Microbiology exam chpt 6

______________ is used to describe a disease with a more or less rapid onset and a short duration.

Acute

What is a condition in which bacteria are found in the blood but not multiplying there?

Bacteremia

Which structure functions to protect the organism and to enhance its virulence?

Capsule

Which structure interferes most with phagocytosis?

Capsules

The formation of small droplets of respiratory mucous contaminated with a pathogen is what type of direct transmission?

Droplet infection

What is a mode of direct disease transmission?

Droplet spray

What term refers to the preference of a pathogen for a particular part of the body?

Elective localization

Normal flora bacteria will cause which type of infection?

Endogenous

What infection is one in which the causative agents enter the body, from the outside, by entering through one of the portals of entry?

Exogenous

What infection spreads from one area of infection to set up other areas of infection in the body.

Focal

What infection is one in which microorganisms or their products are spread by the blood or lymph throughout the entire body?

General

What term is defined as the invasion of the body by living microorganisms with subsequent multiplication and disease production?

Infection

What term refers to the invasion of the body by macroscopic parasites?

Infestation

What infection is one caused by two or more different organisms at about the same time?

Mixed

What infection occurs in an individual who has no other active infection?

Primary

What infection is one which occurs in an individual who already has an infection of another type?

Secondary

What infection occurs as a late complication of another disease and is itself the actual cause of death.

Terminal

What are the correct types of blood infections?

Viremia, Bacterimia, Septicemia, Toxemia

What type of virus would have an affinity for the liver?

Viscerotropic

An infection which has a relatively short and severe course is termed

acute.

Weakening or diluting the virulence of a pathogenic organism is

attenuation

dilution or weakening of virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing pathogenicity.

attenuation

the presence of bacteria in the blood

bacteremia

existing at the time of birth or shortly thereafter

congenital

Infections transmitted in utero or during birth are

congenitally transmitted.

A highly communicable disease which is easily spread directly from person to person is considered

contagious.

the act of introducing disease germs or infectious material into an area or substance

contamination

A term that may be used to describe the presence of true pathogens on inanimate objects is Show answer choices

contamination.

Attenuation affects a pathogen by

decreasing virulence

The common cold can be transmitted by

droplet spray.

The preference of a bacterium for a specific tissue or organ is

elective localization

disease that occurs continuously in a particular region, but has low mortality. a disease that is continuously present in a community

endemic

produced or arising from within a cell or organism

endogenous

A normal flora bacteria may cause an

endogenous infection.

An infection which is caused by organisms already present in the body is best described as

endogenous.

A communicable disease that attacks a large number of persons in a community at about the same time is termed

epidemic.

originating outside an organ or part

exogenous infections

Contaminated items in the embalming room (like sponges) are not able to serve as a temporary reservoir long enough for the embalmer to become infected.

false

Pathogens obtained in contaminated food are a form of

indirect transmission.

The invasion, multiplication, and spreading of microorganisms causing harm to the host is

infection.

An infection which remains confined to a particular part of the body is termed

local.

An infection that is caused by two or more different organisms is a

mixed infection.

A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another is

non-communicable.

Kissing transmits infection by

physical contact.

Congenital disease transmission occurs through the

placenta.

An infection that occurs in neither endemic or epidemic form is

sporadic

A communicable disease that occurs in a community only as an occasional case is termed

sporadic.

Exogenous infections are infections by organisms not present in the body.

true

In the embalming room, embalmers attempt to control the growth of microorganisms contaminating equipment, instruments, and the deceased.

true

A bacterium which has a high degree of pathogenicity is said to be very

virulent.