Microbiology Final 2 (Chapter 11)
A primary difference between cyanobacteria and purple and green phototrophic bacteria is A. Energy source. B. Cell wall type. C. Electron donor for CO2 reduction. D. Cell type. E. Color.
C.
Enterics are... A. anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria that cause disease B. anaerobic bacteria C. facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative rods D. Gram-positive bacteria found in humans
C.
Match: Anaerobic endospore-forming gram-positive rods A. Escherichia B. Shigella C. Clostridium D. Corynebacterium E. Helicobacter
C.
Morphology Match: Gram-Positive Rod A. Streptococcus B. Neisseria C. Bacillus D. Shigella
C.
Motility Match: Axial Filaments A. Myxococcus B. Proteus C. Spirochetes D. Spirillum
C.
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus can be easily differentiated in a laboratory by which one of the following? A. Cell shape B. Gram stain reaction C. Growth in high salt concentrations D. Ability to cause disease E. None of the above
C.
What is the largest subgroup of the proteobacteria? A. alphaproteobacteria B. betaproteobacteria C. gammaproteobacteria D. epsilonproteobacteria
C.
Which of the following are found primarily in the intestines of humans? A. Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci B. Aerobic, helical bacteria C. Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods D. Gram-positive cocci E. None of the above
C.
Which of the following bacteria is NOT a firmicute? A. Staphylococcus B. Listeria C. Corynebacterium D. Streptococcus
C.
Which of the following is gram-positive? A. Pseudomonas B. Salmonella C. Streptococcus D. Bacteroides E. Rickettsia
C.
Which of the following is not a genera in the order of enterics? A. Klebsiella B. Salmonella C. Vibrio D. Serratia
C.
Which of these bacteria is NOT associated with foodborne illness? A. Staphylococcus aureus B. Salmonella C. Erwinia D. Shigella D. Campylobacter
C.
Which one of the following does not belong with the others? A. Enterococcus B. Lactobacillus C. Staphylococcus D. Streptococcus E. None of the above
C.
Which organism is an obligate anaerobe? A. Escherichia coli B. Bacillus anthracis C. Clostridium perfringens D. Staphylococcus aureus
C.
You have isolated a bacterium that grows in a medium containing only inorganic nutrients. Ammonia is oxidized to nitrate ion. This bacterium is A. Gram-negative B. using anaerobic respiration C. a chemoautotroph D. a photoautotroph E. a photoheterotroph
C.
Approximately 5000 different species of bacteria have been described. The actual number of bacteria species present on Earth is suspected to be in the millions. (Most haven't been discovered!)
Gee Whizz!
Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae, which is a gram-negative bacterium
Gee Whizz!
Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophs that use light energy and CO2 and do produce O2
Gee Whizz!
Erwinia is associated with plant pathogens
Gee Whizz!
Gonorrhea and meningococcal meningitis are both caused by gram-negative cocci
Gee Whizz!
Lactobacillales do not perform aerobic or anaerobic respiration
Gee Whizz!
Members of the phylum Proteobacteria are Gram-negative. They include the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, and epsilon- proteobacteria.
Gee Whizz!
Nongonococcal urethritis is most commonly caused by Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Neither of these bacteria has a cell wall
Gee Whizz!
Rheumatic fever is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, which is a gram-positive bacterium
Gee Whizz!
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, which is gram-negative
Gee Whizz!
Some actinomycetes are similar to filamentous fungi because they produce asexual reproductive spores
Gee Whizz!
Most of the gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria - largest taxonomic group
Proteobacteria
______ a frequent cause of nosocomial infections because it grows on unusual carbon sources and some antiseptics.
burkholderia
_____ are believed to have played a key role in changing Earth's atmosphere due to their production of oxygen
cyanobacteria
The Mycoplasmas appear to have evolved from gram-positive bacteria that have lost the genes that encode enzymes for peptidoglycan production. This evolutionary loss of genetic material is known as....
degenerative evolution
Which group of bacteria is known for containing organisms that are predators on other bacteria?
deltaproteobacteria
For reproduction in Chlamydia, the bacterial cells are released from host cells as ____ bodies.
elementary
Enteric bacteria would most likely be found in the intestinal tract of an animal
enterics
_____ are gram-negative facultative anaerobes that are found in the intestines of animals
enterics
The cyanobacteria are believed to have played a key role in changing Earth's atmosphere due to their production of...
oxygen
Unusual morphology - protrusions such as salks & buds
prosthecae
Escherichia coli belongs to which phylum?
proteobacteria
Being able to metabolize a wide variety of substrates is a defining trait of...
