Microbiology Chapter 2

Compared to a solution of pH 9, a solution of pH 7 is:

100 times more acidic.

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy shell of an atom?

2

What would be the valence number of electrons in the sulfur (S) atom?

6

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom?

8

Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction?

A + B > AB

One nucleotide contains one

All of the choices are correct.

A capillary tube is used to acquire a small blood sample for CBC (complete blood count) analysis. Suction is not required to transfer the blood from the fingertip prick to the tube in part due to:

adhesive forces between the water molecules and the glass particles of the tube.

The electrons of an atom are

always equal to the number of protons.

The building blocks of an enzyme are

amino acids.

Starch is the primary storage food for all of the following except

animals.

Ionic compounds

are hydrophilic.

Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded

atoms of different electronegativity.

Cations are

capable of forming ionic bonds with anions.

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

carbon

Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?

contains thymine

Substances that release ions when dissolved in water and conduct electricity are

electrolytes.

The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the

electrons.

What part of a phospholipid comprise the hydrophobic tails?

fatty acids

All of the following are monosaccharides except

glycogen.

All of the following pertain to the atom Carbon-14 except

has 14 neutrons.

Compared to a solution of pH 9, a solution of pH 7:

has more H+ ions.

Polar molecules

have an unequal charge distribution.

Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called

ions.

Select the statement that most accurately reflects the process of plant material digestion in humans:

it is a process that is dependent upon enzyme (cellulase) production by gut microbiota.

Anything that occupies space and has mass is called

matter.

Two or more atoms bonded together are called a/an

molecule.

Protons and neutrons that make up the atom's central core, which is referred to as its

nucleus.

The valence number is the

number of outer most electrons.

A reaction where an electron is lost is called

oxidation.

Which term or phrase does not belong in this list of characteristics describing acids?

pH 8

What type of bonds are formed by dehydration synthesis between adjacent amino acids?

peptide

The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the

phospholipids.

An atom has gained an electron. It has been

reduced.

Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of

repeating monomers.

Hydrogen bonds

result from attractive forces between molecules with polar covalent bonds.

Covalent bonds

result from sharing electrons.

Ionic bonds

result from transferring electrons.

A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens.

saturated

A solution is composed of one or more substances called _____ that are uniformly dispersed in a dissolving medium called a _____.

solutes; solvent

All of the following are lipids except

starch.

All of the following are polysaccharides except

sterols (steroids) in cell membranes.

ATP is best described as

the energy molecule of cells.

The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is the

triglycerides.

The important solvent associated with living things is

water.