Microbiology (quarter 1 quizzes)

the frequency and intensity of HABs (harmful algae blooms) has increased for which of the following reasons a) global warming b) increased phosphate-rich runoff c) decreased salt percentages in ocean d) increased nitrogen run off e) algae has become resistant to antibiotics

a, b, and d

Select ALL of the following that regularly cause harmful algal bloom (HAB) a) Phytoplankton b) Cyanobacteria c) Diatoms d) Archaea e) Dinoflagellates

a, b, c, and e

Select all of the following that are names fro the heavily littered areas that lies in the North Pacific Ocean? a) Trash vortex b) Eastern Garbage Patch c) Horse Latitudes d) Dumpster Whirlpool e) Plastic Junk Pool f) Asian Trash Trail g) North Pacific Gyre

a, b, c, f, and g

the concentration of nutrients within a cell

acquiring nutrients

When you say that a plasmid is promiscuous you are saying that... (there is only one best answer) a) it is likely having sex out of wedlock b) it infects more then one species c) it passes from cell to cell unlike other plasmids d) it divides itself more freely then monogamous plasmids e) it is unwilling to commit

b

It is thought, through examination of many ancient human sites and study of contemporary hunter-gathers, that women from these societies has perhaps 150 menstrual cycles while most women today have as many as 400. Because if this... (select all that are true) a) it is believed that modern women (and people generally!) are more involved. b) it is thought that they had children sooner in life and were pregnant throughout more of their lives than modern women c) it is thought they had lossless breast cancer than modern women d) it is thought that they had more hormonal surges than modern women

b and c

Deinococcus radiodurans is particularly known for: a) living at intense levels of heat b) being able to withstand levels of gamma radiation that kill the majority of organisms c) being used in making explosives d) have cell walls that limits the radiation that passes through e) being able to survive being almost completely dried out

b and e

Resistance genes are commonly found in __________________. a) plasmids b) the nucleus of the bacterium c) cell surface proteins d) ribosomes e) mitochondria

a

Which of the following make C botulinum particularly treacherous. a) anaerobic b) produces endospores c) quick reproduction d) can penetrate intestinal walls e) arrives under the cover of darkness...

a and b

Nucleation is involved in which of the following processes? a) seeding clouds b) alternate forms of energy c) ice crystal formation d) the formation of red clay

a and c

Select ALL of the following classes of organisms that have at least a couple species that are known to fix nitrogen. a) bacteria b) viruses c) archaea d) fungi e) legumes

a and c

Which of the following are genetic routes by which bacteria can become antibiotic resistant? a) bacteria can alter the component which the antibiotic is targeting b) bacteria can activate the antibiotic by changing its chemical structure c) bacteria can exclude the antibiotic from the cells interior by pumping it out as soon as it enters d) bacteria can create a thick wall that prevents antibiotics from entering

a and c

In this question you must determine if the statement is true or false. Natural selection is unable to provide us with perfect protection against all pathogens, because they tend to evolve more quickly because they have less stable genes than humans a) both statements are false b) both statements are true c) first statement is true, and second statement is false d) first statement is false, and second statement is true

c

Knowing whether a bacteria is gram positive or gram negative can potentially tell us what about the organism? Select all that apply a) its shape b) how long it can survive without a host c) likelihood that it is resistant to antibiotics d) the rate of reproduction

c

Many crustose species of lichens grow at a rates less than _______________ in diameter per year. a) a meter b) a centimeter c) half a millimeter d) a nanometer

c

What of the following is not true about the Kingdom Archaea? a) contains species that can produce methane gas b) none are known to cause disease c) they are eukaryote d) have species that can survive the most extreme environments on earth

c

Which bacterial disease is also known as the "strangling disease"? a) rabies b) polio c) diptheria d) tuberculosis

c

Which of the following statements is true for rabies? a) can be successfully treated with antibiotics in initial stages of infection b) can be successfully treated with antivirals in late stages of infection c) can be successfully treated with vaccines in initial stages of infection d) does not need be treated because it has been eradicated in humans

c

Why are fungal infections so har to treat? Select ALL that apply. a) because they are not as well studied as viruses and bacteria b) they have thick outer walls c) because they are metabolically similar to us and harming them harms us d) because they are so difficult to diagnose

c

Without resupplying atmospheric carbon dioxide how long would the supply last? a) 100 years b) less than a year c) about 20 years d) 1 month

c

Microbes have been found to thrive in which of the following hostile conditions? a) molten lava b) below the freezing point of water c) brine of 30% salt d) astroids in deep space e) above the boiling point of water f) 200 atm pressure g) sterilizing radiation

