Microbilogy Chapter 16 Homework

Select all of the answers that illustrate examples of natural defense present in the skin.

-Antimicrobial peptides, which disrupt membranes of bacteria -Lysozyme, which breaks down peptidoglycan -Keratin, which prevents microbe penetration -Sloughing of skin, which removes attached microbes

Select all of the statements that apply to keratitis, a serious eye infection.

-Blindness due to herpes is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the United States. -Keratitis can be caused by a eukaryotic organism. -Acanthamoeba infection can cause keratitis, especially in those who wear contact lenses.

Select all the statements that apply to the pathological aspects of impetigo, a skin disease.

-Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogens are the causitive organisms. -The most common modes of transmission are direct and indirect contact

Select all the statements that apply to antimicrobial peptides serving as a natural defense present in the skin.

-They are found in epithelial cells. -They act by disrupting membranes of bacteria. -They occur in many different types.

Fifth Disease

-is a childhood febrile disease with a bright red rash on the cheeks -is caused by Parvovirus B19 -has maculopapular rash that lasts for days to weeks -cannot be prevented at this time with vaccination

Select all of the statements that apply to bacterial conjucnctivitis.

-it is caused by more than one type of bacteria -in children and adults, prevention is through good hygiene

1) How many outbreaks of measles occured from January to April 2015 in the United States? 2) Of the cases in those outbreaks, what percentage occured in persons that were either invaccinated or of unknown vaccination status? 3) The largest of the outbreaks was associated with what? 4) What made this a likely venue for the transmission of measles? 5) What were the two most common reasons for lack of vaccination in the patients from the outbreak during this time span? 6) The graph of cases from the california outbreak matches the expected onset of cases based on the exposure dates and the incubation perious for this disease. 7) Measles is a notifiable disease. 8) What category of agents is responsible for measles infection? 9) How is measles spread? 10) What is the recommended vaccination schedule for preventing measles infection? 11) Measels is a mild skin infection with no identified complications.

1) 4 2) 80% 3) Disney them park in california 4) large number of international visitors 5) Personal beliefs, ineligible because of age or medical conditions 6) True 7) True 8) Virus 9) Droplet transmission 10) two doeses by age 6 11) false

1) What was the most likely source of the endospores the patient came in contact with leading to infection? 2) Which form of treatment should be administered to the patient at this time? 3) Vaccination could have prevented the development of this disease in the patient.

1) Animals and animal hides 2) Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, or Levofloxacin 3) True

1) Based upon all of the information obtained through specimen testing, along with the patient's symptoms, the pathogen is most likely _______. 2) Based upon this identification, what was the most likely mode of transmission of this pathogen? 3) Based upon this diagnosis, what disease is the patient suffering from?

1) Bacillus anthracis 2) Direct contact eith endospores 3) Cutaneous anthrax

"Rash of Symptoms" 1) Based upon the data, it appears that the measles vaccine should be taken off the market as itis not effective. 2) You note that, for some unknown reason, in one year there was a significant reduction in the vaccination rate worldwide. Based upon the data, which year may this have been? 3) Based on the data, which year exhibited that greatest reduction in the number of measles cases worldwide?

1) False 2) 1980 3) 1984-1986

"A Rash of Symptoms" 1) Thinking about what you have learned, infection with measles virus leads to which type of immunity? 2) One ai of vaccination is to induce ________ immunity, which reduces the likelihood that nonimmune individuals will contract and spread infection. 3) FIfth disease and measles are both maculopapular rash diseases. A difference between measles and fifth disease is that_____________. 4) Why did the physician report Wyatt's infection to the state health department?

