Microbiology - Exam 3 Part 2

What is the corresponding Picornavirus for Coxsackie A?

Hand-foot-mouth

Saponin, polypropylene glycol, SPS, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are all components in which blood culture system?

Lysis centrifugation system

A patient who has an existing heart condition has dental surgery but neglects to inform her dentist of this disorder. She later develops endocarditis as a consequence of the procedure. Which of the following organisms most likely caused endocarditis?

Streptococcus mutans

Amie's, Leibovitz-Emory, and Stuart's are all types of:

transport media

What is the characteristic of West Nile virus?

Fever and leucopenia

Hantavirus classified in the Bunyaviridae family is transmitted via:

rodent excreta

The nasal hairs, convoluted passages, and mucous lining of the nasal turbinates:

nonspecifically protect the respiratory tract from infection

The appropriate temperature in which to store specimens for viral isolation is ____º C.

4

Which enzyme is incorporated into the master mix in the PCR reaction?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase

What is true regarding genotypic susceptibility assay:

Detects resistance genes

Point mutations in the hemagglutination (HA) or neuraminidase (NA) genes during viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) replication give rise to new strains. This mechanism is known as the antigenic:

Drift

A 45-year-old man living in the western United States begins experiencing headache, fever, and body aches, which he attributes to the flu. His symptoms, however, become worse, and he later develops kidney disease and acute respiratory failure. He is most likely infected with which virus?

Hantavirus

Which virus found in the blood involves infecting certain T lymphocytes and possibly macrophages?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

What is the symptom or disease state of Human herpesvirus (HHV) 8?

Kaposi sarcoma

1) The agency that provides documents and sets standards for antifungal susceptibility testing is the:

Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

What is the characteristic of Dengue fever?

Macropapular rash

Patients receiving lipid-supplemented parenteral nutrition are at risk for developing fungemia caused by which organism?

Malassezia furfur

Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions?

Measles

From what part of the body is parainfluenza virus most commonly isolated?

Nasopharyngeal

A 36-year-old woman is on a cruise ship and later develops nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. She is most likely suffering from which virus?

Norovirus

Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are surface glycoproteins associated with what family of viruses?

Orthomyxoviridae

Some viruses have the ability to stimulate uncontrolled growth of the host cells, resulting in cancer. Which virus has oncogenic properties?

Papilloma

The most common etiologic agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults is _____ pneumoniae.

Streptococcus

The possibility of an abscess should be considered if this bacterial group is isolated in the blood:

Streptococcus anginosus

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) and Lassa fever are considered which type of virus?

Arenavirus

Of the various types of specimens collected to diagnose respiratory infections, which one is acceptable for the detection of anaerobic agents?

Transtracheal aspirates (TTA)

A 76-year-old man with intermittent fevers has blood cultures drawn three times. The second set is positive and grew out of aCorynebacterium spp. This organism is considered:

a contaminant

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is detected as the most common agent of lower respiratory tract infection among:

adults younger than 30 years of age

A patient is diagnosed with an invasive Aspergillosis infection. The antifungal therapy that should be administered is:

amphotericin B

An infection of the epiglottis and other soft tissues above the vocal cords, whose presentation typically includes fever and difficulty in swallowing because of the pain, drooling, and respiratory obstruction with inspiratory stridor, is:

epiglottitis

One of the most important uses of the Gram stain of expectorated sputum received for routine bacteriologic culture is to:

evaluate the quality of the specimen

A consequence of sepsis is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which is characterized by numerous small blood vessels becoming clogged with clotted blood and bleeding as a result of the depletion of coagulation factors. Although any circulating pathogen can cause DIC, it is most often a consequence of ________ sepsis.

gram-negative

A 37-year-old man traveling through South America has a sudden onset of fever, severe headache, and chills. A macropapular rash develops on his trunk, which then spreads to his face and extremities. The vector transmitting this disease is most likely:

mosquitos

The specimen of choice to collect in suspected cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is:

nasopharyngeal

The term used to describe a virus that causes a global outbreak of serious illness of which little natural immunity exists and that has sustained person-to-person transmission is:

pandemic

Pneumonia in children is most commonly caused by:

parainfluenza virus

If tachyzoites are found circulating in blood, then the infection would be classified as a:

parasitemia

An 8-month-old female infant is admitted to the emergency department in respiratory distress on Christmas Eve. A nasopharyngeal aspirate is obtained and sent to the laboratory on ice for analysis. The most probable organism that would be isolated is:

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

The function of the glycoprotein spike on some viruses is to

stabilize attachment for the lipid envelope

A 2-year-old girl is suspected of having a rotavirus infection. The specimen of choice to collect to identify the agent is:

stool

The most common portal of entry for bacteremia is:

the genitourinary tract

What is the symptom or disease state of HSV type 2?

Genital lesions

The only virus that has been globally eradicated is:

Smallpox

What is the symptom of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1?

cold sore

From what part of the body is Enterovirus most commonly isolated?

Stool

One of the most common causes of bacterial pneumonia in school-age children (5 to 14 years of age) is:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

The most common etiologic agent of lower respiratory tract infection among adults younger than 30 years of age is:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

What is the corresponding Picornavirus for Coxsackie B?

Myocarditis

In the case of infants and small children, how much blood is usually drawn for bacterial culture?

1 to 5 mL

Match the organisms with its characteristics in the columns 1 - 4 Organisms a. Trichosporon spp. 3 b. Candida albicans 4 c. Malassezia furfur 2 d. Cryptococcus neoformans 1 Characteristics 1. Polysaccharide capsule 2. Spaghetti and meatball morphologic appearance 3. White piedra 4. Creamy, white patches

1. d 2. c 3. a 4. b

A 24-year-old woman is diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV) after having her annual Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. She was not vaccinated with the Gardasil vaccine. Which serotypes of the virus does she need to be concerned about that demonstrate the greatest risk for developing cervical cancer?

