Microbiology Chapter 1 Quiz

Which of the following statements about E. coli is false? a) E. coli was the first disease-causing bacterium identified by Koch b) E. coli is part of the normal microbiota of humans c) E. coli is beneficial in human intestines d) a disease-causing strain of E. coli causes bloody diarrhea e) none of the above

A) E. coli was the first disease-causing bacterium identified by Koch

Which of the following is a scientific name? a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis b) Tubercle bacillus

A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Which of the following is an example of bioremediation? a) application of oil-degrading bacteria to an oil spill b) application of bacteria to a crop to prevent frost damage c) fixation of gaseous nitrogen into usable nitrogen d) production by bacteria of a human protein such as interferon e) all of the above

A) application of oil-degrading bacteria to an oil spill

People once believed all microbial diseases would be controlled by the 21st century. Name one emerging infectious disease. List 3 reasons why we are identifying new diseases now.

AIDS 1. Medical technology has increased. 2. Countries around the world are sharing advances. 3. Evolution.

Cell wall made of cellulose; photosynthetic.

Algae.

Prokaryote without peptidoglycan cell wall.

Archaea.

Proved DNA is the hereditary material.

Avery, Macleod, and McCarty.

Which of the following statements is the best definition of biogenesis? a) nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms b) living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells c) a vital force is necessary for life d) air is necessary for living organisms e) microorganisms can be generated from nonliving matter

B) living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

Cell wall made of peptidoglycan.

Bacteria.

What type of microorganism has a peptidoglycan cell wall, has DNA that is not contained in a nucleus, and has flagella?

Bacteria.

Showed genes code for enzymes.

Beadle and Tatum.

Spliced animal DNA to bacterial DNA.

Berg.

What role do microorganisms play in biofilms?

Biofilms are aggregated bacteria adhering to each other and to a solid surface.

What is Bacillus Thuringiensis used for?

Biological insecticide.

Which field of microbiology studies biodegeneration of toxic wastes go into? (2)

Biotechnology and microbial ecology.

Which field of microbiology studies production of human proteins by bacteria? (3)

Biotechnology, microbial genetics, and microbial physiology.

It has been said that bacteria are essential for the existence of life on Earth. Which of the following is the essential function performed by bacteria? a) control insect populations b) directly provide food for humans c) decompose organic material and recycle elements d) cause disease e) produce human hormones such as insulin

C) decompose organic material and recycle elements

Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria? a) are prokaryotic b) have peptidoglycan cell walls c) have the same shape d) grow by binary fission e) have the ability to move

C) have the same shape

Spallanzani's conclusion about spontaneous generation was challenged because Lavoisier had just shown that oxygen was the vital component of air. Which of the following statements is true? a) all life requires air b) only disease-causing organisms require air c) some microbes do not require air d) Pasteur kept air out of his biogenesis experiments e) Lavoisier was mistaken

C) some microbes do not require air

Recombinant DNA is a) DNA in bacteria b) the study of how genes work c) the DNA resulting when genes of two different organisms are mixed d) the use of bacteria in the production of foods e) the production of proteins by genes

C) the DNA resulting when genes of two different organisms are mixed

What role do microorganisms play in recycling of elements?

Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus are required for all living organisms. Microorganisms convert these elements into forms that are useful for other organisms.

What role do microorganisms play in the biological control of pests?

Certain microorganisms cause diseases in insects and kill them.

Which of the following is the most important element of Koch's germ theory of disease? The animal shows disease symptoms when a) the animal has been in contact with a sick animal b) the animal has a lowered resistance c) a microorganism is observed in the animal d) a microorganism is inoculated into the animal e) microorganisms can be cultured from the animal

D) a microorganism is inoculated into the animal

Which of the following is a beneficial activity of microorganisms? a) some microorganisms are used as food for humans b) some microorganisms use carbon dioxide c) some microorganisms provide nitrogen for plant growth d) some microorganisms are used in sewage treatment process e) all of the above

E) all of the above

Used first synthetic chemotherapeutic agent.

Ehrlich.

Discovered penicillin.

Fleming.

Cell wall made of chitin.

Fungi.

Multicellular animals.

Helminths.

First to observe cells in plant material and name them.

Hooke.

Which field of microbiology studies symptoms of AIDs? (1)

Immunology.

How did the theory of biogenesis lead the way for the germ theory of disease?

It claimed that living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells, and the germ theory of disease is that microorganisms might cause disease.

Observed viruses are filterable.

Iwanowski.

Discovered how DNA controls protein synthesis in cell.

Jacob and Monod.

Developed vaccine against smallpox.

Jenner.

Proved microorganisms can cause disease.

Koch.

Proposed classification system for streptococci based on antigens in their cell walls.

Lancefield.

Discovered DNA can be transferred from one bacterium to another.

Lender berg and Tatum.

First to use disinfections in surgical procedures.

Lister.

Which field of microbiology studies life cycle of cryptosporidium? (1)

Microbial ecology.

Which field of microbiology develops gene therapy for a disease? (1)

Microbial genetics.

Which field of microbiology studies production of toxin by E. Coli? (1)

Microbial physiology.

What role do microorganisms play in vaccine production?

Microorganisms can be used as vaccines. Some microbes can be genetically modified to produce components of vaccines.

Which field of microbiology studies the fungus candida albicans? (1)

Mycology.

What role do microorganisms play in normal microbiota?

Normal microbiota are microorganisms that are found in and on the human body. They do not usually cause disease and can be beneficial.

What role do microorganisms play in sewage treatment?

Organic matter in sewage is decomposed by bacteria into carbon dioxide, nitrates, phosphates, sulfate, and other inorganic compounds in a wastewater treatment plant.

Disproved spontaneous generation.

Pasteur.

How did the idea of spontaneous generation come about?

People believed living organisms would arise from nonliving matter because they saw them come out of certain things such us maggots out of manure.

Unicellular, complex cell structure lack cell wall.

Protozoa.

What role do microorganisms play in human insulin production?

Recombinant DNA techniques have resulted in insertions of the gene for insulin production into bacteria. These bacteria can produce human insulin inexpensively.

First to characterize a virus.

Stanley.

Even though the germ theory of disease was not demonstrated until 1876, why did Semmelweis (1840) and Lister (1867) argue for the use of aseptic techniques?

Though the theory was not completely known, Semmelweis and Lister observed healthier or more positive results from their patients with their new procedures.

First to observe bacteria.

Van Leeuwenhoek.

Said living cells arise from preexisting living cells.

Virchow.

Which field of microbiology studies causative agent of ebola hemorrhage fever? (1)

Virology.

Not composed of cells.

Viruses.

Used bacteria to produce acetone.

Weizmann.

What is Saccharomyces used for?

Yeast sold for making bread, wine, and beer.

Find at least 3 supermarket products made by microorganisms.

Yogurt, beer, cheese.

1. What was the factor that caused Steere to reach his conclusion? 2. What is the disease? 3. Why was the disease more prevalent between June and September?

1. Treatment with penicillin suggests a bacterial infection. because it was summertime, the disease is related to outdorr activity such as swimming or contact with mosquitoes or ticks 2. Lyme disease 3. Warm weather, height of tick season

1. How was Lister influenced by Pasteur's work? 2. Why was Koch's work still needed?

1. Upon reading Pasteur's paper, Lister thought that wound infections could maybe be caused by germs as well, similar to Pasteur's germs that caused rotting. Therefore, Pasteur's paper inspired Lister to do experiments to see if germs in wound infections could be killed with chemical solutions. 2. He proved that certain bacteria could cause certain diseases.