Microbiology
Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.
True
Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.
True
Hot Carbol Fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid fast stain.
True
If you observe rod shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been gram stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin.
True
The prokaryotic cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.
True
All bacterial cells have
a chromosome.
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease.
The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria
acid-fast
Protists include
algae and protozoa.
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?
capsule
The site/s for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the
cell membrane.
The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's
cell wall.
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial
cell walls
Organelles found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi are the
chloroplasts.
Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages, except
cilia.
When a rod shaped bacteria is short and plump, it is called a:
coccobacillus
Eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella because only eukaryotic flagella
contain microtubules
The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called
decomposers
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on
determining evolutionary relatedness
Pasteur used swan-neck flasks in his experiments to prove that
dust in air was a source of living microorganisms.
The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the
endoplasmic reticulum
The cell _____ is composed of three layers: the glycocalyx, the cell wall, and the cell membrane.
envelope
Eukaryote cells have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
false
Eukaryote ribosomes have 2 subunits; their sizes are 50S (large subunit) and 30S (small subunit).
false
Gram negative bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and multiple layers in their cell wall.
false
Meiosis is a necessary step in prokaryotic sexual reproduction.
false
The structure and composition of flagella in prokaryote and eukaryote cells is the same.
false
Viruses are cells.
false
Volume 5 contains 9 phyla; they are all related
false
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right):
family, genus, species
The prokaryotic flagellum has three parts: the _____, the hook, and the basal body.
filament
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called
fimbriae.
A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has
flagella.
The function of bacterial endospores is
for protection of genetic material during harsh conditions.
Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of
fungi
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms the process is called
genetic engineering.
Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of
gram-negative bacteria.
A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is
gram-positive.
Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
False
If during the Gram stain procedure, the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.
False
Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.
False
The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane.
False
The term diplococci refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.
False
Which scientist discovered heat resistant bacterial spores?
Ferdinand Cohn
A photoautotroph is an organism that
Fixes carbon using light energy
Which process involves the deliberate alternation of an organism's genetic material?
Genetic engineering
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the
Golgi apparatus.
A prokaryotic ribosome has a 70 S size composed of two smaller subunits of which the smaller subunit is ___ size and the larger one is ____ size.
30S, 50S
The size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is
80S
Scientists use the scientific theory to explain natural phenomena. Which of the following is true?
A theory is supported by much experimental data and evidence
The function of the glycocalyx in a prokaryotic cell is
All of the above
Which of the following are some of the vital roles that microorganisms play in balancing the Earth's ecosystem?
All of the above
Which of the following scientists conducted experiments to try and refute the theory of spontaneous generation?
All of the above
Endospores are
All of the choices are correct
The cytoskeleton
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?
All of the choices are correct.
The father of microbiology is considered to be
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.
Which of the following is a scientific name?
Bacillus subtilis
The conversion of uranium into a less toxic form is an example of the use of microorganisms in
Bioremediation
Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?
Bread mold
Which of the following are examples of prokaryotic obligate intracellular parasites?
Chlamydias
The endosymbiotic theory helps scientists understand how eukaryotes developed
Chloroplasts
Which of the following is mismatched?
Coxiella burnetti: Cow po
Which of the following is the correct way to write a scientific name following the rules of bionomial nomenclature?
Cryptococcus neoformans
What is the correct sequence for a Gram stain?
Crystal Violet, Gram's iodine, Alcohol, Safranin
Which is (cyno) mismatched?
Cyanobacteria - filamentous, gliding, thermophilic bacteria
The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was
Joseph Lister
Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?
Kingdom
Taxonomy does not involve
Koch's postulates
A parasite is an organism that
Lives in another organism and feeds off its nutrients to the detriment of that organism
The theory of Spontaneous Generation states that
Living things can arise from non-living things
Edward Jenner was the 1st person to use vaccines in the Western world; which other culture had already been using this method to fight infectious disease?
Mayan Indians
Which kingdom does not contain any eukaryotes
Monera
A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is
Mycobacterium.
Which of the following is true about prokaryotes?
None of the above
Louis Pasteur is famous for inventing
Pasteurization
A scientist discovers a new microbial species. It is a single-celled eukaryote without cell walls. In which kingdom will it likely be classified?
Protista
Cilia are found in certain
Protozoa
Which of the following, pertaining to prokaryotic cell membranes, is mismatched?
unique hydrocarbon present - cyanobacteria
Protists with contractile vacuoles
use them to expel excess water from the cell.
Bacterial organisms make endospores when
when nutrients are limited
Which activity is an example of biotechnology?
humans using yeast to make beer and wine
Lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, provides a natural defense against bacteria by
hydrolyzing peptidoglycan in cell walls
Where are you most likely to find bacteria belonging to the domain Archaea?
in a hot spring
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease, except
inclusions.
All of the following pertain to photosynthesis, except
it occurs only in members of the kingdom Plantae.
All of the following are correct about a slime layer, except
it plays a role in cell motility
Spontaneous generation is the belief that
living things arise from nonliving matter.
Bacteria with small bunches of flagella emerging from the same site are said to be
lophotrichous.
The enzyme _____, that is found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.
lysozyme
Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes?
malaria
Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found?
mitochondria
The eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the
mitochondria.
Which of the following are not considered microorganisms?
mosquitoes
The eukaryotic cell's glycocalyx is
mostly polysaccharide.
During the Gram stain, gram _____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
negative
An important indicator of evolutionary relatedness is to determine
nitrogen base sequence of rRNA.
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis in eukaryotes is the
nucleolus.
Helminths are
parasitic worms
Disease-causing microorganisms are called
pathogens
_____ is a macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptide fragments.
peptidoglycan
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments).
The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is
peritrichous
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called
phylogeny.
Which cell structure is an important agent in modern genetic engineering techniques?
plasmids
Which is mismatched?
plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism
The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is
predominance of unique, waxy lipids
The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called
prokaryotes
The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be
protein synthesis would stop
Histones are
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
Cell walls are not found on typical cells of
protozoa
The 3-domain phylogenetic tree is based on
rRNA analysis
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
tetrad
All of the following are correct about prokaryotes, except
they have organelles.
Mitotic cellular division results in exact clones of the parent cell
true
Mycoplasma bacteria lack cell walls and exhibit pleomorphism.
true
Myxobacteria have unusual characteristics. They act like fungi or slime molds.
true
Prokaryote cellular division is called binary fission
true
The Archaea are extremophiles because they still have adaptations in their cells that were necessary during Early Earth which was a soup of heat and toxic gases.
true
The Archaea are grouped with the phototrophic bacteria (Volume 1) because evolutionarily they are the oldest organisms.
true
The formation of the chromosome tetrad in Meiosis I allows for genetic recombination
true
Based on the definition of microbiology, viruses are classed as 'microorganisms' because
They are too small to be seen with the naked eye
Which statement is not a characteristic of biofilms?
They involve bacteria only.
The most common infectious cause of death worldwide is
HIV/AIDS.
Which of the following are prokaryotic?
I & II
In the Gram stain, the mordant is
Iodine.
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _____.
Ribosomal RNA
The smallest and most significant taxon is
Species
Which is the correct order of taxonomic groups from most specific to most general or inclusive
Species, family, order, phylum, domain
Bacterial endospores are not produced by
Staphylococcus.
Organisms called parasites are
always harmful to their host.
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Which of the following are the main decomposers of the earth?
bacteria and fungi
Which of the following is not a process in the scientific method?
belief in a preconceived idea
When microbes are introduced into the environment to restore stability, the process is called
bioremediation.
When assigning a scientific name to an organism
both genus and species names are italicized or underlined.
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called
sex pili.
