcription C. mutation D. alteration E. regeneration

C

During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed? A. processing of pyruvic acid for the Kreb cycle B. All phases produce the same number of ATP molecules C. Electron transport D. Glycolysis

C

Each nucleotide consists of A. two phosphate, one nitrogenous base, two sugar B. two phosphate, one nitrogenous base, one sugar C. one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, one sugar D. two phosphate, two nitrogenous base, one sugar

C

Glycolysis: A. Uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP and requires oxygen B Uses 2 ATP, produces 2 ATP, without oxygen C. Uses 2 ATP, produces 4 ATP, without oxygen D. Uses 2 ATP, produces 2 ATP and requires oxygen

C

In which pathway is the most NADH generated? A. Alcoholic fermentation B. glycolysis C. Krebs cycle D. mixed acid fermentation

C

Osmophiles regulate osmotic pressure by? A. changing their cell wall to provide additional osmotic protection B. releasing salt into the environment C. absorbing salt from the environment D. excluding salt from the environment

C

The E. coli that normally live in the human large intestines and produce vitamin K that the body uses would be best termed a _______ relationship. A. parasitic B. Synergistic C. mutualistic D. Antagonistic

C

The anti parallel arrangement within DNA molecules refers to? A. Each base bonding at the 1' position of the sugar B. a purine always bonding to pyrimidine C. one helix strand runs from the 5' to 3' direction and the other strand runs from 3' to 5' directions D. an original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule

C

The complimentary strand of DNA to the strand written below is: 5'ATGCTAG3' A. 3"TAGCATC5' B. 5'TACGATC3' C. 3'TACGATC5' D. 3'ATGCTAG5'

C

The enzyme responsible for removing primer, closing gaps, and repairing mismatches is called? A. helicase B. ligase C. DNA polymerase I D. primase E. DNA polymerase III

C

The enzyme the responsilbe for unzipping the two DNA strands at the beginning of DNA replication is called? A. primase B. topoisomerace I C. helicase D. ligase

C

The most common electron carrier molecule used in cellular respiration is? A. FAD B. coenzyme A C. NAD D. NADP

C

The phase of bacterial growth curve that shows the maximum rate of cell division is the? A. Prophase B. Stationary phase C. Exponential phase D. Lag phase

C

When microbes live independently (free-living) but cooperate to accomplish something that they could not accomplish individually, it is called A. commensalism B. antagolism C. synergism D. parasitism E. mutualism

C

Which of the following is not a type of bacterial DNA recombination? A. transformation B. conjugation C. mitosis D. transduction

C

Which types of microbes are capable of dealing with toxic effects of oxygen? Choose all that apply. A. Facultative anaerobes B. obligate anaerobes C. aerotolerant anaerobes D. Aerobes

C, D

Which statement is correct about eukaryotic gene expression. Choose all that apply. A. transcription and translation occur in separate cellular compartments B. translation can occur prior to the completion of transcription. C. the mRNA must be modified prior to translation D. transcription must be completed prior to the initiation of translation E. Transcription and translation occur in the same cellular compartment F. one mRNA can contain the code for more than one gene

C, D, A,

Which of the following statements are correct about ATP. Choose all that Apply. A. The high energy of ATP comes from high energy covalent bonds between the ribose and adenine. B. ATP is a long term energy storage molecule C. The hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate is an exergonic reactions D. ATP is the main energy currency of the cell E. ATP can be created through substrate level phosphorylation or oxidative phosphorylation

C, D, E

Important for the structural stability of proteins. A. Hydrogen B. Oxygen C. Sulfur D. Phosphorous

C.

Required for the metabolism of aerobes? A. Carbon B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Sulfur

C.

Competent bacterial cells can absorbs fragments of DNA from the environment in a process called? A. binary fission B. conjugation C. transduction D. Transformation

D

A bacteriophage transfers DNA of the previous host to the current host. This is an example of A. binary fission B. transformation C. conjugation D. transduction

D

A halophile would grow best in ? A. hot geyser springs B. fresh water ponds C. acid pools D. salt lakes

D

A microbe that is grown in habitats with a pH below 5 are called: A. basophiles B. alkalinophiles C. Neutrophiles D. Acidophiles

D

All the following pertain to transscription EXCEPT: A.requires a template DNA strand B. occurs before translation C. requires RNA polymerase D. occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm

D

An organism that cannot grow without oxygen is a/an A. aerobe B. aerotolerant anaerobe C. microaerophile D. obligate aerobe

D

An organism who does not require oxygen for its metabolism, but when oxygen is available it can perform aerobic respiration is called: A. Microaerophile B. Aerobe C. Obligate anaerobe D. Facultative anaerobe

D

An oxidase detection test can be used to identify certain bacteria because they lack A. NAD B. Coenzyme A C. mitochondria D. Cytochrome c oxidase

D

As the electron transport carriers shuttle electrons, they actively pump _____ into the outer membrane compartment setting up a concentration gradient called the proton motive force. A. NADH B. ATP C. oxygen D. Hydrogen ions E. phosphate

D

During replication, each parent DNA strand serves as a _____ for synthesis of new DNA strands. A. reservoir B. copy point C. scaffold D. comparison molecule E. template

E

Enzymes that function inside a cell are? A. apoenzymes B. constitutive enzymes C. regulated enzymes D. exoenzymes E. endoenzymes

E

Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to build a polypeptide would be called A. fermentation B. exergonic C. glycolysis D. phosphorylation E. anabolism

E

If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the anticodon is A. ACG B. UGC C. CGT D. GCA E. CGU

E

RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA A. has ribose B. has uracil C. is typically one strand of nucleotides D. does not have thymine E. all of the choices are correct

E

when microbes live independently ( free-living) but cooperate to accomplish something that they could not accomplish individually, it is called? A. mutualism B. antagonism C. commensalism D. parasitism E. synergism

E

After binary fission, the new cells will differ genetically. True or False

False

All mutations are harmful to the cell. True or False

False

All mutations will result in a change in phenotype True or False

False

Bacteria have an average generation time of 24 hours. True or False

False

DNA replication proceeds in one direction around the bacterial chromosome. True or False

False

In metabolism, endergonic and exergonic reactions are coupled. The energy released from an endergonic reaction is used to fuel exergonic reactions. True or False

False

Microbes can utilize only carbohydrates for energy production. True or False

False

The covalent bonds between the nitrogenous base of DNA can easily be broken allowing the two strands to come apart during DNA replication. True or False

False

The hydrolysis of ATP is an example of an endergonic reaction. True or False

False

Vertical gene transfer involves the transfer of genes from a source other than a parent True or False

False

DNA mutations that are repaired prior to cell division will not be passed onto the next generation. True or False

True

Facilitated diffusion and active transport both require a carrier protein to mediate the movement across the plasma membrane. True or False

True

Hydrolysis reactions are catabolic reactions that use water to split the reactant into smaller subunits. True or False

True

In redox reactions, the cell usually transfers electrons as a part of a hydrogen atom. True or False

True

In redox reactions, the cell usually transfers electrons as part of a hydrogen atom. True or False

True

Most microbes that are part of the human flora and pathogenic microbes have optima temperatures between 30-40° C True or False

True

Mot microbes that are part of the human flora and pathogenic microbes have the optima temperature between 30-40 degree Celsius True or False

True

Transcription occurs in the nucleus or at the nucleoid. True or False

True