Microbiology Chapter 25
H. pylori is able to survive the acidic environment of the stomach as a result of adaptations that allow it to increase the pH of the immediate environment
true
H. pylori is able to survive the acidic environment of the stomach as a result of adaptations that allow it to increase the pH of the immediate environment.
true
Lactic acid, an end product of fructose fermentation, causes breakdown of tooth enamel and, eventually, cavities.
true
In humans, beef tapeworm infestations are acquired by ingesting A) the eggs of Taenia saginata. B) segments of Taenia solium tapeworms. C) water contaminated with Diphyllobothrium latum eggs. D) cysticerci of Taenia saginata in undercooked meat. E) cysticerci of Taenia solium in undercooked meat
cysticerci of Taenia saginata in undercooked meat
Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach b/c it
possesses an enzyme that neutralized HCl
Which of the following helminthic diseases is a common infestation found in the southeastern United States? A) Enterobius vermicularis B) Ascaris lumbricoides C) Taenia saginata D) Trichuris trichiura E) Echinococcus granulosus
Ascaris lumbricoides
All of the following are eukaryotic organisms that cause diarrheal disease EXCEPT A) Cryptosporidium. B) Cyclospora. C) Entamoeba. D) Giardia. E) Campylobacter
Campylobacter
Microscopic examination of a patient's fecal culture shows spiral bacteria. The bacteria probably belong to the genus A) Campylobacter jejuni. B) Escherichia coli. C) Salmonella typhi. D) Shigella spp. E) Vibrio cholerae
Campylobacter jejuni
Which of the following pertains to typhoid fever? A) It is acquired via ingestion of contaminated meat. B) Enterotoxin spreads via the blood. C) It is caused by several different species of Salmonella. D) Causative microorganism multiplies in patient phagocytes. E) It is also called bacillary dysentery
Causative microorganism multiples in patient phagocytes
All of the following are gram (-) rods that cause gastroenteritis except
Clostridium perfingens
All of the following are gram-negative rods that cause gastroenteritis EXCEPT A) Clostridium perfringens. B) Escherichia coli. C) Salmonella typhi. D) Shigella spp. E) Yersinia enterocolitica
Clostridum perfingens
The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is
E. coli
The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is A) Shigella spp. B) Salmonella enterica. C) Giardia lamblia. D) Escherichia coli. E) Campylobacter jejuni
Escherichia coli
Following a county fair, 160 persons complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms included diarrhea (84 percent), abdominal cramps (96 percent), nausea (84 percent), vomiting (82 percent), body aches (50 percent), fever (60 percent; median body temperature = 38.3°C); median duration of illness 6 days (range 10 hr to 13 days). 43) In Situation 25.1, fecal samples should be cultured for all of the following EXCEPT A) Salmonella enterica. B) Shigella spp. C) Campylobacter jejuni. D) enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. E) Giardia lamblia
Giardia lamblia
Gums bleeding while brushing one's teeth is most commonly associated with
Gingivitis
Vaccines can be used to protect at-risk individuals from all of the following liver diseases except
Hepatitis C
Which of the following is directly involved in the initiation of dental caries?
Lactic acid
Which of the following is included in GALT? A) thymus B) Peyer's patches C) tonsils D) liver E) salivary glands
Peyer's patches
Acute gastroenteritis that occurs after an incubation period of two to three days and commonly affects children is probably caused by
Rotavirus
Which of the following is mismatched? A) ergot — gangrene B) Salmonella endotoxin — lyses red blood cells C) Vibrio enterotoxin — secretion of Cl-, K+, and H2O D) aflatoxin — liver cancer E) shiga toxin — tissue destruction
Salmonella endotoxin - lyses red blood cells
Poultry products are a likely source of infection by A) Helicobacter pylori. B) Salmonella enterica. C) Vibrio cholerae. D) Shigella spp. E) Clostridium perfringens
Salmonella enterica
Poultry products are a likely source of infection by
Salmonella eterica
Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the
Small intestine and large intestine
Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via undercooked pork and horse? A) Salmonella enterica B) Staphylococcus aureus C) Trichinella spiralis D) Entamoeba histolytica E) Shigella spp
Trichinella spiralis
A 38-year-old man had onset of fever, chills, nausea, and myalgia while vacationing on the Gulf of Mexico. On April 29, he had eaten raw oysters and gone wading in the warm coastal waters. On May 2, he was admitted to a hospital because of a fever of 39°C and two circular necrotic lesions on the left leg. He had a history of alcoholic liver disease. He was transferred to the ICU; therapy with antibiotics was initiated. On May 4, he died. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A) Bacillus cereus B) Cyclospora cayetanensis C) Salmonella typhi D) Vibrio vulnificus E) hepatitis C virus
Vibrio vulnificus
Dental plaque is an example of A) a pellicle. B) a biofilm. C) gingivitis. D) dentin. E) tooth enamel
a biofilm
Dental plaque is an example of
biofilm
What do hepatitis A and hepatitis B have in common?
