Microbiology Chapter 4 Questions

30) The size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is ______. A) 30S B) 40S C) 50S D) 70S E) 80S

80S

62) The best definition of endosymbiosis is ________. A) A photosynthetic bacterial cell and an aerobic bacterial cell fused to become a larger eukaryotic cell B) A eukaryotic cell ingested a bacterial cell and the organelles fused producing a larger cell C) A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell D) A DNA virus- a bacteria and a photosynthetic prokaryote fused to form a nucleus- a chloroplast and a mitochondria

A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell

70) A saprobe differs from a parasite in that ________. A) a saprobe acquires its nutrients from the remains of dead animals or plants whereas a parasite acquires its nutrients from living tissue B) a parasite acquires its nutrients from the remains of dead animals or plants whereas a saprobe acquires its nutrients from living tissue C) a saprobe synthesizes its nutrients using light energy and CO 2 whereas a parasite acquires its nutrients from living tissue D) a parasite synthesizes its nutrients using light energy and CO 2 whereas a saprobe acquires its nutrients from living tissue

A saprobe acquires its nutrients from the remains of dead animals or plants whereas a parasite acquires its nutrients from living tissue

1) Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms. A) Bacteria B) Algae C) Protozoa D) Archaea E) Helminths F) Fungi G) Viruses

Algae Protozoa Helminths Fungi

8) Protists include ______. A) yeasts and molds B) algae and protozoa C) helminths D) All of the choices are correct. E) None of the choices are correct.

Algae and protozoa

10) Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Lysosomes E) All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct

18) The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of ______. A) sterols B) proteins C) phospholipids D) cholesterol E) All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct

33) The cytoskeleton ________. A) anchors organelles B) provides support C) functions in movements of the cytoplasm D) helps maintain cell shape E) All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct

55) Which of the following is not classified as a helminth? A) Tapeworm B) Fluke C) Flatworm D) Roundworm E) All of the choices are helminths.

All of the choices are helminths

63) Which of the following lines of evidence suggest that mitochondria evolved from the endosymbiosis of a pre-eukaryotic cell with a prokaryote? A) They contain circular molecules of DNA B) They contain 70S ribosomes C) They divide independently from the cell D) All of these suggest that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes.

All of these suggest that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes

46) The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the _______. A) amoeba/sarcodina B) ciliophora C) mastigophora D) apicomplexa/sporozoa E) None of the choices are correct.

Apicomplexa/sporozoa

50) Protozoan cysts ________. A) are part of all protozoan life cycles B) are necessary for transmission to a new host C) are helpful in surviving unfavorable conditions D) are the primary form of replication E) All of the choices are correct.

Are helpful in surviving unfavorable conditions

76) Choose the statement that correctly describes the major difference between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes. A) Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes contain different types of nucleotides. B) Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes differ in the type of nucleic acid that makes up much of their structure. C) Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes differ in function. D) Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes differ in the number of subunits. E) Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes differ in size.

Bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes differ in size

43) All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________. A) motility B) ectoplasm and endoplasm C) heterotrophic nutrition D) formation of a cyst stage E) cell wall

Cell wall

29) Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi? A) Mitochondria B) Lysosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Chloroplast E) Endoplasmic reticulum

Chloroplast

20) When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis. The DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____. A) nuclear envelope B) nucleosome C) nucleolus D) nucleoplasm E) chromatin

Chromatin

42) During unfavorable growth conditions: many protozoa can convert to a resistant- dormant stage called a(n) ______. A) endospore B) cyst C) seed D) trophozoite E) sporozoan

Cyst

32) In eukaryotic cells- ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the _________. A) cytoplasm- Golgi apparatus B) nucleus- Golgi apparatus C) cytoplasm- endoplasmic reticulum D) nucleus- endoplasmic reticulum

Cytoplasm- endoplasmic reticulum

56) Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in which host? A) Primary host B) Secondary host C) Definitive host D) Transport host E) Mating takes place in all hosts.

