Microbiology - Ch 11: Blood-borne Bacterial Diseases

Why is diagnosis of ehrlichiosis is difficult? A. All are correct B. Symptoms are variable from patient to patient C. Many tick-borne disease have similar characteristics and symptoms D. Blood test for antibodies can be negative for the first ten days E. Most people never know they were bitten by a tick

A. All are correct

Which of the following statements about tick bite prevention is FALSE? A. Applying nail polish or heat to a tick is the best removal method B. Always cover exposed skin C. Always perform frequent body-wide tick checks after hiking D. Pulling attached ticks straight up is the best removal method E. Hikers should wear insect repellants containing DEET

A. Applying nail polish or heat to a tick is the best removal method

Which of the following is TRUE of Q fever symptoms? A. Are variable and flu-like B. Are never fatal C. Occur in 100% of patients infected with Coxiella D. Can be used to positively diagnose the illness E. Always include vomiting

A. Are variable and flu-like

The most common mode of acquiring pneumonic plague is: A. By inhaling aerosoled bacteria B. From drinking contaminated water C. From a rat bite D. From fecal-oral contamination E. From a flea bite

A. By inhaling aerosoled bacteria

All of the following are symptoms of toxic shock syndrome EXCEPT A. Numbness and tingling of the extremities B. Body-wide rash C. Peeling skin D. High fever E. Low blood pressure

A. Numbness and tingling of the extremities

Which of the following BEST describes the most common symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever? A. Sudden onset fever, severe headache and rash B. Vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite and rapid weight loss C. Kidney failure and excessive urination D. Fatigue, anemia and paralysis E. Difficulty breathing, rash and rapid muscle wasting

A. Sudden onset fever, severe headache and rash

Toxic shock syndrome is caused by: A. The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus B. The bite of an infected mosquito C. The bacteria Streptococcus mutans D. The fungi Staphylococcus aureus E. The bite of an infected tick

A. The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

Bubonic plague is most often acquired by: A. The bite of an infected flea B. Consuming undercooked rodent meat C. The bite of an infected deer tick D. The bite of an infected prairie dog E. Inhaling aerosolized respiratory droplets

A. The bite of an infected flea

Which of the following is treatment for plague? A. Antifungal itraconazole B. Antibiotics streptomycin or gentamicin C. There is no treatment for plague D. Hospitalization and blood transfusions E. Hospitalization and NSAIDs

B. Antibiotics streptomycin or gentamicin

Which antibiotic is the treatment of choice for anaplasmosis? A. Penicillin B. Doxycycline C. Clindamycin D. Cyclosporine E. Metronidazole

B. Doxycycline

Yersinia pestis is a: A. Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria B. Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria C. Gram-negative, rod-shaped fungus D. Gram-negative, coccus-shaped bacteria E. Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacteria

B. Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria

Which form of plague is associated with black patches of dying skin tissue? A. Pandemic plague B. Septicemic plague C. Hemorrhagic plague D. Bubonic plague E. Pneumonic plague

B. Septicemic plague

Which of the following statements about anaplasmosis is TRUE? A. All patients exhibit the same combination of symptoms B. Symptoms are most likely a result of body-wide inflammation C. Anaplasmosis is a chronic disease that is never fully eliminated D. Treatment depends on the age and sex of the patient E. Symptoms are a result of the synchronized rupture of millions of red blood cells

B. Symptoms are most likely a result of body-wide inflammation

Prevention of tularemia includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. Wear insect repellant B. Thoroughly wash your hands after using the bathroom C. Thoroughly cook all wild game meat D. Avoid mowing over dead animals E. Wear gloves when handling dead wildlife

B. Thoroughly wash your hands after using the bathroom

Which of the following statements about tularemia is TRUE? A. Without treatment, 90% of those infected will die B. With treatment, most people completely recover C. With treatment, relapses don't occur D. With treatment, the disease symptoms are limited to watery diarrhea E. Without treatment, the bacteria can be passed from person to person

B. With treatment, most people completely recover

The symptoms of toxic shock syndrome are a result of: A. Synchronized rupture of millions of red blood cells B. Heart failure C. A major host immune response D. Complications from an opportunistic viral infection E. Rapid dehydration

C. A major host immune response

Typhus fevers can be spread by which of the following? A. Mites B. Ticks C. All are possible carriers D. Lice E. Fleas

C. All are possible carriers

An arthropod vector is: A. Joint pain and inflammation caused by a bacterial infection B. A vaccine that is effective against insects C. An insect or arachnid that can transmit diseases to other organisms D. A relationship between two organisms where both benefit E. A nonhuman mammal that acts as major source of human infection

C. An insect or arachnid that can transmit diseases to other organisms

How is Anaplasma phagocytophilum defined? A. An obligate, intracellular fungus B. An obligate, extracellular protozoa C. An obligate, intracellular bacteria D. An obligate, extracellular bacteria E. An obligate, intracellular protozoa

C. An obligate, intracellular bacteria

How do most people catch anaplasmosis? A. Infected blood transfusions B. Bites from infected Ixodes flies C. Bites from infected Ixodes ticks D. Bites from infected livestock and pets E. Infected organ transplants