both can be prevented by a vaccine
The most common mode of HAV transmission is A) contamination of food during preparation. B) contamination of food before it reaches a food service establishment. C) blood transfusion. D) contaminated hypodermic needles. E) airborne.
contamination of food during preperation
"Rice water stools" are characteristic of A) salmonellosis. B) cholera. C) bacillary dysentery. D) amebic dysentery. E) tapeworm infestation
cholera
"Rice water stools" are characteristics of
cholera
Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestion system are typically casued by
contaminated food and water
Epidemics related to bacterial infection of the digestive system are typically caused by A) biological vectors. B) contaminated food and water. C) unpasteurized milk. D) the respiratory route. E) exposure to contaminated soil
contaminated food and water
The most common mode of HAV transmission is
contamination of food during preparation
Which of the following is mismatched? A) beef — E. coli O157:H7 B) custard and cream pies — Staphylococcus aureus C) eggs — Trichinella spiralis D) chicken — Campylobacter jejuni E) oysters — Vibrio parahaemolyticus
eggs - trichinella spiralis
Clostridium difficile- associated diarrhea is usually preceded by
extended use of antibiotics
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is usually preceded by A) eating contaminated food. B) a blood transfusion. C) extended use of antibiotics. D) improper food storage. E) travel to an underdeveloped country
extended use of antibiotics
Approximately 30 percent of the body's immune system is located in the intestinal tract.
false
Bacterial infections, but not intoxications, can cause diarrhea.
false
Dental caries can also be referred to as periodontal disease.
false
EHEC is a major cause of diarrhea in developing countries and may result in the death of small children.
false
A vaccine to provide active immunity to HBV is prepared from
genetically modified yeast
A vaccine to provide active immunity to HBV is prepared from A) viruses grown in tissue culture. B) genetically modified yeast. C) pooled gamma globulin. D) viruses grown in embryonated eggs. E) viral particles in patients
genetically modified yeast
Gums bleeding while brushing one's teeth is most commonly associated with A) halitosis. B) cavities. C) gingivitis. D) periodontitis. E) trench mouth
gingivitis
Bacterial intoxications differ from bacterial infections of the digestive system in that intoxications A) are transmitted via contaminated water. B) are more severe. C) have shorter incubation times. D) are treated with antibiotics. E) are accompanied by high fever
have shorter incubation times
Bacterial intoxications differ from bacterial infections of the digestive system in that intoxications
having shorter incubation times
Which of the following causes inflammation of the liver? A) Salmonella enterica B) Shigella spp. C) hepatitis A virus D) Vibrio cholerae E) Escherichia coli
hepatitis A virus
Which of the following is mismatched? A) hydatid disease — humans are the definitive host B) Taenia infestation — humans are the definitive host C) trichinellosis — humans eat larva of parasite D) pinworm infestation — humans ingest parasite's eggs E) hookworm infestation — parasite bores through skin
hydatid disease - humans are the definitive host
Which of the following statements about staphylococcal food poisoning is FALSE? A) It is caused by ingesting an enterotoxin. B) It can be prevented by adequate refrigeration of food. C) It can be prevented by heating foods to 50°C for 15 minutes. D) It is treated by replacing water and electrolytes. E) It is characterized by rapid onset and short duration of symptoms.
it can be prevented by heading foods to 50 degrees C for 15 minutes
Which of the following statements about staphylococcal food poisoning is false?
it can be prevented by heating foods to 50 degrees C for 15 min
All of the following pertain to pinworm infections EXCEPT A) transmission is typically by contact with fomites or inhalation of eggs. B) diagnosis is by detecting eggs on transparent tape pressed to the perianal area. C) all family members living with the patient must also be treated. D) it is most commonly transmitted by cysts in water. E) it is a helminth disease
it is most commonly transmitted by cysts in water
The relative risks shown in Table 25.1 were calculated for foods suspected of transmitting Salmonella. Which food is the most likely source of infection? A) black beans B) corn soup C) jalapeño peppers D) roma tomatoes E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided
jalapeño peppers
Which of the following is directly involved in the initiation of dental caries? A) sucrose B) lysozyme C) lactic acid D) crevicular fluid E) dentin
lactic acid
What organ is most affected by hepatitis B?
liver
Following a county fair, 160 persons complained of gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms included diarrhea (84 percent), abdominal cramps (96 percent), nausea (84 percent), vomiting (82 percent), body aches (50 percent), fever (60 percent; median body temperature = 38.3°C); median duration of illness 6 days (range 10 hr to 13 days).) In Situation 25.1, fecal samples were found to be negative when cultured. The next step in diagnosing the cause of illness would be A) to begin antibiotic therapy. B) blood cultures. C) microscopic examination of feces for oocysts. D) microscopic examination of feces for viruses. E) muscle biopsy.
