Microbiology-Chapter 1 (Microbiology Introduction)

Proteinaceous infectious particles are called?

Prions

What is a helminth?

A parasitic worm

Who developed the first single-lens microscope?

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following are prokaryotic microorganisms?

Archaea Bacteria

What is the study of fungi?

Mycology

What is Taxonomy?

classification, naming, and identification of microorganism.

Which microbes have a true nucleus?

Protists, Yeast

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about how many infections of all types across the world every year?

10 Billion

Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long?

3.5 Billion years

Which photosynthetic single-celled or multicellular microorganisms are often found in aquatic environments?

Algae

Which microbes have are eukaryotic and have true nucleus

Algae, Protozoa, and Yeast

Who was the first to use a single-lens microscope and observe "animalcules" in collected rainwater and in the plaque scraped from teeth?

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types?

Bacteria

Which two of the following groups of organisms arguably play the greatest role in biological decomposition?

Bacteria Fungi

Which of the following are prokaryotic microorganisms?

Bacteria and Archaea

Which microbes live in complex associations with plants to assist them in obtaining water and nutrients.

Bacteria and Fungi

What are the five groups of Microorganism?

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae, and helminths (parasitic worms).

Which microbes do not have a true nucleus?

Bacteria- are prokaryotic and lack a true nucleus.

The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organism is called?

Bacteriology

The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called?

Bacteriology

Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology?

Bacteriology, Virology, and Mycology

Certain microbes can break down heavy metals and pesticides contaminating soils by a process called?

Bioremediation

Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes?

Bioremediation

Which of the following diseases are spread by the Aedes mosquito?

Dengue Zika Chikungunya

What diseases are those which are newly identified and becoming more prominent.

Emerging

A(n) _____________________ disease, such as SARS or viral encephalitis, is a newly identified infectious disease that is becoming more prominent.

Emerging, emerging infectious, or emergent

Microbes are involved in the flow of which of the following?

Energy

Which of the following bacteria is spread by water and food contaminated with cattle feces? Multiple choice question.

Escherichia coli 0157:57

Which cell type is generally larger in size?

Eukaryotic cells

Which of the following processes is the growth of microbes in culture to produce a particular product such as ethanol?

Fermentation

Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce?

Free-living organism

What are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

Fungi or Fungus

"Greenhouse ____________" such as carbon dioxide and _____________ are produced by microbes.

Gases Methane

What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products?

Genetic engineering

Which of the following genera of microbes has been associated with gastric ulcers?

Helicobacter

What term refers to a parasitic invertebrate such as a worm

Helminth

Which group of microorganism includes the parasitic worms?

Helminths

Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells?

Helminths Protozoans Fungi

Which term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed, and reproduce?

Host

What diseases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population.

Infectious

What is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification>

Microbiology

Small, membrane-bound components found inside of a eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, are referred to as which of the following?

Organelles

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) ________ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.

Parasite

Which of the following derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process?

Parasite

Microbiology has many branches of study, including_________ ,which is the study of pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms, and certain insects..

Parasitology

Which of the following processes is the method that removes microbes; it is not a process performed by microbes?

Pasteurization

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following?

Pathogens

Microorganisms account for about 50% of the earth's _________, which is the process that converts light energy from the sun into organic molecules for food.

Photosynthesis

Which process uses the sun's energy to produce organic compounds accompanied by the formation of oxygen?

Photosynthesis

What is the study simple photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms, the algae.

Phycology

Which of the following human diseases has almost been eradicated?

Polio

Mad cow disease and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease are caused by which of the following?

Prions

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles? Multiple choice question.

Prokaryotic

What are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

Protozoa, Protists, or Protozoans

What is the study of protozoa

Protozoology

A disease that has been known for hundreds of years and that is increasing in occurrence is known as which type of disease?

Re-emerging

Tuberculosis, influenza and malaria are older diseases that have been known for a long time, but they are now increasing in occurrence; diseases with this pattern of occurrence are specifically referred to as ________ diseases?

Re-emerging

What DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins?

Recombinant

MRSA is a drug-resistant strain of which of the following bacteria?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?

The development of the microscope

What is Genetic Engineering?

The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes. Genetic engineering involves the deliberate alteration of the genetic makeup of organism to create novel microbes, plants and animals with unique behaviors and physiology.

What is Microbial ecology?

The interrelation between microbes and the environment; the roles of microorganisms in nutrient cycles and natural ecosystems.

What is Physiology?

The investigation of organismal metabolism at the cellular and molecular levels.

What is Industrial Microbiology

The science of scaling up the process to produce large quantities of a desired product.

What is Morphology?

The study detailed structure of microorganism

What is Parasitology?

The study of parasites; traditionally including pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms, and certain insects.

What is Protozoology?

The study of protozoa; a group of mostly single-celled eukaryotes

What is Phycology or algology?

The study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotes, the algae; ranging from single-celled forms to large seaweeds.

What is Epidemiology?

The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

What is Agricultural Microbiology?

The study of the relationship between microbes and domestic plants and animals.

What is Virology?

The study of viruses; a noncellular particles that parasitize cells.

What is Microbiologists?

These scientists are concerned with the impact of microbes on the food supply, including such areas as food spoilage, food-borne diseases, and production.

What is Food, Dairy, and aquatic Microbiology?

They examines the ecological and practical role of microbes in food, milk, and water respectively.

True or false: Microbes can be found in the Antarctic.

True; microbes are ubiquitous

Which term is not used to describe microscopic organisms?

Vertebrates

What is the study of viruses

Virology

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

Virus

Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own?

Virus

Which are the most common microbes on earth?

Viruses

What are the major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following?

Viruses Bacteria Algae Fungi Protozoa

What is Microbes?

a microorganism, especially a bacterium causing disease or fermentation.

A _____ Blank 1 parasite , Incorrect Unavailable is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.

biofilm or biofilms

What is the breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.

decomposition

Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells through the process of

endosymbiosis

Thinking of the two major cell types in the world: _________ , cells contain organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. However, these organelles are not found in ______ cells.

eukaryotic and prokaryotic

In the deductive process, the statement "If the ______ is valid, then certain specific ______ can be expected to occur." Multiple choice question.

hypothesis events

What is Microbiology?

is a specialized area of biology that deals with tiny life forms that are not readily observed without magnification, which is to say they are microscopic.

The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______.

micrometers; nanometers

A(n)_____ is any small, membrane- bound component found inside of an eukaryotic cell

organelle or organelles

What is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses?

pathogen

Viral particles are usually _____ than prokaryotic cells.

smaller

What is Immunology?

study of the immune system. This branch studies the complex web of protective substances and reactions caused by invading micros and other harmful entities. It includes such diverse areas as blood testing, vaccination, and allergy

What is Biotechnology?

the manipulation of microorganism or their components to make useful products. (Focuses on the natural abilities of microbes)

What is Bacteriology?

the study of bacteria; small, single celled prokaryotic organism

What is Mycology?

the study of fungi; eukaryotic organisms that include both microscopic ( mold and yeast) and larger members like mushrooms, puffballs, and truffles

Microorganisms are _______ , meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans

ubiquitous