Definitive host

59) In humans helminths generally infect the _____. A) digestive tract B) urinary tract C) nervous system D) muscular system E) skin

Digestive tract

36) Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______. A) dimorphic B) saprobes C) pseudohyphae D) spores E) parasites

Dimorphic

23) The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the _______. A) mitochondria B) lysosomes C) Golgi apparatus D) chloroplasts E) endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum

28) Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________. A) enzymes for metabolism B) cristae C) electron transport chain proteins D) enzymes for photosynthesis E) 70S ribosomes (prokaryote)

Enzymes for photosynthesis

82) The eukaryotic cell membrane is a bilayer of sterols. ⊚ true ⊚ false

False

83) The cell wall of fungi and algae are chemically identical to the bacterial cell wall. ⊚ true ⊚ false

False

84) The nuclear envelope is a single layer. ⊚ true ⊚ false

False

87) Algae are classified into divisions based principally on their type of motility. ⊚ true ⊚ false

False

89) All fungi have hyphae. ⊚ true ⊚ false

False

90) In humans fungi can only infect the skin. ⊚ true ⊚ false

False

91) All fungi cause some kind of disease in plants and animals. ⊚ true ⊚ false

False

94) Scientists believe that the modern eukaryotic cell evolved 3.5 billion years ago when a photosynthetic bacteria and an aerobic bacteria fused together. ⊚ true ⊚ false

False

51) Amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery) is most commonly contracted through the ________. A) fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water B) direct transmission from one host to another C) puncture wounds D) insect bites E) None of the choices are correct.

Fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water

73) Two different kinds of appendages may be found on eukaryotic cells that enable them to move. ________ are long slender locomotor appendages that are usually single and few in number whereas ________ are appendages which are numerous and short. A) Flagella- cilia B) Cilia- flagella C) Flagella- fimbriae D) Pili- flagella

Flagella- cilia

80) The two major types of helminths based on body type are the _______ which include the tapeworms and the ________ which are also known as nematodes. A) flatworms- roundworms B) roundworms- flatworms C) flatworms- flukes D) flatworms- cestodes

Flatworms- roundworms

6) Select those activities of fungi considered beneficial from a human perspective. A) Produce toxins such as aflatoxin B) Form associations with plant roots to enhance uptake of water and nutrients C) Produce antibiotics D) Enable fermentation to produce alcohol E) Contribute to allergies F) Contribute to the carbon cycle by decomposing organic matter

Form associations with plant roots to enhance uptake of water and nutrients Produce antibiotics Enable fermentation to produce alcohol Contribute to the carbon cycle by decomposing organic matter

68) Fungal spores differ from bacterial endospores in that ________. A) fungal spores are reproductive whereas bacterial endospores are for survival B) fungal spores are a result of sexual reproduction only whereas bacterial endospores are a result of binary fission C) bacterial endospores are reproductive whereas fungal spores are for survival D) fungal spores result from binary fission and bacterial endospores result from meiosis

Fungal spores are reproductive whereas bacterial endospores are for survival

17) Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of ______. A) protozoa B) algae C) fungi D) bacteria E) All of the choices are correct.

Fungi

3) Select the organisms that typically have cell walls. A) Animals B) Fungi C) Protozoa D) Algae E) Plants

Fungi Algae Plants

24) An organelle that is a stack of flattened- membranous sacs and functions to receive- modify and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________. A) mitochondria B) lysosome C) Golgi apparatus D) chloroplast E) endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

54) Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of ______. A) protozoa B) algae C) helminths D) fungi E) None of the choices are correct.

