MicroB 2800 Ch.5: Viral Structure and Multiplication

Which of the following is the term for an animal virus that has integrated its DNA into the DNA of a host cell? Latent virus Prophage Indirect virus Provirus

Provirus

What name is given to a phage "type" which can incorporate itself into the host genome as a lysogenic prophage? Temperate Latent Prophage Lytic Lysogenic

Temperate

What is the term for a type of virus that parasitizes other viruses infecting the same host cell? Virophage Lysogen Bacteriophage Oncophage Prophage

Virophage

Which of the following is true regarding viruses? Though not strictly cellular, viruses are very similar to cells in their structure Viruses are not cellular Viruses are single-celled.

Viruses are not cellular

Any virus that specifically infects bacteria is called a(n) _______.

bacteriophage

Lysogeny is best described as ____. fragmentation of the host chromosome lysis of the host cell integration of the viral genome into the host chromosome replication of virions

integration of the viral genome into the host chromosome

The type of penetration that occurs when viruses are taken into the cell followed by engulfment in a vacuole or vesicle is called _______.

endocytosis

Viral transformation by oncogenic viruses implies that the _________. host cell is changed viral genome is changed virus brings exogenous DNA viral capsid and/or spikes are changed

host cell is changed

Viruses are best described as _____ rather than "dead". attenuated alive inactive

inactive

When a bacterium acquires a new trait from its temperate phage, it is called ______. prophage expression oncogenic transformation lysogenic conversion cytopathic effects

lysogenic conversion

At minimum, all viruses are composed of _______. (all that apply) carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proteins

nucleic acids proteins

Viruses which can lead to cancer are called ______. carcinoviruses cancerviruses oncoviruses persistent viruses

oncoviruses

Infections in which cells harbor the virus but are not immediately lysed are called ______ infections.

persistent

Single-stranded RNA genomes that are ready for immediate translation into proteins are called _____ RNA. negative-sense positive-sense retroviral segmented

positive-sense

Phage DNA that is latently incorporated into the bacterial host genome is called a ______.

prophage

At minimum, all viruses are composed of ____. (all that apply) proteins carbohydrates nucleic acids lipids

proteins nucleic acids

An animal virus which has integrated its DNA into the DNA of its host cell is called a(n) _____.

provirus

Because it synthesizes DNA directly from RNA using reverse transcriptase, HIV is described as a(n) _____.

retrovirus

An enzyme capable of taking an RNA genome and generating a DNA copy is called _____. reverse transcriptase reversable genetics retro transcriptase reverse translation

reverse transcriptase

Unlike cellular organisms, viruses are unable to ____. replicate within a host cell synthesize their own proteins cause true diseases attack cells of the human immune system

synthesize their own proteins

A single virus particle could contain a genome consisting of ______. (all that apply). DNA only neither RNA or DNA both RNA and DNA RNA only

DNA only RNA only

Which of the following term describes the total nucleic content of a virus? Genome Capsid Gene Chromosome DNA mRNA

Genome

A segmented RNA genome is one in which____. Individual genes exist within the genome The RNA needs to be reverse transcribed to DNA Individual genes exist on separate pieces of RNA There are multiple capsids for the genome

Individual genes exist on separate pieces of RNA

What term refers to a virus that can lead to cancer? Carcinogenic virus Mutagenic virus Oncogenic virus

Oncogenic virus

Which of the following best describes the relationship between viruses and their host cell? Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism

Parasitism

Which of the following is used to describe the phage DNA that is latently incorporated into the bacterial host genome? Temperate Bacteriophage Persistent infection Prophage Lysogenic

Prophage

Which term refers to the physical rupture of a cell? Lysis Lysogeny

Lysis

list the correct order of viral life cycle phases, starting with the first at the top: synthesis release assembly adsorption penetration/uncoating

adsorption penetration/uncoating synthesis assembly release

At minimum, viruses are composed of nucleic acid and a ____ comprised of protien.

capsid