Microbiology Vocabulary - Chapter 23 - Module 3

hexachlorophene

450 times more effective as a germicide than phenol When wanting to disinfect something with a lot of germs you can use hexachlorophene instead of phenol.

carbolic acid

A very poisonous chemical substance made from tar and also found in some plants and essential oils Carbolic acid is also a germicide.

chemical menthols of controlling microorganisms

Antimicrobial agents ending in -cide are agents that will kill; those that end in -static are agents that will prevent growth Bactericide, virucide, and fungicide are examples of chemical methods of controlling microorganisms.

refrigeration

Artificial cooling that drastically reduces microbial growth of certain bacteria. Refrigeration Is another method to slow down the growth of bacteria by lowering temperatures.

quaternary ammonium compounds

Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics that damage microbial membranes and denature microbial proteins You can use quaternary ammonium compounds to allow contents to leak out

chlorine

Chlorine is a gas so it forms with water to be Sodium Hypochlorite (5% solution) When cleaning blood spills you can use chlorine

sporicides

Kill bacteria and mold spores (terminal disinfection of embalming, instruments, and equipment When killing bacteria while embalming you can use sporicides

larvicides

Kill larva (wormlike forms of newly hatched insects Larvicides include pesticides for example: Methoprene

disinfection

Removal or destruction of pathogens (spores and some microorganisms remain) Disinfection is the lowest level of microbial growth control.

benzalkonium chloride

Surface Active Agents or Surfactants Benzalkonium chloride can become deactivated in the presence of soap.

freezing

The change of state from a liquid to a solid The freezing process causes microbes to go into a dormant state, unallowing them to further grow

cremation

The reduction of a dead human body to inorganic bone fragments by intense heat in a specifically designed retort or chamber. Cremation in the final disposition of a deceased body.

boiling

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas Boiling water is a simple method of disinfection that can kill most pathogenic organisms

cresols

Used to produce Lysol, Used in insecticides You can use cresols as deodorizers

alcohols

Widely used as disinfectants that control microbes by denaturing proteins, and dissolving the cell membrane and microorganism A basic disinfectant would be any alcohols.

glutaraldehyde

a chemical compound with many uses, including as a disinfectant, tissue fixative, and hardening agent when disinfecting while embalming you can use glutaraldehyde

bactericides

a chemical that kill bacteria Bactericides kills bacteria but not necessarily spores

fungicides

a chemical that kills fungi In human medicine, fungicides are given as topical anti-fungal creams or oral medicine.

germicide

a chemical that kills germs Germicide kills microorganisms but not spores.

insecticide

a chemical used to kill insects Bacillus thuringiensis is a commonly used insecticide that kills specific species of insect larvae

isopropyl alcohol

a clear, flammable, and volatile liquid with a sharp, musty odor that is used as a solvent and rubbing alcohol In any store you can buy isopropyl alcohol for cleaning from 70-90%

formaldehyde

a colorless pungent gas in solution made by oxidizing methanol. the basic ingredient is most arterial fluids is formaldehyde

formalin

a colorless solution of formaldehyde in water, used chiefly as a preservative for biological specimens When creating a solution of water and formaldehyde it is considered formalin

ethyl alcohol

a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid C2H5OH that is the intoxicating agent in liquors and is also used as a solvent and in fuel Hand sanitizer carries ethyl alcohol.

ceepryn chloride

a trade name for cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound with a variety of uses, including as an antiseptic in oral hygiene products When needing to disinfect the gums you can use creepryn chloride

aldehydes

an organic compound containing the group —CHO, formed by the oxidation of alcohols In embalming you use aldehydes for the basic function of embalming.

halogens

any element of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine When doing water treatments you can use halogens.

antisepsis

destroying harmful microorganisms from living tissue antisepsis in the use of chemical compounds to prevent germs that cause infections to the body

free flowing stream

has about the same sterilizing effects as boiling water If free flowing, steam is maintained at a sufficient temper-ature, it works the same as boiling water as a sterilizer.

dry heat

kills by oxidation Dry heat is used to sterilize by bowling hot air on the surface of an object to a temperature that is very high.

scrubbing

manual process by which microorganisms are removed from a surface; vigorous and forceful Scrubbing is done with a scrub brush or chemical antiseptic soap to remove bacterial manually.

physical methods of controlling organisms

physical techniques, such as heat, to disinfect and sterilize objects and surfaces. Scrubbing, temperature, and light are physical methods of control.

sterilization

removing and destroying all microbial life (living cells, viable spores. viruses, viroids) Sterilization is the highest level of microbial growth control

steam uber pressure

sterilization Steam under pressure is the use of steam reaching high temperatures to kill microbes on surfaces.

incineration

the burning of solid waste Waste material like chemical or biological waste is incinerated to be turned into ashes.

iodine

the chemical element of atomic number 53, a nonmetallic element forming black crystals and a violet vapor. When improving soft tissue structures you can use iodine