Microbiology Chapter 14

29. Elimination and destruction systems present in the phagolysosome include all the following, except A. bromine. B. hydroxyl free radical. C. nitric oxide. D. lactic acid. E. lysozyme.

A. bromine.

All the following are events of early inflammation, except A. macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. B. chemical mediators and cytokines are released. C. brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. D. exudate and pus can accumulate. E. capillaries become more permeable resulting in edema.

A. macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis.

The key phagocytic cells of the body are the A. neutrophils and macrophages. B. basophils and neutrophils. C. eosinophils and macrophages. D. macrophages and monocytes. E. natural killer cells.

A. neutrophils and macrophages.

All of the following pertain to platelets, except A. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. B. they are also called thrombocytes. C. they originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes. D. they function in blood clotting and inflammation. E. they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells.

A. they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

26. Histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin are all A. vasoactive mediators. B. mediators of B cell activity. C. mediators of T cell activity. D. mediators that increase chemotaxis. E. fever inducers.

A. vasoactive mediators.

_____ lymphocytes function in humoral immunity, while _____ lymphocytes function in cellmediated immunity. B cells; T cells T cells; B cells Monocytes; basophils Basophils; T cells B cells; neutrophils

B, T

When macrophages migrate to the skin and remain there, they are called _____ cells. A. alveolar B. Langerhans C. GALT D. Kupffer

B. Langerhans

Which is incorrect about complement? A. Composed of at least 26 blood proteins B. Only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen C. Act in a cascade reaction D. Involves a classical pathway E. Involves an alternate pathway

B. Only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen

Which is incorrect about inflammation? A. It can last hours to years. B. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. C. Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. D. Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. E. Basophils and mast cells release histamine.

B. Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood, and has hormones that function in maturation of Tlymphocytes? A. Lymph nodes B. Thymus C. spleen D. GALT E. Tonsils

B. Thymus

The blood cells that particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are A. basophils. B. eosinophils. C. neutrophils. D. monocytes. E. lymphocytes.

B. eosinophils.

27. These white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic infections. They are known as A. monocytes. B. eosinphils. C. basophils. D. neutrophils. E. lymphocytes.

B. eosinphils.

The contribution of B cells is mainly in A. inflammation. B. humoral immunity. C. complement activity. D. cell mediated immunity. E. phagocytosis.

B. humoral immunity.

All of the following are types of granulocytes because they have prominent cytoplasmic granules when stained, except A. eosinophils. B. monocytes. C. neutrophils. D. basophils. E. They are all granulocytes.

B. monocytes.

Which is incorrect regarding fever? A. It is present in all vertebrates. B. It increases the rate of antibody synthesis. C. It is a symptom of a few diseases. D. When rising, a person feels cold. E. It inhibits the multiplication of temperature-sensitive microorganisms.

C. It is a symptom of a few diseases.

32. The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves A. initiation of the cascade. B. production of inflammatory cytokines. C. a ring-shaped protein digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes. D. cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b. E. C1q binds to surface receptors on a membrane.

C. a ring-shaped protein digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes.

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is A. lactic acid. B. hydrochloric acid. C. lysozyme. D. histamine. E. bile.

C. lysozyme.

The most numerous WBCs, that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are A. basophils. B. eosinophils. C. neutrophils. D. monocytes. E. lymphocytes.

C. neutrophils.

Hemopoiesis is the A. loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. B. production of only red blood cells. C. production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. D. plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. E. migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues

C. production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Which of the following lymphoid organs has the immunological function of filtering pathogens from the blood? A. Lymph nodes B. Thymus C. spleen D. GALT E. Tonsils

C. spleen

44. Which of the following nonspecific mediators inhibits virus replication and cellular division while increasing some lymphocyte action? A. TNF B. IL-1 C. IL-6 D. IFN E. Chemokines

D. IFN

Which cell type is phagocytic and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages? A. Basophils B. Eosinophils C. Neutrophils D. Monocytes E. Lymphocytes

D. Monocytes

The clearance of pus, cellular debris, dead neutrophils, and damaged tissue after inflammation is performed by A. basophils. B. eosinophils. C. neutrophils. D. macrophages. E. complement.

D. macrophages.

Plasma cells A. function in cell-mediated immunity. B. are derived from T-lymphocytes. C. function in blood clotting. D. produce and secrete antibodies. E. All of the choices are correct.

D. produce and secrete antibodies.

30. The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are A. complement. B. interferons. C. leukotrienes. D. pyrogens. E. lysozymes.

D. pyrogens.

The reticuloendothelial system A. is a support network of connective tissue fibers. B. originates in the cellular basal lamina. C. provides a passageway within and between tissues and organs. D. is heavily populated with macrophages. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct

Nonspecific chemical defenses include A. lysozyme. B. lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. C. skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. D. stomach hydrochloric acid. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Plasma A. is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. B. is mostly water. C. contains albumin and globulins. D. contains fibrinogen. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

22. The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following, except A. redness. B. warmth. C. swelling. D. pain. E. chills.

E. chills.

Diapedesis is the A. loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. B. production of only red blood cells. C. production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. D. plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. E. migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.

E. migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.

1. Components of the first line of defense include all the following, except A. the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin. B. nasal hairs. C. flushing action of tears and blinking. D. flushing action of urine. E. phagocytic white blood cells.

E. phagocytic white blood cells.

The term _____ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response. antibody allergen antigen foreign body

antigen

The _____ system of blood proteins act to lyse foreign cells. primary phagocytes. neutrophils. killer T cells. cytotoxic T cells. macrophages.

complement

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called _____ because they have prominent cytoplasmic granules that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.

granulocytes

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues, they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into _____. primary phagocytes. neutrophils. killer T cells. cytotoxic T cells. macrophages.

macrophages