Microbiology- Ch. 12- Drugs, Microbe, Host-The Elements of Chemotherapy

Which anti-influenza medication blocks the initiation of viral RNA synthesis? Multiple choice question. Xofluza Tamiflu Relenza

xofluza

Select all that apply Which are antiviral drugs used to treat influenza? Multiple select question. Xofluza Bacitracin Nystatin Tamiflu Relenza

xofluza, tamiflu, relenza

Tetracycline is an example of which type of drug? Multiple choice question. Broad spectrum Limited spectrum Narrow spectrum Visible spectrum

broad spectrum

___ sp. can cause superinfections of the oropharynx called thrush.

candida

The tolerance of an antimicrobial agent at a level which would normally be inhibitory is called which of the following? Multiple choice question. Synergism Drug resistance Molecular rebound Competitive exclusion

drug resistance

The ___ is an agar diffusion test that can be used on anaerobes, mycobacteria, and fungi.

etest

Which of the following is an agar diffusion test that utilizes gradients of antibiotics on strips? Multiple choice question. MIC Kirby-Bauer Etest

etest

Drugs that are effective against fungi have a strong possibility of being toxic to humans because both organisms are which of the following? Multiple choice question. Prokaryotes Invertebrates Vertebrates Eukaryotes

eukaryotes

True or false: Natural selection for drug-resistant forms of bacteria is rare. True false question. True False

false

True or false: The most effective drugs that treat infections caused by flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms eradicate the adult stages of the organisms. True false question. True False

false

Which of the following techniques is an agar diffusion test to determine antibiotic susceptibility of a particular bacterial strain? Multiple choice question. Therapeutic index Sanger method Kirby-Bauer Southern blot

kirby-bauer

The most effective drugs used to treat infections caused by flukes, tapeworms, and roundworms inhibit ___ at all stages of the life cycle rather than eradicating the adult worms.

metabolism

MIC is the acronym for ___ ___ ___.

minimum inhibitory concentration

Which of the following is not a primary site for action of antimicrobial drugs in bacteria? Multiple choice question. Mitochondria Cell wall Ribosomes Nucleic acids Cell membrane

mitochondria

The Kirby-Bauer technique is not recommended for which bacterium? Multiple choice question. Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes Mycobacterium sp.

mycobacterial sp.

An antibiotic that is only effective against a limited array of different microbes is called a(n) ___ spectrum antibiotic.

narrow

Bacitracin is an antibiotic with which spectra of activity? Multiple choice question. Broad Narrow Selective Visible

narrow

Which term describes the process of some microbes dying while others live in the presence of antimicrobial agents? Multiple choice question. Survival of the fittest Microbial antagonism Evolution Natural selection

natural selection

The outer membrane of some Gram-___ bacteria act as natural barriers to some drugs.

negative

___ reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as nevirapine, bind directly to the reverse transcriptase enzyme and interfere with its activity.

nonnucleoside

In the treatment of HIV infections, ___ directly stop DNA synthesis by being incorporated into the DNA strand, and ___ bind directly to the reverse transcriptase enzyme and interfere with its activity.

nrti; nnrti

Which of the following is an example of drug that blocks bacterial cell wall synthesis and exhibits excellent selective toxicity? Multiple choice question. Penicillin Amphotericin B Tetracycline Sulfa drugs

penicillin

Biofilms are best known to do which of the following? Multiple choice question. Prevent dehydration Reduce drug efficacy Become solid/ridged Release toxins

reduce drug efficacy

Which of the following TIs would be the riskier choice? Multiple choice question. 1.1 2.2 8.8 10

1.1

Which of the following TIs would be the riskier choice? Multiple choice question. 8.8 1.1 10 2.2

1.1

Approximately what percent of infections involve biofilms? Multiple choice question. 40% 80% 60% 20%

60%

Select all that apply Which of the following are side effects associated with antimicrobial drugs? Multiple select question. Allergic reactions Host cell metabolism of drug Damage to host tissues due to toxicity Disruption of normal microflora

allergic reaction, damage to host tissues due to toxicity, disruption of normal microflora