Helminths

71) Which of the following are mismatched? A) Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals B) Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO 2 C) Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism

Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO 2

38) The long- threadlike branching cells of molds are called _______. A) conidiophores B) pseudohyphae C) hyphae D) septate E) ascus

Hyphae

67) Which of the following describes the relationship between the fungal hyphae and mycelia? A) Hyphae are filamentous cells that grow together in an intertwined mass called a mycelium. B) Mycelia are filamentous cells that grow together to form hyphae. C) Colonies of yeasts grow together to form hyphae which then extend to form a mycelium. D) Septate hyphae aggregate to form mycelia and nonseptate hyphae form yeasts through budding.

Hyphae are filamentous cells that grow together in an intertwined mass called a mycelium

77) Long threadlike fungal cells are called _______ and an intertwined mass of these cells is called a _______. A) hyphae- mycelium B) mycelia- hyphae C) dimorphic- mycelium D) hyphae- saprobe

Hyphae- mycelium

53) Which of the following does not pertain to helminths? A) In kingdom Protista B) Parasitic worms C) Eggs and sperm used for reproduction D) Often alternate hosts in complex life cycles E) Have various organ systems

In kingdom Protista

57) Larval development of helminths occurs in which host? A) Primary host B) Intermediate (secondary) host C) Definitive host D) Transport host E) Mating takesplace in all hosts.

Intermediate (secondary) host

72) Bacteria- archaea and eukaryotes are believed to have evolved from a different kind of cell known as the _______. A) last common ancestor B) prokaryote C) first primitive cell D) aggregate

Last common ancestor

26) A(n) _______ originates from the Golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion. A) perixosome B) lysosome C) magnetosome D) inclusion E) ribosome

Lysosome

31) Which of the following is not true of the cytoskeleton? A) Structural framework for the cell B) Anchor points for organelles C) Made up of microfilaments D) Made up of microtubules E) Made up of cilia

Made up of cilia

45) The group of protozoa that have flagella are the _______. A) sarcodina B) ciliophora C) mastigophora D) apicomplexa E) None of the choices are correct.

Mastigophora

13) There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia. A) filaments B) microtubules C) flagella D) cilia E) None of the choices are correct.

Microtubules

66) Which fiber of the cytoskeleton is a hollow tube that is also a component of flagella and the spindle fibers that form during mitosis? A) Microtubules B) Actin filaments C) Intermediate filaments D) Hyphae

Microtubules

27) Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found? A) Mitochondria B) Lysosomes C) Golgi apparatus D) Chloroplasts E) Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

49) Protozoan endoplasm contains ______. A) ectoplasm B) mitochondria C) flagella D) oral groves E) None of the choices are correct.

Mitochondria

34) Filamentous fungi are called _______. A) pseudohyphae B) septa C) molds D) dimorphic E) mycelium

Molds

15) The eukaryotic cell's glycocalyx is ________. A) mostly polysaccharide B) the site where many metabolic reactions occur C) also called the cell wall D) composed of lipids E) protection against osmotic lysis

Mostly polysaccharide

16) Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx? A) Protection B) Adherence C) Movement D) Reception of chemical signals E) All of the choices are functions.

Movement

40) The woven- intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a mold is a _______. A) septum B) rhizoid C) spore D) bud E) mycelium

Mycelium

41) Fungal infections are known as ________ and can be acquired from environmental or clinical sources. A) secondary infections B) vegetative infections C) mycoses D) saprobic infections E) parasitosis

Mycoses

19) The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______. A) ribosome B) nucleolus C) nucleus D) Golgi apparatus E) lysosome

Nucleolus

4) Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes. A) Phospholipid bilayer B) Embedded proteins C) Sterols D) Selectively permeable barrier E) Transport systems

Phospholipid bilayer Embedded proteins Selectively permeable barrier Transport systems

75) Chloroplasts are the site of ________ and are located in plants and plantlike organisms called ________. A) photosynthesis- algae B) photosynthesis- yeasts C) cellular respiration- algae D) cellular respiration- yeasts E) fermentation- algae F) fermentation- yeasts

