Microbiology and Pathology Comprehensive Review

What is the term used for a disease that develops after birth?

Acquired

What carrier harbors and disseminates the causative agents of a disease for a long time following recovery from the disease?

Active

Which of the infections occurs with rapid onset and short duration?

Acute infection

Generalized edema of the subcutaneous tissue is called

Anasarca

What infection is one which has a relatively slow onset and a long duration?

Chronic

What type of viral diseases would cause lesions of the skin?

Dermatrophic

What are poisonous substances produced by bacteria and released only when the bacterial cells die or disintegrate?

Endotoxins

What is the term utilized when the disease increases in severity?

Exacerbation

____________ are poisonous substances produced by bacteria and released into the surrounding medium by living cells.

Exotoxins

A bacteria that grows and reproduces best in the presence of oxygen, but can also grow and reproduce in its absence, is a

Facultative anaerobe

Which disease is caused by the member of the genus Staphylococcus?

Food poisoning

A congenital disease is

a disease that begins before birth and is evident at the time of birth

Ringworm arises from

a fungal infection

A poisonous substance produced by a microorganism is

a toxin

Vaccines bring about a type of immunity referred to as

active

Zoology is the study of

animal life

failure of a tissue or organ to develop normally

aplasia

Spore formation is characteristic of only a few species of

bacilli

The identification of a disease is the

diagnosis.

Appendicitis is a disease of the

digestive system

Which of these is an enzyme that dissolves fibrin?

fibrinolysin

A body organ frequently affected by valvular stenosis is the

heart

Petechia are types of

hemorrhages

The presence of a capsule may affect a bacterium by

increasing virulence

It is characteristic of leukemia to be accompanied by a massive proliferation of

leukocytes

A marked decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood is referred to as

leukopenia

Microscopic one-celled animals are called

protozoa

Those bacteria that grow best at a relatively low temperature are

psychrophilic

What disease is caused by francisella tularensis?

rabbit fever

What is caused by a spirochete?

syphilis

The granulomatous lesion of tuberculosis is the

tubercle

Protozoa may be classified as

unicellular

The presence of materials in the blood that are normally found in urine is a condition referred to as

uremia

The study of the smallest microscopic life forms is

virology

The degree of the ability of a microbe to produce disease is measured as

virulence

Poliomyelitis is caused by a

virus

Rod-shaped bacteria that form chain-like arrangements are

streptobacilli

A hemorrhage during which the blood escapes to the inside of the dura mater is called

subdural

Another name for the disease "lockjaw" is

tetanus

The typical lesions of rheumatic heart disease are

Aschoff bodies

What part of the bacterial cell serves to control the osmosis of substances into and out of the cell?

Cell membrane

Arteriosclerosis is a disease primarily involving the

Circulatory system

_________________________ is the study of changes in structure of the body as a result of disease that are readily seen with the unaided eye.

Gross pathology

What is classified as viscerotropic?

Hepatitis

What disease is caused by contact with contaminated blood serum?

Hepatitis type B

Which enzyme is often referred to as "the spreading factor"?

Hyaluronidase

What is classified as pneumotropic?

Influenza

Which require living cells for growth?

Viruses

Which organisms are known as "true fungi"?

Yeasts

Of the following body fluids, the one bearing the closest relationship to hemophilia is

blood

A semi-permeable membrane found just inside the cell wall is called the

cell membrane

A semi-permeable membrane found just inside the cell wall is the

cell membrane

Myocardial infarction is a likely after-effect of

coronary thrombosis

The study of the causes of disease is

etiology

A bacterium that prefers dead inorganic material, but can also obtain nourishment from living organic material is a(n)

faculative parasite

Inflammation of the gums is termed

gingivitis

Racial immunity is an example of

innate immunity

Spread of tumors via the lymph or bloodstream is known as

metastasis.

A benign tumor of muscle tissue is called a(n)

myoma

Rhinitis is a disease associated with the

nose

Inflammation is primarily a

physiological body defense

Accumulation of fluid in the cranial cavity is known as

hydrocephalus

The type of immunity which is the result of placental transfer of antibodies is called

naturally acquired passive

What type of virus would have an affinity for the liver?

Viscerotrophic

The relationship between two organisms in which neither can survive independent of the other is

symbiotic

Those bacteria that grow best at relatively moderate temperature are called

Mesophilic bacteria

Those bacteria that may be capable of forming spores are called

bacilli

Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla are shapes of

bacteria

An agent that destroys bacteria but not necessarily their spores

bactericide

The most often diagnosed viral infection is

common cold

A nevus is

commonly referred to as a mole

A communicable disease which is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree within a community is termed

endemic

Inflammation of the liver is called

hepatitis

Widespread "pin-point" hemorrhages are more commonly known as

petechia

The name for chronic end-stage of liver disease wherein the functional cells of the liver are replaced by a lower form of cells is

cirrhosis

The condition in which the structure and function of the body is altered as a result of injury to the tissues is called

disease

A chronic disorder of the nervous system characterized by attacks causing loss of consciousness and convulsions is

epilepsy

The thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries is called

arteriosclerosis

A gelatinous envelope that surrounds a bacilli is a

capsule

Those bacteria that are spherical in shape are called

cocci

A type of edema which affects the scrotum is

hydrocele

A controlled enlargement of a body organ or part due to an increased in the number of its component cells describes

hyperplasia

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord is

poliomyelitis.

Hydrophobia is a condition often associated with

rabies

Those bacteria that grow best at a relatively high temperature are

thermophilic

What type of bacteria grows best between temperatures of 30 degrees celsius and 40 degrees celsius?

Mesophilic

What disease is also known as epidemic parotitis?

Mumps

What is NOT a factor influencing the occurrence of an infection?

The gram stain reaction of the microbe

Rabbit fever is the common name for the disease

Tularemia

What is the proper name for smallpox?

Variola

A blister-like structure that contains a serous fluid is called a(n)

Vesicle

Which term is defined as a state or condition in which the body or part of the body is invaded by a pathogenic agent that multiplies and produces injurious effects?

Infection

Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by

Rickettsia

The causative agent of typhus fever is

Rickettsia

What is the most common mode of transmission for gonorrhea?

Sexual conduct

The same virus virus that causes chickenpox will also cause a second infection in some individuals. This second infection is known as

Shingles

Which of these describes the virtulence of a true pathogen?

The degree of pathogenicity

The union of two or more adjacent boils results in an inflammatory lesion that is called a(n)

Carbuncle

Those microorganisms that do not normally invade the body of the host to produce disease are

normal flora