16 and 18

To detect immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in an acute phase, blood should be collected in _____ days after the onset of infection.

7 to 14

The enzyme-linked virus-inducible system (ELVIS) uses a cloned beta-galactosidase gene that is expressed only when cells are infected with what virus?

HSV

At the end of the 2008-2009 influenza season, 100% influenza A H3N2 and the novel 2009 influenza A H1N1 were resistant to:

Adamantane

List these six steps of viral replication in order of appearance. Assembly Uncoating Attachment Release Synthesis Penetration

Attachment Penetration Uncoating Synthesis Assembly Release

What is the characteristic of Yellow fever?

Black vomit

Where in the body does one obtain a specimen for HBV?

Blood

What is the symptom or disease state of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?

Burkitt lymphoma

Which type of swab is not suitable for the collection of a viral specimen as a result of its ability to interfere with certain tests?

Calcium alginate

What is the characteristic of Hepatitis C?

Carcinoma

Where in the body does one obtain a specimen for Arbovirus?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

What is the symptom or disease state of Varicella?

Chickenpox

What is the symptom or disease state of CMV?

Congenital disease

Brucella infections usually result in which type of bacteremia?

Continuous

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has what characteristic structures when visualized under an electron microscope?

Crownlike surface projections

If a virus is referred to as naked, it means it lacks which structure?

Envelope

One of the most pathogenic hemorrhagic fever viruses belongs to the _________ family.

Filoviridae

The BACTEC automated blood culture system detects organisms by monitoring a rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels using which type of sensor?

Fluorescence

A 26-year-old woman who has a Gardnerella vaginalis infection becomes immunocompromised, which causes the organism to enter the bloodstream. She has several fever spikes; therefore blood cultures are drawn and placed in blood culture media containing sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS). After 5 days of incubation, the blood cultures are negative. Which of the following statements explains this DISCREPANCY?

G. vaginalis is usually inhibited by this anticoagulant, making recovery difficult

From what part of the body is Human papilloma virus (HPV) most commonly isolated?

Genital

A patient who is positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is diagnosed with a Cryptococcus neoformans infection. The attending resident prescribed Griseofulvin; however, the patient's condition did not seem to improve. Which one of the following statements explains this DISCREPANCY?

Griseofulvin is not effective against C. neoformans; therefore the therapy should be changed

If a physician prescribes Tamiflu to a patient, the patient is most likely infected with which virus?

Influenza

What is true regarding phenotypic assay:

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis

What is true regarding plaque:

Inhibits viral plaque formation

The Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi; Approved Standard (M38-A) describes the guidelines for antifungal susceptibility testing for molds. The suspension must be standardized with a spectrophotometer. Susceptibility testing is determined by which method?

Microdilution

Which type of assay uses a variety of endpoint measurements to determine whether the virus is inhibited by the antiviral drug or is demonstrating drug resistance?

Phenotypic

In the 1920s, an instrument known as an "iron lung" was developed to fight breathing difficulties associated with which infection?

Poliomyelitis

Which cell line has demonstrated a consistent season-to-season isolation frequency of influenza viruses?

Primary monkey kidney

What is true regarding pyrosequencing:

Quantifies sequence variation

What is true regarding flow cytometry:

Quantifies the amount of viruses infected in cells

When performing antiviral susceptibility testing, a standard inoculum must be used. If the inoculum quantity is too large, then the isolate will appear:

Resistant

Where in the body does one obtain a specimen for Adenovirus?

Respiratory

The most used EIA for antigen detection that uses a solid phase and membrane is used for detecting which virus?

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Which assay is the current recommended method of detection in most laboratories for influenzas A and B viruses?

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

This hemorrhagic fever causes disease in humans and nonhuman primates such as chimpanzees, gorillas, and monkeys. It is identified in the laboratory using which type of assay?

Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

The cytomegalovirus (CMV) produces cytopathic effects (CPE) in diploid fibroblast cells in an average of 7 days. The results are available within 16 hours using which type of assay?

Shell vial

What is the symptom or disease state of Zoster?

Shingles

From what part of the body is the Varicella zoster virus most commonly isolated?

Skin and mucous membranes

Characteristics of which virus consist of a double-stranded genome and virions that appear as oval, brick-shaped structures of 200 to 400 nm in length? In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) eradicated this virus in 1980.

Smallpox

A 36-year-old emergency medical technician (EMT) is exposed to a patient with brucellosis. Blood cultures are drawn from the EMT and reported as negative after 1 week. Which of the following statements explains this DISCREPANCY?

The blood should have been incubated for a minimum of 3 weeks

From what part of the body is CMV most commonly isolated?

Urine

Where in the body does one obtain a specimen for HSV?

Vesicular

What is true regarding du assay:

Viable cells take up neutral red dye

Also called acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis or trench mouth, which condition is a mixed bacterial spirochetal infection of the gingival edge?

Vincent angina

Granulicatella spp. and Abiotrophia spp. are dependent on which nutritional additive for optimal growth?

Vitamin B6

One of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among previously healthy patients 2 months to 5 years of age is:

respiratory syncytial virus

Adenoviruses are one of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among:

previously healthy patients 2 months to 5 years of age

Respiratory syncytial virus is one of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract infection among:

previously healthy patients 2 months to 5 years of age

If Negri bodies are identified in brain tissue through cytologic means, then the virus is identified as a(n):

rabies virus

Adenoviruses are responsible for causing diseases such as keratoconjunctivitis, pneumonia, hemorrhagic cystitis, and gastroenteritis in children. Transmission is usually via:

respiratory secretions