Micro test 5

Match the pathogen to the disease it causes to test your understanding of microorganisms that cause upper respiratory tract diseases.

1) Common cold - Rhinovirus 2) Diphtheria - Corynebacterium diphtheria 3) Bacterial pharyngitis - Streptococcus pyogenes 4) Otitis media - Streptococcus pneumonia

Match the pneumonia-causing pathogen to its virulence factor to test your understanding of microorganisms that cause lower respiratory tract diseases.

1) Hantavirus - induces inflammatory response 2) Streptococcus pneumoniae - Capsule 3) Histoplasma capsulatum - survival in phagocytes 4) Mycoplasma - pneumonia - adhesins

Order the following structures, from where blood enters the urinary system to the expulsion of urine, to test your understanding of this tract.

1) Kidney 2) Ureter 3) Bladder 4) Urethra

Order the following structures of the upper respiratory tract, going from the uppermost structure to the lowest structure in the tract, to test your understanding of respiratory anatomy.

1) Nasal cavity 2) Pharynx 3) Epiglottis 4) Larynx

Match the statement to the disease it best describes to test your understanding of microorganisms that cause upper and lower respiratory infections.

1) RSV infection - Viral infection characterized by giant multinucleated cells 2) Influenza - Viral infection causing chills, body aches, headache&fever 3) Pertussis - Caused by Bordetella; called "whooping cough"

Match the causative agent to the disease that it causes to test your understanding of nonhemorrhagic fever diseases.

1) Rocky Mountain - Rickettsia rickettsia 2) Brucellosis - Brucella abortus 3) Q fever - Coxiela burnetii 4) Cat Scratch Fever - Bartonella henselae

Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) causes

All of the choices are correct.

Choose the statement that best describes the normal biota of the upper respiratory tract.

Contains a variety of microbes including some that can cause serious disease

True or False - Evaluate the truth of the following statement to test your understanding of the disease mechanism of influenza: "The influenza virus is able to decrease the effectiveness of the host immune response by a mechanism called antigenic drift, which involves the swapping of gene strands with other influenza viruses."

False

E. Coli O157:H7

bloody diarrhea w/development of hemolytic uremic syndrome in 10% of patients

E. Coli

causative agent of the most common bacterial forms of cystitis & pyelonephritis.

Proteus mirabilis

causes a bacterial infection that leads to kidney stones w/severe pain.

Shigella dysenteriae

diarrhea containing blood & mucus from the HI tract E. Coli O157:H7 - bloody diarrhea w/development of hemolytic uremic syndrome in 10% of patients.

Vibrio cholerae

diarrhea described as rice water stools

Hepatitis B virus

enveloped DNA virus that is transmitted by blood contact & is associated w/cirrhosis & hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis E virus

fecal-oral route of transmission & infection has no long term consequences except in pregnant women.

Secondary syphilis

fever, headache, & sore throat, followed by lymphadenopathy & a peculiar red or brown rash on all skin surfaces, including the palms & the soles.

Syphilitic tumors called _____ develop in the liver, skin, bone, and cartilage during the tertiary stage of syphilis.

gummas

Primary syphilis

hard, painless chancre at site of spirochete entry.

Nector americanus & Ancylostoma duodenale

hookworm-larvae hatch outside the body & infect by penetrating the skin.

Trichuris trichiura

life cycle A, whipworm, humans are sole host

Enterobius vermicularis

lifecycle A, pinworm, diagnosis by adhesive tape method

Taenia solium

lifecycle C, pork tapeworm, acquired by ingestion of undercooked pork.

Diphyllobothrium latum

lifecycle, fish tapeworm, transmitted by sushi

Campylobacter jejuni

most frequent cause of diarrhea resulting in watery stools, fever, vomiting, headaches, & severe abdominal pain

Tertiary or latent syphilis

neurosyphilis can be rpesent as well as gummas

Ascaris lumbricoides

roundworm-heavy worm loads can retard physical & mental development of children

Leptospira interrogans

spirochete bacterium shed in the urine of infected animals.

Congenital syphilis

syphilis spirochete passes though placenta to infect fetus.

Stronglyoides stercoralis

threadworm-can complete lifecycle w/in the human body or outside in moist soil

Schistosoma haematobium

trematode that lodges in blood vessels of the bladder leading to obstruction.

True or False - Group B Streptococcal infections can cause serious infections in infants through vertical transmission.

true

True or False - Pregnant women are an important risk group for group B Streptococcus infections due to their ability to pass this dangerous organism to the infant during the birthing process

true

True or False - The flushing action of urine is a defense mechanism that prevents microbial invasion of the urinary system.

true

Salmonella typhi

typhoid fever characterized by progressive, invasive infection that leads to septicemia

Select 2 of the correct statements concerning the female genital tract to test your understanding of the normal biota present in the genitourinary tract.

