Microbiology Chapter 19

Name bacterial infections of the skin

- Acne - Anthrax, Woolsorter's Disease - Gas Gangrene (Myonecrosis)

How do bacteria cause disease?

- Adherence and coloniztion factors - Factors that prevent activation of complement - Factors that enable escape from phagocytosis by white blood cells

Name the bacterial infections of the eye

- Bacterial Conjunctivitis - Chlamydial Conjunctivitis - Trachoma - Gonococcal Conjunctivitis

Name the bacterial infections of the GI tract

- Choloera - Salmonellosis - Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever) - Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)

How do bacteria cause disease?

- Factors that prevent destruction within phagocytes - Factors that suppress the host immune system - Endotoxin (a component of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria)

Name Bacterial infections of the skin

- Leprosy(Hansen Disease) - Syaphylococcal Skin Infections - Streptococcal Skin Infections

How do Bacteria Cause Disease?

- Production of exotoxins - Productionof necrotic and other types of destructive enzymes

______________ is also known as Vincent Angina and Trench Mouth

Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG)

Trachoma- the leading cause of blindness in the world-is caused by a _________ species.

Chlamydia

The most common STD in the United States is caused by ____________.

Chlamydia trachomatis

______________ transmission occurs via infected humans and aquatic reservoirs; fecal-oral route.

Cholera

Gas gangrene is always caused by ___________.

Clostridium spp.

True or False Haemophilus influenzae is the most common cause of influenza (Aflu@).

False (Although H. influenza can cause respiratory disease, influenza is caused by influenza viruses.)

True or False Diseases caused by Mycobacterium species are referred to as mycoses.

False (Diseases caused by Mycobacterium spp. are referred to as mycobacterial diseases; diseases caused by fungi are referred to as mycoses.)

True or False Gangrene is always caused by a bacterium.

False (There are many different causes of gangrene, but gas gangrene is alwasys caused by a Clostridium species.)

True or False Tuberculosis and Hansen disease (leprosy) are caused by Mycoplasma species.

False (Tuberculosis and Hansen disease are caused by Mycobacterium species.)

Clostridium perfringens

Gas gangrene

Yersinia pestis

Gram-negative bacillus

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gram-negative coccus

Corynebacterium burgdorferi

Gram-positive bacillus

Staphylococcus aureus

Gram-positive coccus

_____________ transmission is via environmental water sources, ponds, air-conditioning systems, and hot tubs.

Legionella pneumophila (Legionellosis, Legionnaire's Disease, Pontic Fever)

Borrelia burgdorferi

Lyme diseae

Viral causes of Otitis Media

Measels, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncytial (RSV) viruses

__________ transmission occurs via droplet inhalation, direct contact with an infected person, or contaminated articles.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mycoplamal Pneumonia, Primary Atypical Pneumonia)

_________________ and ___________ can invade and cause local or deep tissue infections

Opportunisitc indigenous microflora........environment bacteria

Name the 2 types of viral and bacterial ear infections.

Otitis External and Otitis Media

Yersinia pestis

Plagues

___________ may be caused by Gram + or Gram - bacteria, mycoplasmas, chlamydias, viruses, fungi, or protozoa.

Pneumonia

The bacterial species most frequently associated with necrotizing fasciitis is _________.

S. pyogenes

_____________ transmission occurs via domestic and wild animals; contaminated food, fecal-oral, food handlers, contaminated water.

Salmonellosis

Borrelia burgdorferi

Spirochete

___________ is the most common cause of toxic shock syndrome.

Staphylococcus auerus

_________ is a common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE), and a less comon cause of cystitis.

Staphylococcus epidermidis

_________ is one of the most common causes of neonatal meningitis.

Streptococcus agalactiae

___________ is the most common cause of pneumonia in the world.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

____________ is the most common cause of pneumonia in the world.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Certain strains of _________ are the so-called flesh-eating bacteria.