microscopic examination of feces for oocysts
Which one of the following diseases of the gastrointestinal system is transmitted by the respiratory route? A) staphylococcal enterotoxicosis B) mumps C) Vibrio gastroenteritis D) bacillary dysentery E) traveler's diarrhea
mumps
Aflatoxin is a(n) ________ associated with ingestion of contaminated ________. A) mycotoxin; peanuts B) mycotoxin; rye or other cereal grains C) enterotoxin; peanuts D) enterotoxin; rye or other cereal grains E) endotoxin; peanuts
mycotoxin; peanuts
The digestive tract is essentially one long tube. The order of the structures, beginning with the mouth, is A) pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. B) esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. C) pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine. D) esophagus, stomach, pharynx, small intestine, large intestine. E) pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Which of the following correctly lists the stages of tooth decay? A) plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp B) decay in dentin, plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in tooth pulp C) plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, decay in tooth pulp, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin D) destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, plaque accumulation, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp E) destruction of enamel, plaque accumulation, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp
plaque accumulation, destruction of enamel, advancement of decay through enamel, decay in dentin, decay in tooth pulp
Helicobacter pylori can grow in the stomach because it A) hides in macrophages. B) makes a capsule. C) possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl. D) makes HCl. E) invades epithelial cells
possesses an enzyme that neutralizes HCl
Acute gastroenteritis that occurs after an incubation period of two to three days and commonly affects children is probably caused by A) Giardia. B) rotavirus. C) Salmonella. D) Staphylococcus aureus. E) Trichinella
rotavirus
Disease-causing exotoxins are produced by all of the following organisms EXCEPT A) Clostridium perfringens. B) Vibrio cholerae. C) Shigella dysenteriae. D) Staphylococcus aureus. E) Clostridium botulinum
shigella dysenteriae
Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the A) mouth. B) stomach. C) stomach and small intestine. D) small intestine and large intestine. E) accessory structures
small intestine and large intestine
Through cooking of food will prevent all of the following except
staphyloccoal food poisoning
Thorough cooking of food will prevent all of the following EXCEPT A) trichinellosis. B) beef tapeworm. C) staphylococcal food poisoning. D) salmonellosis. E) shigellosis.
staphylococcal food poisoning
Which of the following is NOT true for both hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection?
the disease is prevented by vaccination
Typhoid fever differs from salmonellosis in that in typhoid fever A) the microorganisms multiply within macrophages. B) the incubation period is much longer. C) the symptoms are due to infection of the gallbladder. D) infection is spread only in the feces of domesticated animals. E) infection occurs due to ingestion of endospores
the incubation period is much longer
What is a Dane particle? A) the chlorine-resistant virus that causes HAV B) the infectious virion that causes HBV C) the spherical particles found in serum of patients with HBV D) the filamentous particles that cause HAV E) another name for an HBV surface antigen
the infectious virion that causes HBV
Which of the following statements about salmonellosis is FALSE? A) It is a bacterial infection. B) Severity of disease depends on number of organisms ingested. C) A healthy carrier state exists. D) The mortality rate is high. E) It is often associated with poultry products
the mortality rate is high
Which of the following statements about salmonellosis is false?
the mortality rate is high
All of the following infections can result from drinking contaminated water EXCEPT A) Cyclospora infection. B) giardiasis. C) trichinellosis. D) cholera. E) cryptosporidiosis
trichinellosis
An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis occurs in a pediatrics ward. Rotavirus is the most likely causative agent.
true
Aflatoxin poisoning is associated with liver cancer.
true
An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis occurs in a pediatrics ward. Rotavirus is the most likely causative agent
true
Campylobacter gastroenteritis is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the US
true
Campylobacter gastroenteritis is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States.
true
Gastroenteritis due to ingestion of food contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus is due to intoxication by enterotoxins
true
Gastroenteritis due to ingestion of food contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus is due to intoxication by enterotoxins.
true
Lactic acids, an end product of fructose fermentation, causes breakdown of tooth enamel and, eventually cavities
true
Which of the following organisms is likely to be transmitted via contaminated shrimp? A) Trichinella spiralis B) Vibrio parahaemolyticus C) Giardia lamblia D) Clostridium perfringens E) Staphylococcus aureus
vibro parahaemolyticus
Many bacterial infections of the lower digestive tract are treated with A) antitoxin. B) penicillin. C) water and electrolytes. D) quinacrine. E) thorough cooking
water and electrolytes
Which of the following organisms feeds on red blood cells? A) Giardia lamblia B) Escherichia coli C) Taenia spp. D) Vibrio parahaemolyticus E) Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica
