Microbiology - Ch. 6 Acellular Pathogens Study Guide
RNA polymerase encoded by the virus
(-)ssRNA is transcribed into (+)ssRNA using which enzyme and by what?
cell
Cancer is a disruption in the __________ cycle.
cytopathic effects
Cell abnormalities resulting from a viral infection are called __________ __________
Shingles
Chicken pox can reemerge as which disease?
eclipse
For lytic viruses, __________ is a phase during a viral growth curve when the virus is not detected
Eating infected meat through cannibalism
How is kuru transmitted?
Fomite
If you borrow a friends cell phone and you contract a virus from the cell phone, the cell phone is called a __________
-viridae
In naming viruses, the family name ends with __________
-virus
In naming viruses, the genus name ends with __________
protooncogenes
In normal cells __________ promote normal cell division.
DNA or RNA and the capsid
Naked viruses are made of genetic material __________ or __________ and the __________
cDNA
Reverse transcriptase is used to generate which nucleic acid from RNA?
Indirect contact
Rhinovirus (the common cold) caused by Enterovirus is spread through aerosol droplets in the air after an infected person sneezes. What kind of transmission is this considered?
lysogenic, lytic, specialized
The __________ cycle, reactivating as the __________ cycle, followed by __________ transduction
Spikes
The components of a virus that are extended from the envelope for attachment are the:
Membrane structures
The envelope of a virus is derived from the host's __________ __________
Induction
The excision of the viral genome from the host chromosome is known as which of the following?
Beijerinck
Which scientist concluded that Tobacco Mosaic Disease was caused by an infectious 'fluid' or poison? Poison in Latin is virus and this is the origin of the term virus.
nm
Which unit of length best describes the average size of a virion?
Lytic cycle
Which viral cycle leads to the destruction of the host cells?
Ivanovski
Who was the scientist responsible for first discovering viruses (specifically, tobacco mosaic virus)?
electron
Viruses can be diagnoses and observed using an __________ microscope
tissue tropism
Viruses only infect certain types of cells within tissues, this is known as __________
Endocytosis and membrane fusion
What are the two ways animal viruses gain access to animal cells?
Prions
What infectious agents do NOT have a nucleic acid?
Mononucleated cell
What is NOT a cytopathic effect?
It is an infectious cellular pathogen
What is NOT a property of a virus?
Some viruses enter the cell and lyse it
What is NOT a way in which viruses cause cancer?
Reverse transcriptase
What is a novel enzyme found in retrovirus?
Naked
What is another name for a non-enveloped virus?
Reverse transcriptase
What is brought into a cell by HIV?
Virion
What is the infections stage outside of the cell?
Serum
What is the liquid portion of blood that does not contain clotting factors?
Transduction
What is the name for the transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another bacterium by a phage?
1. attachment 2. penetration 3. biosynthesis 4. maturation 5. lysis
What is the order of viral replication?
Helical
What is the shape of the Ebola virus?
They are a rogue form of protein, PrP
What is true of prions?
Virus
What stage of a pathogenic acellular organism is inside the host cell?
PCR, RT-PCR, and EIA
What tests can be used to detect the presence of a specific virus?
Direct contact
What type of contact would zoonosis be considered?
Adenovirus
What virus does not cause latent infections?
prophage
When a phage genome is integrated into a host genome it is known as a __________
Transduction
Which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer relies on the use of viruses?
Biological vectors
Arthropods typically serve as which mechanism of transmission for viruses?
The viral genome
The Baltimore classification system describes viruses according to what characteristic?
can be used directly to translate viral proteins
A positive-strand RNA virus:
provirus
A viral genome that is integrated into an animal genome is known as a __________
Release
A virus obtains its envelope during which of the following stages?
False
Acellular pathogens can create ATP. True or False.
Viroid
An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and capable of replicating its genome is known as a __________.
Virusoid
An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and is not capable of replicating its genome is known as a __________.
reverse transcriptase
An enzyme from HIV that can make a copy of DNA from RNA is called __________ __________
host range
Bacteriophage can only infect bacteria, this is known as their __________ __________
RNA
Both viroids and virusoids have an __________ genome
Biological vector
Some of the viruses that are spread through mosquito bites are viruses in the genus Flavivirus, one of which is West Nile Virus which causes Nile Fever. The mosquito in this case is a __________
True
Some viruses can cause cancer. True or false.
mother to child
Some viruses like HIV can not only be transferred through sexual contact and using dirty needles, but also through transplacental fluid transfer from __________ to __________
1. attachment 2. penetration 3. biosynthesis 4. maturation 5. lysis
Stages of the viral lytic cycle
contact, fomites, and vectors
The three types of transmission of viruses are direct and indirect __________, __________, and __________
prion
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, are cause by a __________?
Capsomeres
__________ are protein subunits that make up the capsids
Carcinogens
__________ are things like UV light, radiation chemicals or even viruses that cause cancer.
Rhinovirus
__________ is not known to cause cancer.
Zoonosis
__________ is when a virus is transmitted from an animal to a human
Virusoids
__________ require a helper virus to reproduce