Which of the following is a hypersensitive response to a particular substance by the immune system? Multiple choice question. Cancer Xenograph Tinea Allergy

allergy

Metronidazole is classified as which type of agent? Multiple choice question. Antihelminthic Amoebicide Antifungal Antibacterial

amoebicide

Which of the following is a substance produced by natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or kill other microorganisms? Multiple choice question. Antibiotic Antibody Antithesis Antigen

antibiotic

Griseofulvin is which type of agent? Multiple choice question. Antiviral Antifungal Antibacterial

antifungal

Which "formation" is produced by some microbes which in turn makes them resistant to some antimicrobial compounds and the shear force of moving liquids? Multiple choice question. Biofilm Capsule Fimbriae L-form

biofilm

Bacteria that form ___ are difficult to control because the buildup of cells makes it difficult to for the antibiotic to reach a majority of the cells.

biofilms

Select all that apply Identify the three major modes of action of antiviral drugs. Multiple select question. Blocking virus binding to host cell receptors Blocking virus transcription and translation Preventing virus maturation Blocking incorporation of virus DNA into host genome Barring virus penetration into host cell

blocking virus transcription and translation, preventing virus maturation, barring virus penetration into host cell

An antibiotic that is effective against a wide variety of microbial types is called a(n) ___ spectrum antibiotic.

broad

When a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic is given to a patient with a UTI infection caused by E. coli, one possible side effect is a vaginal infection caused by which fungus? Multiple choice question. Penicillium sp. Aspergillus sp. Candida albicans Fusarium sp.

candida albicans

Select all that apply Which of the following are primary sites for action of antimicrobial drugs in bacteria? Multiple select question. Mitochondria Cell wall Nucleic acids Cell membrane Golgi apparatus (bodies) Ribosomes

cell wall, nucleic acids, cell membrane, ribosomes

The goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy is to ___ the infective agent without harming the ___.

destroy; host

Which of the following is not a side effect associated with antimicrobial drugs? Multiple choice question. Disruption of normal microflora Allergic reactions Damage to host tissues due to toxicity Host cell metabolism of drug

host cell metabolism of drug

An allergy is caused by a hypersensitive response from which system? Multiple choice question. Central nervous Digestive Respiratory Immune

immune

Nephrotoxic drugs are toxic to which of the following? Multiple choice question. Gastrointestinal tract Kidneys Blood-forming tissue Liver

kidneys

The property of an antimicrobial agent to be highly toxic against its target microbe while being far less toxic to the cells of the host organism is called ___ toxicity.

selective

Select all that apply Which of the following are the three factors that should be known before selecting an antimicrobial drug? Multiple select question. The sensitivity of the infecting agent The overall health of the patient The patient's prior history of exposure to the infecting agent The nature of the infecting agent The prevalence of the infecting agent in the community

the sensitivity of the infecting agent, overal health of the patient, the nature of the infecting agent

Which of the following is the ratio of the toxic dose to the effective dose that is used to assess the safety and reliability of the drug? Multiple choice question. Minimum inhibitory concentration Therapeutic index Antibiotic susceptibility factor Antibiogram

therapeutic index

What is the overall goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy? Multiple choice question. To destroy the infective agent without harming the patient To boost the patients immune response in order to destroy the infective agent To provide the patient with immunity against future infections by the microbe

to destroy the infective agent without harming the patient

Select all that apply Metronidazole is used to treat which of the following protozoan pathogens? Multiple select question. Trichomonas vaginalis Entamoeba histolytica Plasmodium Candida albicans Giardia lamblia

trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytics, giardia lamblia

True or false: Antiviral drugs prevent penetration into a host cell, block transcription and translation, and prevent maturation of viral particles. True false question. True False

true

True or false: Microorganisms that produce antibiotics in their natural habitat may have a selective advantage over neighboring microbes. True false question. True False

true

True or false: Most tissues are susceptible to adverse effects caused by the use of antimicrobial therapy. True false question. True False

true

True or false: The nature and sensitivity of the microorganism need to be considered before antimicrobial treatment begins. True false question. True False

true

Which of the following involves serially diluting an antibiotic in order to determine the susceptibility of a test bacterium to the drug? Multiple choice question. Tube dilution Kirby-Bauer Etest Acid fast

tube dilution