pseudomonas
Rickettsias - can cause human diseases often characterized by a rash - are classified as alpha-proteobacteria - are obligate intracellular parasites - are typically transmitted by insects and ticks
rickettsias
Rickettsias are different from most other bacteria in that they are obligate intracellular parasites
rickettsias
The members of this genus are often pathogenic and inhabit the intestinal tract of many animals, especially cattle and poultry
salmonella
Salmonella enterica is divided into many groups or "varieties," known as ____, based on serological tests.
serovars
A new microorganism has been discovered that resides in the mouths of dogs. This microorganism lacks a nucleus, has a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide, is shaped like a corkscrew, and is motile by means of an axial filament. This organism is most likely related to...
spirochaetes
Due their commercial value as a source of antibiotics, over 500 species of the genus ___ have been described.
streptomyces
All of the following can form filaments EXCEPT A. Borrelia B. Nocardia C. Streptomyces D. Mycoplasma E. Actinomyces
A.
Borrelia, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is a spirochete similar to the causative agent of syphilis, Treponema. Both bacteria... A. have axial filaments B. are gram-positive C. make endospores D. have flagella
A.
Cyanobacteria differ from purple and green phototrophic bacteria because cyanobacteria A. Produce oxygen during photosynthesis B. Do not require light C. Use H2S as an electron donor D. Have a membrane-enclosed nucleus E. All of the above
A.
Match: Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods A. Escherichia B. Clostridium C. Corynebacterium D. Helicobacter
A.
Match: Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods A. Shigella B. Clostridium C. Corynebacterium D. Helicobacter
A.
Morphology Match: Gram-Positive Coccus A. Streptococcus B. Neisseria C. Bacillus D. Shigella
A.
Motility Match: Gliding A. Myxococcus B. Spirochetes C. Proteus D. Spirillum
A.
The bacteria responsible for more infections and more different kinds of infections are.. A. Streptococcus B. Staphylococcus C. Salmonella D. Pseudomonas E. Neisseria
A.
Which of the following is an example of a helical bacterium that does NOT make a complete twist? A. Helicobacter B. Serratia C. Treponema D. Klebsiella E. Yersinia
A.
Which of the following is an intracellular parasite? A. Rickettsia B. Mycobacterium C. Bacillus D. Staphylococcus E. Streptococcus
A.
Which of the following is not gram-positive? A. Treponema B. Corynebacterium C. Bacillus D. Staphylococcus E. Mycobacterium
A.
The bacteria below belong to which phylum? - Actinomyces - Streptomyces - Mycobacterium - Corynebacterium
Actinobacteria
A bacterium isolated from the soil has the following characteristics: it is a gram-negative straight rod, it is aerobic and motile, it produces water-soluble pigment, and it readily grows on several common laboratory media. Ribosomal RNA analysis places this bacterium with the gammaproteobacteria. This organism is most likely in the genus A. Haemophilus B. Pseudomonas C. Bacillus D. Legionella E. Vibrio
B.
Azospirillum, Azotobacter, and Azomonas share which of the following? A. ability to reduce sulfur B. nitrogen-fixing ability C. human pathogenicity D. ability to conduct photosynthesis
B.
Erwinia bacteria produce an enzyme that breaks down pectin. You would expect Erwinia to cause diseases in which type of organism? A. insects B. plants C. humans D. animals
B.
If you Gram-stained the bacteria that live in the human intestine, you would expect to find mostly A. Gram-positive cocci B. Gram-negative rods C. Gram-positive, endospore-forming rods D. Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacteria E. All of the above
B.
Morphology Match: Gram-Negative Cocci A. Streptococcus B. Neisseria C. Bacillus D. Shigella
B.
Motility Match: Gliding A. Spirochetes B. Motile Cyanobacteria (A) C. Proteus D. Spirillum
B.
Spirillum is not classified as a spirochete because spirochetes A. Do not cause disease B. Possess axial filaments C. Possess flagella D. Are prokaryotic E. none of the above
B.
The members of this genus are commonly found in water and soil. They are often capable of fixing nitrogen. A. Salmonella B. Klebsiella C. Enterobacter D. Haemophilus
B.
When Legionella was newly discovered, it was classified with the pseudomonads because A. It is a pathogen B. It is an aerobic gram-negative rod C. It is difficult to culture D. It is found in water E. None of the above
B.
Which of the following bacteria does NOT fix nitrogen? A. Rhizobium B. Nitrobacter C. Azotobacter D. some cyanobacteria E. Azospirillum
B.
Which of the following does not belong with the others? A. Enterobacteriales B. Lactobacillales C. Legionellales D. Pasteurellales C. Vibrionales
B.
Which of the following genera contains organisms that are psychrotrophic? A. Staphylococcus B. Listeria C. Bacillus D. Streptococcus
B.