Streptococcus pyogenes

Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia is most frequently caused by ___________.

Stretococcus pneumoniae

_________ is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media.

Stretococcus pneumoniae

Treponema pallidum

Syphilis

____________ is the leading cause of blindness in the world.

Trachoma

True or False Botulism, gas gangrene, and tetanus are all caused by Clostridium species.

True

True or False It is possible for scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome to be caused by the same pathogen.

True

True or False Meningitis could be caused by a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, or a protozoan.

True

True or False Pathogens may spread through blood or lymph, causing serious systemic infections.

True

True or False Pneumonia transmission, in most cases, occurs via infected humans.

True

True or False The most common cause of gas gangrene also causes a type of food poisoning.

True

True or False Trachoma, spotted fever rickettsiosis, and erhlichiosis are all caused by obligate intracellular pathogens.

True

True or False α-Hemolytic streptococci of oral origin and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the common causes of SBE.

True

Bordetella pertussis

Whooping cough

_____________ result when protective skin barrier is broken as a result of burns, punctures, surgical procedures, or bites.

Wound Infection

Which of the following bacteria is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea? a. Clostridium difficile b. Escherichia coli c. Salmonella enteritidis d. Shigella sonnei

a. Clostridium difficile

Which of the following bacterial diseases is transmitted by a louse? a. Epidemic typhus fever b. Lyme disease c. Plague d. Spotted fever rickettsiosis

a. Epidemic typhus fever

Which of the following is the most common arthropod-borne disease in the United States? a. Lyme disease b. Plague c. Spotted fever rickettsiosis (formerly, Rocky Mountain spotted fever) d. Tularemia

a. Lyme disease

Which of the following organisms is the most common cause of urethritis? a. C. albicans b. C. trachomatis c. N. gonorrhoeae d. T. vaginalis

b. C. trachomatis

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a spore-forming bacterium? a. Anthrax b. Diphtheria c. Gas gangrene d. Tetanus

b. Diphtheria

Which of the following organisms is the most common cause of cystitis? a. C. trachomatis b. E. coli c. N. gonorrhoeae d. T. vaginalis

b. E. coli

Which of the following bacteria is associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers? a. Campylobacter pylori b. Helicobacter pylori c. Salmonella entertidis d. Shigella sonnei

b. Helicobacter pylori

The etiologic agent of which of the following bacterial diseases cannot be grown on artificial culture medium? a. Gonorrhea b. Leprosy c. Plague d. Salmonellosis

b. Leprosy

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a spirochete? a. Lyme disease b. Plague c. Relapsing fever d. Syphilis

b. Plague

Which of the following bacteria is not a common cause of neonatal meningitis? a. Escherichia coli b. Listeria monocytogenes c. Neisseria meningitidis d. Streptococcus agalactiae

c. Neisseria meningitidis

Which of the following bacterial diseases is not transmitted by a tick? a. Lyme disease b. Spotted fever rickettsiosis c. Plague d. Tularemia

c. Plague

Which of the following diseases may be caused by C. trachomatis? a. Inclusion conjunctivitis b. Nongonococcal urethra c. Trachoma d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following bacterial diseases is not caused by an anaerobe? a. Botulism b. Gas gangrene c. Tetanus d. Tularemia

d. Tulaermia

Which of the following diseases is not caused by an obligate intracellular pathogen? a. Chlamydial urethritis b. Human monocytic ehrlichiosis c. Spotted fever rickettsiosis d. Typhoid fever

d. Typhoid fever

Which of the following associations is incorrect? a. Lyme disease.......tick b. Plague.......rat flea c. Spotted fever rickettsiosis.....tick d. Typhoid fever........mosquito

d. Typhoid fever.......mosquito

Name the terms relating to infectious diseases of the oral cavity

dental caries, periodontal disease, gingivitis, periodontitis

Bacterial Conjunctivitis is commonly referred to as ________

pinkeye