Microbiology Ch.3 Connect

Select all that apply Which appendage(s) provide motility? -flagellum -axial filaments -glycocalyx -fimbriae

-flagellum -axial filaments

Select all that apply The functions of the cell wall include ______. -containing the components for cellular respiration -the storage of nutrients -maintaining the shape of the bacterium -preventing destruction with changes in osmotic pressure

-maintaining the shape of the bacterium -preventing destruction with changes in osmotic pressure

The cell envelope is composed of the cell _____ and the cell ________

-wall -membrane

Which cell structure is designed to provide shape, support and resistance to osmotic pressure? -Cell wall -Flagellum -Cell membrane -Glycocalyx

Cell wall

Select all that apply Which two macromolecules are the major components of cell membranes? -Carbohydrates -Nucleic acids -Proteins -Lipids -Waxes

Proteins Lipids

Each of the following is found in all bacterial cells EXCEPT ______. -a cytoplasmic membrane -a glycocalyx -ribosomes -cytoplasm

a glycocalyx

Select all that apply The two main components of the cell envelope in most bacteria are the ______. -capsule -cell wall -cell membrane -biofilm -glycocalyx

cell wall cell membrane

To move towards a chemical attractant by flagellar motion is referred to as positive ____________

chemotaxis

Which appendages act as channels to transfer nutrients such as amino acids and electrons? -fimbriae -nanotubes -conjugation pili -type IV pili

nanotubes

To move away from a potentially harmful compound by flagellar motion is referred to as ___________ chemotaxis.

negative

An appendage which forms a channel for the exchange of genetic material during bacterial conjugation is called a ________

pilus

An appendage which forms a channel for the exchange of genetic material during bacterial conjugation is called a ____________

pilus

Select all that apply Which three structures comprise a bacterial flagellum? -Hook -Centrioles -Periplasmic space -Filament -Basal body

-Hook -Filament -Basal body

Select all that apply Which appendages provide attachment points or channels, rather than motility? -Flagella -Axial Filaments -Pili -Nanotubes -Fimbriae

-Pili -Nanotubes -Fimbriae

Which is true regarding all bacterial cells? -All cause disease. -All lack a nucleus. -All contain a cell wall. -All are motile.

All lack a nucleus.

What is the glycocalyx? -The major component of the bacterial cell wall -An enzyme present in the periplasmic space -An intracellular substance that confers antibiotic resistance to the cell -An extracellular coating that provides protection to the cell

An extracellular coating that provides protection to the cell

What structure is used in the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology to divide bacteria and archaea into four major divisions? -Cell wall -Biochemical pathways -Type of ATP production -DNA composition

Cell wall

What manual would be most likely used by a medical microbiologist to identify a microbe? -Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology -Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Bergey's Manual of _________ Bacteriology is used by microbiologists whose primary interest is identification of prokaryotes, while Bergey's Manual of _________ Bacteriology is used by those who are also interested in the evolutionary relationships of prokaryotes. -Systematic/Determinative -Determinative/Systematic

Determinative/Systematic

True or false: The gram-negative cell wall has more peptidoglycan than the gram-positive cell wall.

False

What staining technique is most commonly used to differentiate most bacteria based on their cell wall structure? -Negative stain -Structural stain -Gram stain -Methylene blue stain

Gram stain

Which three structures are possessed by ALL bacteria? -Ribosomes -Cell membrane -Cell wall -Chromosome(s) -Flagella

Ribosomes Cell membrane Chromosome(s)

What is the primary function of endospores? -Dispersal -Survival -Reproduction

Survival

Which is more impervious to the action of antimicrobial chemicals? -Typical gram-positive bacteria -Typical gram-negative bacteria

Typical gram-negative bacteria

A cell membrane, ribosomes, chromosome(s), and cytoplasm are found in ______ bacterial cells. -all -few -most

all

Peptidoglycan is a component of the cell wall in ________. -protozoans -fungi -bacteria -archaea

bacteria

Differences in the structure of the bacterial ______ account for the different results achieved with Gram stain. -cell wall -cytoskeleton -cytoplasmic membrane -outer membrane

cell wall

The cellular structure used by the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology to classify bacteria into taxonomic divisions such as the Gracilicutes and Firmicutes is the ________ ___________

cell wall

The intracellular gelatinous solution is referred to as ______. -plasma -glycocalyx -cytoplasm -peptidoglycan

cytoplasm

Water serves as a solvent for the contents of the cell, making up 70-80% of the internal gelatinous solution known as the ______. -plasma -cytoskeleton -glycocalyx -cytoplasm

cytoplasm

Nanotubes or nanowires are long extensions of the _____ that bacteria use as channels to transfer nutrients or electrons. -flagella -bacterial chromosome -fimbriae -cytoplasmic membrane

cytoplasmic membrane

Bacterial ______ are for cell survival under extreme environmental conditions, rather than reproduction. -microcompartments -chromosomes -endospores -spores

endospores

For bacteria to move, the flagellar _____ rotate(s) 360°. -filament, hook, and basal body -basal body -filament and hook -hook -filament

filament and hook

For bacteria to move, the flagellar _____ rotate(s) 360°. -filament, hook, and basal body -filament and hook -hook -basal body -filament

filament and hook

Appendages that propel bacterial cells through an aqueous environment include axial filaments and _________

flagellum

The protective covering called the ______ develops as a coating of repeating polysaccharide or glycoprotein units. -S layer -cell envelope -glycocalyx -pilus

glycocalyx

The ability of a cell to move or self-propel through an aqueous environment is known as

motility

Which term refers to the capacity of a cell to swim freely through an aqueous environment through self-propulsion? -transport -adhesion -conjugation -motility

motility

Nanotubes or nanowires are long extensions of the cytoplasmic membrane that bacteria use as channels to transfer ______. -nutrients or electrons -nutrients and ATP -genetic material -protons and ATP

nutrients or electrons

The phospholipid barrier surrounding the peptidoglycan layer in gram-negative bacteria is called the _____________ membrane.

outer

Typical gram-negative bacteria are more impervious to the action of antimicrobial chemicals than are gram-positives because gram-negatives have a(n) ___________ ________________

outer membrane

The cell wall in bacteria is primarily composed of ___________

peptidoglycan

A major structural component of the bilayer in a cell membrane are _____________, a type of lipids which comprise 30-40% of the membrane mass.

phospholipids

Archaea that are adapted to growth at very low temperatures are called ______. -hyperthermophilic -halophilic -psychrophilic -methanogens

psychrophilic

The bacterial flagellum moves by ______. -undulating back and forth -expanding and contracting -rotating 360°

rotating 360°

Bacteria function as organisms comprised of _____. -cells organized into tissues -cells organized into organs -single cells

single cells

Which of the following makes bacteria and archaea different from eukaryotes? -They lack a nucleus. -They lack chromosomes. -They possess a cell wall. -They have phospholipids in their cell membrane.

they lack a nucleus

Many bacteria function as independent ______ organisms -acellular -unicellular -multicellular

unicellular