microbiology exam 1 (quizzes combined)

Firmicutes

A 23 year-old female presents at a walk-in clinic with a fever, swollen lymph nodes and yellow spots on the throat. A rapid strep test comes back positive, confirming an infection with Streptococcus pyogenes, which has a thick layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions does S. pyogenes belong?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be

The culture medium must be selective.

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

simple staining

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ________.

a chemically defined media

A nutrient medium that has all of its chemical components identified, and their precise concentrations known and reproducible, would be termed ________.

anaerobic organisms

A reducing media is used to culture

substances that remove oxygen

A reducing medium contains

nitrogen and phosphorus

A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose?

lysosome

A(n) _______ originates from the Golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion.

Definitive host

Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in which host?

algae

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n)

petri dish

All of the following are examples of different types of microbiological media except _____.

fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water

Amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery) is most commonly contracted through the

cilia

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except

Variations in the ribonucleic acid of the small ribosomal subunit of organisms

Carl Woese and George Fox developed the three-domain system of taxonomy based on what molecular discovery?

palisade

Cells form a ______ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side.

prokaryote

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called

endospore

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium and dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?

Different color colonies Different media color post incubation Precipitates Gas bubbles All of the choices are correct.

Differential media results in which of the following growth characteristics?

messenger

During protein synthesis, _______ RNA is made as a copy of a gene from DNA.

gram-negative

During the Gram stain, _____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

unlike prokaryotes, many eukaryotes lack the protection of a cell wall and therefore require sterols to add some strength and rigidity to the membrane

Eukaryotic cell membranes contain large lipid molecules called sterols, whereas prokaryotic membranes lack sterols. One argument supporting the presence of these sterols in eukaryotes is that

mycoses

Fungal infections are known as ________ and can be acquired from environmental or clinical sources.

when asexual reproduction produces sporangiospores and conidiospores, and sexual reproduction produces spores, often from a fruiting body

Fungal spores arise

fungal spores are reproductive, whereas bacterial endospores are for survival

Fungal spores differ from bacterial endospores in that

dimorphic

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called

are less susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms.

Gram-negative bacteria

halophile

Halobacterium salinarium lives in and requires salt. This is an example of an archaeabacterium described as a(n)

parasitic worms

Helminths are

95x

If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950x, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10x?

cell wall

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the

Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting

If you were a microbiologist in 1950, which of the following scientific principles would you already know?

digestive tract

In humans, helminths generally infect the

Helminths

Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of

enzymes for metabolism cristae electron transport chain proteins enzymes for photosynthesis 70S ribosomes (prokaryote) enzymes for photosynthesis

Mitochondria possess all of the following EXCEPT

repeating monomers

Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of

saprobes

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called

positive chemotaxis

Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed

carbon

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms

reproductive

Parasitic worms have a highly developed ______ system.

cell walls

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

use them to expel excess water from the cell

Protists with contractile vacuoles

resolution refers to the ability to distinguish two cells from one another, whereas contrast refers to the ability to distinguish a cell from its surroundings

Resolution differs from contrast in microscopy in that

family, genus, species

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

a periplasmic flagellum

Spirochetes are able to move due to

infection

The Five I's of studying microorganisms include all of the following except _____.

differential

The Gram staining procedure is best described as a(n) _______ staining technique

acid-fast

The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria.

nosepiece

The _______ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.

is part of the nucleoid

The bacterial chromosome

A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell

The best definition of endosymbiosis is

envelope

The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.

anchors organelles provides support functions in movements of the cytoplasm helps maintain cell shape All of the choices are correct.

The cytoskeleton

sterols proteins phospholipidsIncorrect cholesterol All of the choices are correct All of the choices are correct

The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of

3.8

The first cells appeared about ______ billion years ago

mastigophora

The group of protozoa that have flagella are the

apicomplexa/sporozoa

The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the

trophozoite

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the

polymerase chain reaction

The nobel prize was awarded to Kary Mullis in 1993 for inventing what technique to amplify and subsequently analyze DNA?

classification

The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called

Tenericutes

The organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae that causes "walking pneumonia" lacks a cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions is it classified?

pores

The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear

Carl Woese and George Fox

The scientist(s) who proposed organisms be assigned to one of three domains is(are)

cell membrane

The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the

lophotrichous

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is

inoculation

The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is _____.

dark field

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

mycelium

The woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a mold is a

fimbriae; capsules

Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are _______ and _______.

Contains thymine in place of uracil

What pertains to DNA but not RNA?

Basal body, hook, filament

What three components comprise the flagellum, extending from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

peptide

What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids?

streak plate

What type of isolation technique is most effective for the majority of applications?

both genus and species names are italicized or underlined

When assigning a scientific name to an organism

cysteine

Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure?

viruses

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

pour plates

Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?

Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2 Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2

Which of the following are mismatched?

resolving power

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?

solid medium

Which of the following is essential for development of discrete, isolated colonies?

Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls None of the choices are correct. Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls

Which of the following is mismatched?

Ribosomes - protein synthesis Inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials Plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism Nucleoid - hereditary material Cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution Plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism

Which of the following is mismatched?

manufacturing copper wires

Which of the following is not a human use of microorganisms?

petri dish

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

mosquito

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?

Structural framework for the cell Anchor points for organelles Made up of microfilaments Made up of microtubules Made up of cilia Made up of cilia

Which of the following is not true of the cytoskeleton?

All of these suggest that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes.

Which of the following lines of evidence suggest that mitochondria evolved from the endosymbiosis of a pre-eukaryotic cell with a prokaryote?

objective lens

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

ocular lens

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its virtual image?

Formulate question, conduct research, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis

Which of the following statements correctly determines the process when following the scientific method?

Not only do the majority of colonizing bacteria cause no harm to humans, the relationship is beneficial for both microbe and human host

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between humans and microbes?

The cell walls of bacteria and archaea both contain the complex macromolecule peptidoglycan, whereas only the organisms in kingdom Plantae contain cell walls, which are made of cellulose.

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the differences between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

Crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin

Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining?

taxonomy

Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms?

Robert Koch

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?`

transport

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

electron

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

bright field

Which type of microscope is the most widely used and shows cells against a bright background?

ATP

You are trying to identify a chemical that consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates. What is this chemical?