~After puberty, estrogen production leads to glycogen release in the vagina lowering the pH ~After puberty, Lactobacilli dominate discouraging growth of other microbes

Choose the statement that best describes the virulence factor shared by the Yellow fever, Dengue Fever, Ebola, Marburg, & Lassa Fever to test your understanding of hemorrhagic fever diseases.

~Associated w/disruption of clotting factors

Select 3 of the statements that apply to gonorrhea to test your understanding of genitourinary tract diseases characterized by discharge.

~Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae a gram-negative diplococcus ~Infection can render both males and females sterile ~Can result in eye and respiratory infections of neonates during birthing process

Select THREE of the statements that apply to the hemorrhagic disease yellow fever.

~Caused by an arbovirus ~Virus causes capillary fragility & disrupts the blood clotting system ~Vector is the mosquito

Select 3 of the statements that apply to HIV & AIDS.

~HIV can infect &/or destroy many of the very cells needed to combat it, including the helper (T4 or CD4) class of lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, & even B lymphocytes ~Neonates who have escaped HIV infection prior to & during birth can still become infected through nursing ~HAART, short for highly active antiretroviral therapy, has reduced the rate of HIV drug resistance

Select 4 of the correct statements pertaining to the protective characteristics of urine to test your understanding of the natural defenses of the genitourinary tract.

~Has acidic pH ~Contains secretory IgA ~Contains lysozyme which breaks down peptidoglycan ~Contains lactoferrin an iron-binding protein.

Match the statement to the disease that it most accurately describes to test your understanding of cardiovascular system infections.

~Infectious mononucleosis - symptom include sore throat, high fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, & fatigue. ~Lyme disease - spirochete is transmitted by hard ticks & an early symptoms is a lesion that looks like a bull's eye. ~Plague - the bacterium is injected by the bite of a flea, enters the lymph & is trapped in a lymph node where it results in a swollen necrotic lesion called a bubo. ~Tularemia - bites by a vector are the most common source of infection but maybe cases result when the skin or eyes are inoculated through contact w/infected animals such as rabbits.

Select the 2 correct statements concerning mumps, a gastrointestinal tract disease.

~Inflammation of the salivary glands ~Humans are the only host for the virus

Select 3 of the statements that apply to subacute endocarditis to test your understanding of cardiovascular disease caused by microorganisms.

~Most often caused by low pathogenicity oral streptococci ~Almost always preceded by some form of damage to heart valves ~Prevention involves prophylactic antibiotic therapy before invasive procedures

Select 4 of the statements that apply to healthcare-associated or nosocomial pneumonia to test your understanding of the differences between healthcare-associated & community-acquired pneumonia.

~Often are polymicrobial in origin ~Bacteria enter lower respiratory tract due to abnormal breathing ~Bacteria enter lower respiratory tract due to mechanical ventilation ~Can be caused by coliform bacteria

Match the causative agent to the disease that it causes to test your understanding of cardiovascular system infections.

~Plague - Yersinia pestis ~Tularemia - Franscisella tularensis ~Lyme Disease - Borrelia burgdorferi ~Infectious mononucleosis - Epstein-Barr virus

Select 4 of the accessory organs of the gastrointestinal system that add digestive fluids to test your understanding of the anatomy of the gastrointestinal system.

~Salivary glands ~Liver ~Gallbladder ~Pancreas

Select 4 of the correct tissues that make up GALT to test your understanding of the defenses present in the gastrointestinal tract.

~Tonsils and adenoids in the oral cavity ~Lymphoid tissues in the esophagus ~Peyer's pathches in the small intestine ~Appendix

Select 2 of the correct statements about dental caries (tooth decay) to test your understanding of GI tract diseases caused by non-helminthic microorganisms.

~Tooth decay is the most common infectious disease of humans ~Decay is due to metabolic action of the bacteria

Select 4 of the correct answers concerning trichinosis to test your understanding of GI tract infections caused by helminths that cause muscle & neurological symptoms.

~Transmitted by Trichinella in infected pork ~No intermediate host is present in the lifecycle ~The larvae is released from its cyst due to digestion in the stomach and intestine ~A cure is not available once the larvae have encysted in muscle

Which of the following is the first (uppermost) structure of the lower respiratory tract?

Trachea

True or False - Anthrax is a good potential bioterrorism weapon because Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming bacterium that initiates disease symptoms that mimic many other infections.

True

True or False - Like the nervous system, the cardiovascular & lymphatic systems are closed systems w/no normal access to microbes from the external environment.

True

True or False - Tuberculosis is a disease of poverty since susceptibility is increased in the face of inadequate nutrition and poor access to medical care.

True

Hepatitis C virus

RNA virus transmitted by blood contact & results in liver failure.

Which group is at greatest risk for group B Streptococcus infection?

Neonates

Choose the statement that describes the normal biota of the cardiovascular system in a healthy state to test your understanding of the cardiovascular system.

No microorganisms colonize the cardiovascular system

Choose the statement that best describes second-line (secondary) immune defenses of the respiratory tract.

Phagocytic cells inhabit the alveoli and tonsils