Photosynthesis- algae

37) Which is not a characteristic of fungi? A) Have cell walls B) Photosynthetic C) Include single-celled and filamentous forms D) Heterotrophic nutrition E) Can use a wide variety of nutrients

Photosynthetic

60) After returning from a trip to Africa. Tom begins to feel very tired and weak. He has severe anemia. A blood smear reveals a protozoan is present in his blood. The health care provider tells Tom he has malaria. Which of the following could be the causative agent of his disease? A) HIV B) Nagleriafowleri C) Plasmodiumfalciparum D) Trichophyton E) Histoplasma capsulatum

Plasmodiumfalciparum

48) Which is mismatched? A) Giardia— causes intestinal distress- transmitted by feces in drinking water B) Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever C) Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection D) Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease E) Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

22) The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________. A) histones B) chromatin C) pores D) endoplasmic reticulum E) inclusions

Pores

5) Select those activities of fungi considered detrimental from a human perspective. A) Produce toxins such as aflatoxin B) Form associations with plant roots to enhance uptake of water and nutrients C) Cause decomposition of fresh produce D) Cause disease in plants and animals E) Contribute to allergies F) Add flavor to foods such as blue cheese and soy sauce

Produce toxins such as aflatoxin Cause decomposition of fresh produce Cause disease in plants and animals Contribute to allergies

21) Histones are ________. A) found in polyribosomes B) enzymes found in lysosomes C) proteins of the cytoskeleton D) proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus E) on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

12) Cilia are structures for motility found primarily in _____. A) protozoa B) algae C) fungi D) bacteria E) All of the choicesare correct.

Protozoa

14) Cell walls are not usually found in _____. A) protozoa B) algae C) fungi D) bacteria E) All of the choices are correct.

Protozoa

79) Choose the term that best describes the role of protozoan cysts. A) Protozoan cysts area reproductive stage. B) Protozoan cysts are necessary for the infection of intermediate hosts while the trophozoites are the stage that infects definitive hosts. C) Protozoan cysts are a survival form that allows them to survive adverse environmental conditions between hosts. D) Protozoan cysts are the active growing stage of the organism.

Protozoan cysts are a survival form that allows them to survive adverse environmental conditions between hosts

74) Choose the statement that best describes the role of mitochondria. A) Contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest macromolecules B) Provide cell with energy through cell respiration C) Control the transport of materials into and out of the cell D) Store the genetic information of the cell E) Assemble amino acids into polypeptides

Provide cell with energy through cell respiration

35) When buds remain attached they form a chain of yeast cells called _______. A) pseudohyphae B) septa C) molds D) dimorphic E) mycelium

Pseudohyphae

78) The three structures utilized for locomotion by protozoa are flagella- cilia and________. A) pseudopods B) pili C) fimbriae D) actin filaments

Pseudopods

61) Which of the following statements is true concerning the evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A) Rather than eukaryotes evolving from prokaryotes evidence suggests that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a precursor of these called the Last Common Ancestor. B) Studies suggest that eukaryotes evolved directly from prokaryotes C) Genetic evidence has shown that archaea were the precursor to prokaryotes which in turn were the precursor to eukaryotes. D) Evolutionary biologists have shown that eukaryotes appeared first and led to the evolution of prokaryotic cells.

Rather than eukaryotes evolving from prokaryotes evidence suggests that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a precursor of these called the Last Common Ancestor

58) Parasitic worms have a highly developed ______ system. A) digestive B) nervous C) respiratory D) muscular E) reproductive

Reproductive

39) Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______. A) saprobes B) parasites C) substrates D) nonseptate E) dimorphic

Saprobes

47) The group of protozoa that use pseudopodia to move are the ______. A) sarcodina B) ciliophora C) mastigophora D) apicomplexa E) None of the choices is correct.