C. Bites from infected Ixodes ticks

How do most people become exposed to 'Ehrlichia'? A. Bites from infected mosquitoes B. Bites from infected pets C. Bites from infected lonestar ticks D. Fecal-oral contamination E. Drinking contaminated water

C. Bites from infected lonestar ticks

Which of the following statements about plague is TRUE? A. Plague cannot be passed from person to person B. Bubonic plague involves invasion of the lungs C. Bubonic plague involves invasion of the lymphatic system D. Plague can only be transmitted through a flea bite E. Pneumonic plague involves invasion of the blood stream

C. Bubonic plague involves invasion of the lymphatic system

Coxiella burnetii is commonly found in: A. Aquatic mammals, like beavers and muskrats B. Water contaminated with human feces C. Fluids from cattle, sheep and goats D. Soil E. Undercooked beef and pork

C. Fluids from cattle, sheep and goats

The most common possible route of exposure to Francisella tularensis is: A. By drinking contaminated water B. From contamination of an open wound C. From the bite of an infected tick or fly D. By eating infected rabbit meat E. By inhaling aerosolized bacteria

C. From the bite of an infected tick or fly

The bacteria Francisella tularemia is: A. Gram-negative, non-encapsulated and rod-shaped B. Gram-positive, encapsulated and spiral-shaped C. Gram-negative, encapsulated and rod-shaped D. Gram-positive, encapsulated and coccus-shaped E. Gram-positive, encapsulated and rod-shaped

C. Gram-negative, encapsulated and rod-shaped

Outbreaks of epidemic typhus fever are less likely to occur: A. In poor countries B. In refugee camps C. In developed countries D. In overcrowded villages E. Among soldiers

C. In developed countries

Which of the following is NOT a common source of toxic shock syndrome infection? A. Long-term tampon usage B. A contaminated surgical site C. Low-quality tampons D. A contaminated tattoo site E. A skin abscess

C. Low-quality tampons

Which of the following statements about toxic shock syndrome is FALSE? A. Toxic shock syndrome is a result of a bacterial exotoxin B. About half of all toxic shock syndrome cases are a result of tampon usage C. Only menstruating females can develop toxic shock syndrome D. Both men and women can develop toxic shock syndrome

C. Only menstruating females can develop toxic shock syndrome

Prevention of Lyme disease usually involves: A. Only planting perennial garden shrubs B. Clearcutting all grasses and shrubs C. Reducing tick bites D. Vaccinations E. Prophylactic antibiotics

C. Reducing tick bites

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by A. The bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii acquired through the bite of an infected mosquito B. The bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi acquired through the bite of an infected tick C. The bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii acquired through the bite of an infected tick D. The fungus Rickettsia rickettsii acquired through the bite of an infected tick E. The fungus Rickettsia rickettsii acquired through the bite of an infected mosquito

C. The bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii acquired through the bite of an infected tick

The rash associated with Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a result of A. An allergic reaction to doxycycline B. The massive host immune response to the pathogen C. The damage and rupture of capillaries near the surface of the skin D. An opportunistic fungal infection E. Scratching at the site of the tick bite

C. The damage and rupture of capillaries near the surface of the skin

How do most humans acquire Coxiella? A. From eating undercooked meat B. From a farm animal's bite C. Through inhalation of dried birthing fluids D. From human to human transmission via the fecal-oral route E. From a tick bite

C. Through inhalation of dried birthing fluids

Coxiella burnetii is A. A Gram-positive, extracellular bacteria B. A Gram-positive, intracellular bacteria C. A Gram-negative, intracellular protozoa D. A Gram-negative, intracellular bacteria E. A Gram-negative, extracellular bacteria

D. A Gram-negative, intracellular bacteria

In the United States, Yersinia pestis can potentially infect all of the following animals EXCEPT: A. Prairie dogs B. Chipmunks C. Rats D. All can be carriers E. Mice

D. All can be carriers

Prevention of anaplasmosis includes all of the following EXCEPT A. Promptly and correctly remove attached ticks B. Cover exposed skin C. Avoid tick habitats D. Avoid insect repellants containing DEET E. Perform thorough tick-checks

D. Avoid insect repellants containing DEET

Which of the following statements regarding Borrelia is TRUE? A. All species of Borrelia are found in all countries in equal numbers B. Borrelia burgdorferi is most commonly found in Asia C. Borrelia afzelii is the species responsible for most cases of Lyme disease in the United States D. Borrelia burgdorferi is the species responsible for most cases of Lyme disease in the United States E. Borrelia garinii is common on every continent except Europe

D. Borrelia burgdorferi is the species responsible for most cases of Lyme disease in the United States

The rash associated with typhus fever is a result of: A. A side effect of the antibiotic treatment B. Immune system dilation of all infected blood vessels C. Damaged blood vessels near the skin D. Inflammation at the bite site E. Scratching arthropod bites

D. Inflammation at the bite site

Which of the following is TRUE of antibiotic treatment for typhus fever? A. Is not effective if the patient has a severe infection B. It does not work for very old and young patients C. It does not work because antibiotics target bacteria and typhus is caused by an arthropod D. Is generally very effective in all cases E. Is not effective for cases of epidemic typhus

D. Is generally very effective in all cases

Why is it important to positively identify Ehrlichia infection? A. Treatment should never be given without a positive diagnosis for any disease B. Patients with Ehrlichia are highly contagious and need to be quarantined C. Treatment without a positive diagnosis is illegal D. Misdiagnosis of tick-borne diseases can lead to delayed treatment and long-term problems E. It is impossible to positively diagnose Ehrlichia

D. Misdiagnosis of tick-borne diseases can lead to delayed treatment and long-term problems

Which statement about the differences between epidemic typhus and murine typhus is FALSE? A. Murine typhus is spread by fleas. Epidemic typhus is spread by lice. B. Epidemic typhus is caused by R. prowazekii. Murine typhus is caused by R. typhi. C. Epidemic typhus is more severe than murine typhus. D. Murine typhus can be cured by doxycycline. Epidemic typhus has no cure. E. Epidemic typhus causes high fevers with delirium. Murine typhus causes mild fevers without delirium.

D. Murine typhus can be cured by doxycycline. Epidemic typhus has no cure.

In healthy patients, treatment of ehrlichiosis involves A. Long-term hospitalization, steroids, and intravenous antibiotics B. No treatment is needed C. The antibiotic combo of metronidazole and penicillin D. The antibiotic doxycycline E. Bed rest and intravenous fluids

D. The antibiotic doxycycline

Which of the following statements about Rickettsia is TRUE? A. All spotted fevers are caused by Rickettsia rickettsii B. All species of Rickettsia can cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever C. The bacteria invade the red and white blood cells D. The bacteria is an obligate, intracellular parasite E. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is most common in the Rocky Mountain states

D. The bacteria is an obligate, intracellular parasite

Initial diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is based on A. A combination of several blood tests B. Observation of attached ticks and a bulls-eye shaped rash C. Blood vessel biopsy only D. The combination of symptoms and a recent tick exposure E. Polymerase chain reaction

D. The combination of symptoms and a recent tick exposure

Which of the following BEST provides an example of the way in which most people become exposed to Ehrlichia? Several workers at the XYZ company became sick after drinking water contaminated with erlichia. Jared's new puppy bit him and passed on the infection. Janet first felt ill after eating at a restaurant where food had been contaminated with feces. Sally became sick after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Steven was bitten by a contaminated lonestar tick which led to his infection.

Steven was bitten by a contaminated lonestar tick which led to his infection.

ALL of the following are reasons why a diagnosis of ehrlichiosis is difficult EXCEPT _____. the symptoms of erlichiosis are identical to those of rheumatic fever most people never know they were bitten by a tick symptoms are variable from patient to patient blood tests for antibodies can be negative for the first ten days many tick-borne disease have similar characteristics and symptoms

the symptoms of erlichiosis are identical to those of rheumatic fever

A reservoir host is A. A human host that infects a large number of other humans B. A large pool of water that can serve as a breeding habitat for an infectious organism C. A relationship between two organisms where one causes harm to the other D. An insect that can transmit a disease-causing organism from one host to another E. A nonhuman host that serves as a means of sustaining an infectious organism as a potential source of human infection

E. A nonhuman host that serves as a means of sustaining an infectious organism as a potential source of human infection

Which of the following describes a bubo? A. The genus name of the flea that transmits plague B. A small, chimpanzee-like primate that commonly carries plague C. An invasion of the blood stream by Yersinia pestis D. The classic appearance of Yersinia pestis after Gram staining E. A swollen lymph node associated with bubonic plague

E. A swollen lymph node associated with bubonic plague

An arthropod vector is A. A human host that infects a large number of other humans B. A vaccine that can prevent bites from infected insects and arachnids C. Inflammation and pain of a joint as a result of an insect or arachnid bite D. A nonhuman host that serves as a means of sustaining an infectious organism as a potential source of human infection E. An insect that can transmit a disease-causing organism from one host to another

E. An insect that can transmit a disease-causing organism from one host to another

The three major types of plague are: A. Bubonic, pneumonic, epidemic B. Bubonic, pandemic, septicemic C. Bubonic, mnemonic, endemic D. Bubonic, paralytic, septicemic E. Bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic

E. Bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic

Which of the following would be the most effective preventative for plague infection? A. Avoid unpasteurized milk B. Thoroughly cook your food C. Spay or neuter your pet rodents D. Chlorinate all drinking water E. Quarantine any plague-infected person

E. Quarantine any plague-infected person

Borrelia burgdorferi is A. Coccobacillus-shaped B. Coccus-shaped C. Rod-shaped D. Triangle-shaped E. Spiral-shaped

E. Spiral-shaped

Treatment of Q fever involves: A. A combination of metronidazole and penicillin B. No treatment C. Blood transfusion D. Hospitalization and intravenous fluids E. The antibiotic doxycycline

E. The antibiotic doxycycline