1) Natural, active immunity 2) Herd 3) a protective vaccine only exists against measles virus 4) Measles is a notifiable infection

1) According to the speaker, genetic tests were used to analyze measles virus in this study. Which is a gentypic method that may have been used in this analysis? 2) Which of the following is a correct statement regarding measles virus? 3) The spread of a single strain of measles virus through several European countries from 2008-2011 was facilitated by lack of vaccination in these regions. 4) Patients were determined to have measles through diagnostic testing and the presentation of __________. 5) Most states in the US require children to have _______ doses of measles vaccine, which also protects against __________.

1) PCR 2) 95% vaccination adherence is needed to stop transmission of the virus. 3) True 4) fever, rash, and respiratory symptoms 5) two; mumps and rubella

1) Following assessment by the physician, the child is diagnosed with conjunctivitis. Which of the following is the common name for the disease? 2) The patient's caregiver reports that numerous cases of conjunctivitis have been reported in the child's school. Which of the following is/are the most common method(s) of transmission of bacterial and viral forms of this disease? 3) The causative organism(beacterial or viral) of the patient's infection is not confirmed. The RN may anticipate the treatment plan to include which of the following? 4)The patient's father asks if the child is still contagious after she starts the antibiotic drop? Which of the follwoing is the most appropriate response by the RN?

1) Pinkeye 2) Direct/Indirect contact 3) Antibiotic eye drops and teaching regarding frquent hand washing 4) The patient will no longer be contagious after 24 hours after antibiotics are started if the cause is indeed bacterial. If the symptoms do not improve in 48 hours, further workup may be required.

"A Rash of Symptoms" 1) Measles is caused by_________. 2) Fifth disease, measles, roseola, and rubella are which type of diseases? 3)Measles infection can progress to serious infections, such as pnuemonia or encephalitis.

1) Virus 2) Maculopapular rash diseases 3) True

1) Which of the follwoing actions is most apprpriate by the RN? 2) Which of the following is/are the causative organism(s) of impetigo? 3) In addition to impetigo, Staphyloccus aureus may cause all the following skin infections, except__________. 4) All of the follwing are appropriate descriptors of imetigo lesions, except__________. 5) The RN educates the student about the virlence of S. aureus related lesion formation impetigo. Which of the following statements by the student demonstrates an understanding of this teaching?

1) call the child's mother for pick up as the child is highly contagious. 2) streptococcus pyogens & staphylococcus aureus 3) scarlet fever 4) slightly-rasied rash 5) the bacteria make a toxin that makes it so my skin cells do not bind well

1) The causative organism for measles is a ___________. 2) Which of the following interactions is most liekly to transmit the disease? 3) Which of the following is the most effective method of measles prevention? 4) Which of the following interventions would the RN expect to be utilized for treatment of this patient? 5) The RN provides education to the students at the college regarding measles symptoms. With a high index of suspcion for measles infection, all of the following are likely contagious, EXCEPT:

1) virus 2) sneezing 3) vaccination 4) All of these would be interventions 5) 24-year-old male with no fever and resolving generalized rash

Based upon the patient's symptoms, the most likely diagnosis is______. A staff member in the office is concerned that the state health department needs to be notified of a suspectd case of smallpox infection. The RN caring got the child discusses the distinct difference between the symptoms of chickenpox and smallpox. Which of the following is not true concerning the two diseases? The mother requests antibiotics to treat her daughter's infections. What is the most appropriate action by the RN? The child shares a bedroom with he younger brother, who has not been vaccinated against or infected with chickenpox. He is supposed to go to summer camp in one week. The mother asks if it is safe to let him go to camp. How would the nurse respond?

Chickenpox Smallpox lesions are filled with clear fluid, whereas chickenpox lesions are filled with a thick, opaque liquid and are distinctly indented in the center. Educate the mother that chickenpox does not respond to antibiotics, but is self-limiting and will heal on its own. No, it is not safe for him to go. Since chickenpox has an incubation period of 10-20 days, he could begin exhibiting symptoms at camp.

What enzyme is not found in Staphylococcus epidermidis, but is found in Staphylococcus aureus?