Sarcodina

81) Choose the most accurate description of a typical helminth lifestyle. A) The helminth reproduces sexually and spends most of its life in either a single animal host or a series of animal hosts. B) The helminth reproduces asexually in its definitive host and sexually in its intermediate host. C) The helminth reproduces asexually and is facultatively parasitic which means it can live independently or can live parasitically within a host. D) The helminth reproduces sexually and alternates between free living and parasitic stages of its life cycle.

The helminth reproduces sexually and spends most of its life in either a single animal host or a series of animal hosts

9) The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ______. A) archaea B) bacteria C) prokaryotes D) the last common ancestor E) None of the choices are correct.

The last common ancestor

64) Eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella in that ________. A) they are thicker- they are covered by membrane and they contain microtubules B) they are thinner- they contain microfilaments and they are not involved in motility C) they are thicker- they are made of the protein flagellin and they move in a 360 o rotation D) they are thinner- they have a basal body and a hook and they contain a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules

They are thicker- they are covered by membrane and they contain microtubules

44) The motile feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______. A) trophozoite B) cyst C) sporozoite D) oocyst E) food vacuole

Trophozoite

85) Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes. ⊚ true ⊚ false

True

86) Eukaryotic mitochondria have their own 70S ribosomes and circular DNA. ⊚ true ⊚ false

True

88) Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses. ⊚ true ⊚ false

True

92) Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually. ⊚ true ⊚ false

True

93) The Last Common Ancestor gave rise to the cells in the three domains that we recognize today bacteria archaea and eukaryotes. ⊚ true ⊚ false

True

95) All algae have chloroplasts. ⊚ true ⊚ false

True

52) All of the following are helminths except _____. A) pinworms B) flukes C) trypanosomes D) roundworms E) tapeworms

Trypanosomes

7) Select characteristics exhibited by most protozoans. A) Unicellular B) Cell walls containing cellulose C) Motile by means of flagella- cilia or pseudopodia D) Heterotrophic E) 3 µm—300 µm size range F) Contain a nucleus and variety of organelles

Unicellular Motile by means of flagella- cilia or pseudopodia Heterotrophic 3 µm—300 µm size range Contain a nucleus and variety of organelles

65) Eukaryotic cell membranes contain large lipid molecules called sterols whereas prokaryotic membranes lack sterols. One argument supporting the presence of these sterols in eukaryotes is that ________. A) unlike prokaryotes many eukaryotes lack the protection of a cell wall and therefore require sterols to add some strength and rigidity to the membrane B) eukaryotic nutrients are rich in sterols which then become embedded in the membrane C) sterols are essential catalysts for the efficient functioning of the cell membrane D) sterols are necessary membrane molecules that mediate the transport of dissolved nutrients from the cell environment to the cytosol

Unlike prokaryotes many eukaryotes lack the protection of a cell wall and therefore require sterols to add some strength and rigidity to the membrane

25) Protists with contractile vacuoles ________. A) are algae B) use them to expel excess water from the cell C) typically live in salty seawater D) use them for motility E) All of the choices are correct.

Use them to expel excess water from the cell

69) Fungal spores arise ________. A) when asexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores and sexual reproduction produces spores often from a fruiting body B) when sexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores and asexual reproduction produces spores when a male hyphae mates with a female hyphae C) when sexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores and asexual reproduction produces spores when two fertile hyphae fuse D) as a result of asexual reproduction only E) as a result of sexual reproduction only

When asexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores and sexual reproduction produces spores often from a fruiting body

2) Select all of the characteristics of eukaryotic flagella that distinguish them from bacterial flagella. A) Rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise B) Whip back and forth C) Consist of a 9 + 2 microtubule arrangement D) Consist of a hook- filament- and basal body E) 200 nm in diameter

Whip back and forth Consist of a 9 + 2 microtubule arrangement 200 nm in diameter

11) Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________. A) are used for cell motility B) facilitate chemotaxis C) facilitate phototaxis D) are long- whiplike structures E) contain microtubules

contain microtubules