Which of the following lacks a cell wall? A. Borrelia B. Mycoplasma C. Mycobacterium D. Clostridium E. Nocardia
B.
All of the following groups include bacteria that are pathogenic for humans EXCEPT __________. A. Firmicutes B. gammaproteobacteria C. alphaproteobacteria D. cyanobacteria
D.
Match: Pleomorphic gram-positive rods A. Escherichia B. Shigella C. Clostridium D. Corynebacterium E. Helicobacter
D.
Morphology Match: Gram-Negative Rod A. Streptococcus B. Neisseria C. Bacillus D. Shigella
D.
Motility Match: Flagella A. Myxococcus B. Motile Cyanobacteria C. Spirochetes D. Proteus
D.
Streptomyces differs from Actinomyces because Streptomyces... A. causes nitrogen-fixing nodules B. produces conidia C. forms filaments D. is aerobic E. None of the above
D.
The members of this genus often inhabit the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract. They are pathogenic. A. Salmonella B. Klebsiella C. Enterobacter D. Haemophilus
D.
Which of the following bacteria is NOT gram-negative A. Leptospira B. Borrelia C. Treponema D. Helicobacter
D.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic inherent of the non-endospore-forming gram-positive rods? A. are aerotolerant' B. carry out fermentative metabolism C. display a branched filamentous morphology D. nonpathogenic E. lack cell walls
D.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of spirochetes? A. Possess an axial filament B. Gram-negative C. Helical shape D. Easily observed with brightfield microscopy E. Difficult to culture in vitro
D.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the regular, nonsporing gram-positive rods? A. Aerotolerant B. Fermentative metabolism C. Don't produce endospores D. Nonpathogenic E. None of the above
D.
Which of the following is the best reason to classify Streptococcus in the Lactobacillales? A. Gram reaction B. Morphology C. Fermentation of lactose D. rRNA sequences E. All of the above
D.
Which of the following organisms produce endospores? A. Escherichia species B. Salmonella species C. Listeria species D. Bacillus species
D.
Which of the following is an endospore-forming bacterium? A. Nocardia B. Streptomyces C. Corynebacterium D. Streptococcus E. Bacillus
E.
Which of the following is not an enteric? A. Salmonella B. Shigella C. Escherichia D. Enterobacter E. Staphylococcus aureus
E.
Enterics, like many bacteria, produce proteins called bacteriocins that cause the lysis of closely related species of bacteria. Bacteriocins may help maintain the ecological balance of various enterics in the intestines. Important genera of the order include Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Serratia, Proteus, Yersinia, Erwinia, Enterobacter, and Cronobacter
Enterics
This organism was first associated with an outbreak of pneumonia at a 1976 American Legion convention
Legionella
Mycoplasma - Highly pleomorphic - Unusually small bacteria - Produce filaments that resemble fungi - Genetically related to gram-postive bacteria
Mycoplasma
The prefix -azo (absense of life) is associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
Pelagibacter - very small cells, just within the resolving capability of most light microscopes. - free living bacteria - small genome - one of the most abundant microorganisms in the marine environment
Pelagibacter
Bacterial photosynthesis and/or photosynthetic bacteria - Green nonsulfur bacteria use organic compounds as the source of electrons for reduction of carbon dioxide. - Some photosynthetic bacteria are also capable of chemoheterotrophic growth. - Cyanobacteria carry out the photosynthetic process similar to the way plants and algae do. - Some photosynthetic bacteria are anaerobes.
Properties of Photosynthetic Bacteria
Some members of the genus Rhizobium are notable for their ability to form nodules in plant roots that allow nitrogen fixation making them important for agriculture.
Rhizobium
Agriculturally important bacteria capable of nitrogen-fixation in symbiosis with plants
alphaproteobacteria
Which genus features species that cause Botulism and anthrax; diseases caused by endospore-forming bacteria?
bacillus
Peritonitis resulting from a perforated bowel is often caused by...
bacteroides
Enterobacteriales are belong to which phylum?
gammaproteobacteria
What is the largest subgroup of the proteobacteria?
gammaproteobacteria
What phylum does the bacteria Pseudomonadales belong?
gammaproteobacteria
The ______ are used in the commercial production of yogurt, buttermilk, and sauerkraut.
lactobacilli
Which member of the gammaproteobacteria is a potential cause of pneumonia and can be found in warm-water supply lines and air conditioning cooling towers?
legionella
______ are strictly anaerobic archaea that produce methane as an end-product by combining hydrogen (H2) with carbon dioxide (CO2). These archaea are of considerable economic importance when they are used in sewage treatment
methanogens
_______ are part of the microbiota of the human colon, vagina, and mouth.
methanogens