Coagulase

_________ occurs when causitive virus, which is strongly teratogenic, is transmitted to the fetus in utero; it can subsuquently reuslt in miscarriage or multiple pemanent defects in the newborn.

Conginital rubella

Match the statement to the anatomical feature that it most accurately describes to test your understanding of important anatomical features of the eye.

Cornea- The dome shaped central portio of the eye Iris- The colored part of the eye Conjunctiva- Vey thin membrane tissue that covers the eye except the cornea Sclera- White fibrous tissue covering all of the eyeball except the cornea

Which form of anthrax involves a black eschar on the skin?

Cutaneous anthrax

Since the eye's primary function is vision, it is important to have a strong, easily initiated inflammatory response in this region.

False

Choose the statement that best describes staohylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

It is an exotoxin-mediated disease that can be compared to a systemic form of impetigo.

What is the diagnosis of the infection, given the Gram stain, the nature of the lesion, and the test results?

MRSA

In light of your discovery, how would you treat this patient?

Multdrug regimen including vansomycin

What additional test would be advantageous to confirm your initial diagnosis?

PCR

"A Rash of Symptoms" Routine Vaccination OR Vacc Unavailable or Rarely Used for SKIN INFECTIONS

Routine Vaccination: -Measles -Rubella -Chickenpox/Shingles Vaccination Unavailable or Rarely Used: -Fifth disease -Roseola -Impetigo -Smallpox -Superficial mycoses -Anthrax

The provider orders a specimen to be obtained for microbial analysis. What is th emost appropriate site to culture in this case? In the lab, the specimen is Gram-stained and inoculated onto blood agar. Microscopic analysis of the slide reveals gram-positive cocci arranged in grapelike clusters, while the blood agar produces round, creamy colonies with clear areas of hemolysis. Which of the following would be the most likely causative organism? The lab results indicate that the coagulase test was performed. Which result would be consistent with a diagnosis of a. aureus infection? The lesions are diagnosed as S. aureus impetigo. The nurse is educating the mother about why her daughter's effected skin seems so fragile and blisters easily. Which of the following statements is most appropriate?

The lesion itself, since there seems to be a superficial infection. Staphylococcus aureus the sample completely coagulates an exotoxin produced by S. aureus targets a protein responsible for cell-to-cell binding, and blisters are the result.

Choose the statement that best describes the normal biota of the eye.

The normal biota of the eye is larger in numbers and more diverse than previously thought

MRSA infections that occur in individuals who have had no recent history in hospitals or clinics are termed community-acquired or CA-MRSA cases.

True

Measles (rubeola) is assocaited with disabling of the host immune response.

True

Two bacterial genera found as normal biota on human skin are Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus.

True

What is true of viral conjuctivitis?

caused by adenoviruses

Which is incorrect about the MMR immunization?

contains toxoids

The toxin of Staphylococcus aureus that causes blisters and desquamation of the skin in scaled skin syndrome is _________.

exfoliative toxin

Drag the descriptions to their correct category to examine the eye, its defenses, and the spectrum of eye diseases caused by microorganisms.

google docs

Drag the image and/or descriptions to their corresponding class to test your understading of infections caused by S. aureus and S. pyogens

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Drag the labels to complete each of the sentences that compare pathologies of various eye infections.

google docs

Drag the statements or images to the correct category of diesease to examine vesicular an pustular skin disease caused by various microorganisms.

google docs

Examine the status of MRSA infections in the United States today by completing each sentence. Then, arrange the sentences in a logical sequence.

google docs

Label the image with the diseases (orange boxes) or causitive agents listed for a review of microbial infections of the skin and eyes.

google docs

Protective features of the skin include all but

high pH

Smallpox is a disease__________.

in which fever, prostration, rash, and possible texemia and shock occur

MRSAs are Staphylococcus aureus strains that are

resistant to penicillin derivatives.

The smallpox vaccine use the ________ virus.

vaccinia