c, e, and f

Select ALL of the correct responses: Nodule-forming bacteria... a) are mostly from the Kingdom Archaea b) are selected by their symbiotic partners c) can only rarely be cultured in the laboratory d) live in the soil

d

The bacterium most likely to survive in a nuclear post apocalypse would be: a) Chlorophyllum molybdites b) Gymnodinium breve c) Streptococcus rediophilum d) none of these e) Vibrio cholerae

d

Tuberculosis was a widespread, deadly disease in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Today it kills relatively few people. According to the author, which of the factors below is MOST responsible for this? a) Public education about the disease b) Improved sanitation, nutrition, and living conditions c) Effective vaccinations d) Introduction of anti-TB drug e) decreased virulence

e

the production of things like amino acids and nucleotides

making the building blocks of a macromolecule

the creation of simple simple chemical substances from raw material

processing nutrients

the creation of proteins and nucleic acids such as DNA

making macromolecules

Bacteroids are the energy-storing phase of the bacterial lifecycle, just before dividing. True or False

False

Please match the following lichens to their method/location of growth 1. grows on rocks/trees that have a flat solid surface 2. attaches at a single point, forms complex branched structure 3. grows as a series of leak like lobes

1. Crustose Lichen 2. Fructicose Lichen 3. Foliose Lichen

Match the disease with its corresponding pathogen 1. Ophiostoma Ulmi 2. Phytophthora Infestans 3. Phytophthora Ramorum 4. Cryphonectria Parasitica

1. Dutch elm disease 2. Potato blight 3. Sudden oak death 4. Chestnut blight

Match the manner with which organisms obtain energy with their definitions. 1. feeds itself by breaking down organic compounds 2. feeds itself by utilizing inorganic chemical reactions to produce organic compounds 3. feeds itself by turning sun's energy and carbon dioxide into organic compounds

1. heterotroph 2. chemoautotroph 3. autotroph

Match the enzyme with its correct function 1. Alpha-galactosidase 2. Proteases 3. Lipase 4. Beta-gluconase 5. Pectinase

1. reduces flatulence 2. breaks down proteins in blood stains 3. removes water-insoluble fats & oils (grease stains) 4. removes the haze from beer by breaking down a plant-wall substance 5. used to beautify foods (clarify fruit juices & wines)

Cows, um, emit methane because of microbes living in their rumen. These microbes, termed methanogens, are unique to only one class of microbes. Which one? a) prions b) fungi c) algae d) protists e) archaea

Archaea

Why might viruses be called the "ultimate parasite"

Since a virus isn't alive. it can't reproduce on its own. The only way for the virus to survive and multiply is to attach to a host and feed off the nutrients that the host produces. This makes a virus an "ultimate parasite".

Where does the "retro" in the name retrovirus come from? a) genetic information flows from RNA to DNA b) genetic information flows from DNA to RNA c) it is a reverse-engineered virus d) it's infection cycle is backward compared to non-retroviruses e) it longs fro the 1950s

a

Which of the following are distinctive effects of malolactic fermentation on wine? a) increase flavor complexity unachievable through regular fermentation b) increase the pH c) prevents carbonation d) makes the wine more acidic

a and b

Actinomycetes are... a) experts at making unusual compounds b) responsible for feeding giant clams c) the notable producers of DMSP d) responsible for giving soil its scent

a and d

Select all parts of the nitrogen cycle in which bacteria play the prominent role? a) Ammonia to nitrite b) Fixed nitrogen to gaseous nitrogen c) Nitrate to nitrate d) Nitrogen fixation

a, b, c, and d

Diatomaceous earth is used in which of the following? a) as an additive in animal feed to keep the feed from caking b) in a sweetened paste that effectively controls/kills cockroaches c) producing brevitoxin A d) manufacturing cement e) controlling Red Tides f) making dynamite

a, b, d, and f

Which of the following are symptoms of Ergotism? a) gangrenous sores b) suppressed immune function c) running for president d) convolutions e) acne f) enhanced athletic ability g) high fertility h) hallucinations

a, b, d, and h

Eggs can actually last at room temperature for several months without spoiling. Matching the antimicrobial molecule with its mode of action -binds to iron making it unavailable to microbes (a) -weakens the bonds in the cell wall of bacteria, causing the cell to explode due to the pressure from within (b) -binds to the vitamin biotin, leaving it unavailable to microbes that need it to survive (c)

a- Conalbumin b- lysozyme c- avidin

the production of organelles and who cell parts

assembling macromolecules

A mat of purple and green sulfur bacteria are found in several locations in the world, always in a small stable lake which also houses sulfur-reducing bacteria. the sulfur-reducing bacteria supply the purple and green bacteria with ________________. a) sulfate b) hydrogen sulfide c) elemental sulfur d) sulfuric acid

b

Aphids are tiny, soft-bodied insects that produce _______________ from their hind ends. a) sap b) honey dew c) Beetle juice d) butt drops e) aloe

b

Coenosarcs are... a) a group of tentacles that polyps use to collect food b) protoplasm filled tubes that are used by polyp communities to exchange nutrients c) a specific ecologically functioning unit of a reef d) hard calcium carbonate tubes that polyps are housed in

b

Sick individuals are believed to have low levels of ___1___ in their blood as part of the body's protection system for illness. ___1___ is stored away in the ___2___ to prevent bacterial from stealing it for use a) 1. iron 2. kidney b) 1. iron 2. liver c) 1. magnesium 2. kidney d) 1. magnesium 2. liver

b

Why are lactic acid bacteria ideal for cheese making? (Select ALL that apply.) a) they are only mildly acidic which prevents over-curdling b) they do not use oxygen from respiration which prevents oxidatively damaging milk subtle flavor c) they are exclusively fermenters and don't use any other system of energy metabolism d) they are already present in fresh milk

b, c, and d

Which of the viruses listed below have been prevented or controlled because of vaccination? Select ALL that apply. a) Common cold b) Yellow fever c) Rabies d) Measles e) HIV f) Smallpox

b, c, d, and f

Which of the following are symptoms of ergotism? a) an empty, hollow feeling b) lesions c) feeling of grandeur d) hallucinations e) muscle contractions

b, d, and e

A type of classification that distinguishes between different stains of microbes by using specific antibodies that react with specific surface structures on the microbe. a) Genotype b) Species c) Serotype d) Antibodies

c

Extreme cold tolerant bugs much bewitch of the following? a) nailphiles b) halophiles c) psychrophiles d) piezophiles e) bibliophiles

c

The oxidation of which component of pyrite produces highly acidic sulfuric acid? (select one) a) zinc ion b) copper ion c) sulfide ion d) ferrous ion e) gold ion

c

What happened in the sewage treatment plants when detergents started to be made with branched chains of carbon rather then straight chains of carbon? (Select ALL that apply) a) There was a bloom of bacteria that could metabolize branched chains of carbon b) It stopped foaming c) Branched chains never replaced straight chains d) Environmental damage went down

c

In large fungi, reproduction occurs in the ___________________. a) stamens b) ovaries c) mycelium d) mushroom e) hyphae

d

What are the three groups in which all cellular organisms could fall under? a) alternative, country, rock b) mammal, amphibia, reptile c) bacteria, virus, archaea d) bacteria, archaea, eucarye e) virus, eucarya, microbe

d

What class of microbes do most extremophiles belong to? a) Metazoa b) bacteria c) Reptilia d) archaea e) Eukarya

d

What confounds studies on evolution because it opens the possibility that an organism genes and characteristics might not all be derived linearly from its hereditary past? a) harmful algal bloom b) thinning ozone c) mutualistic symbioses d) something like one bacterium laterally transferring DNA to another bacterium e) none of the above

d

What damage do lethal doses of gamma radiation do to a cell? a) it kills the cell by breaking down the cell wall b) it kills the cell by activating viruses c) it kills the cell by destroying it's enzymes d) it kills the cell by breaking its DNA into fragments

d

What oxygen-sensitive enzyme is necessary in order for bacteria to create its own fixed nitrogen? a) salt peter b) nitro cellulase c) cyanobacter d) nitrogenase e) ammoniase

d

Which antibiotic remains effective against most gram positive bacteria? a) Cephalosporin b) Refampin c) Streptomycin d) Vancomycin

d

cellulose is readily degraded by microbes because __________________. (Select ALL that apply) a) Actually, cellulose is not readily degraded by microbes b) it highly insoluble in water c) cellulose is always found in an anaerobic environment d) microbes have had hundreds of millions of years to figure out how to take advantage of cellulose

d

The function of rennet in cheese making is _________________. a) to provide raw material for the bacteria to work on b) to acidify the milk c) to inhibit unwanted bacterial growth d) the formation of curds e) the cleaving of casein

d and e

Which of the following gives color to corals? a) sea anemones b) phytoplankton c) algae d) gymnodinium breve e) zooxanthellae

e