Mid terms study guide science

The age structure of a population in the number or percentage of- a.) females under reproductive age Th b.) females at reproductive age c.) males age 15 to 44 d.) the number people in the young, middle, and older age groups

D.) the number of people in the young, middle, and older ages

Between 1850 and 2009, the global urban revolution resulted in urban population increasing from.... - a.) 2% to 50% b.) 7% to 62% c.) 14% to 43% d.) 15% to 92%

a.) 2% to 50%

In 2009, the world population is about... - a.) 6.8 billion people b.) 2.9 billion people c.) 9.3 billion people d.) 6.8 million people e.) 7.2 billion people

a.) 6.8 billion people

The three most populated countries on the Earth are, in order of population size from largest to smallest: - a.) China, India, and the United States b.) India, China, and the United States c.) China, Brazil, and India d.) China, India, and Brazil e.) India, China, and Brazil

a.) China, India, and the United States

An exponential growth curve depicting an ever-growing population is shaped like the letter... - a.) J b.) L c.) M d.) S e.) U

a.) J

Which of the following is an example of recycling? - a.) collecting and remelting aluminum soda cans and making them into new cans b.) cleaning and refilling used soft-drink bottles c.) selling used clothing at a garage sale d.) selling leftovers in an old peanut butter jar e.) using water from the house to water a garden

a.) collecting and remelting aluminum soda cans and making them into new cans

Which of the following best categorizes the most common form of interspecific species interactions? - a.) competition b.) mutualism c.) parasitism d.) commensalism

a.) competition

Which of the following is NOT among the scientific principles of sustainability? - a.) economic growth b.) reliance on solar energy c.) biodiversity d.) chemical cycling e.) population control

a.) economic growth

When scientists are testing ideas to determine facts, they... - a.) follow a specific set of logical steps b.) report observations to the scientific community without data collection c.) use different steps that are unique to each scientist d.) need to include their "biases" in their findings

a.) follow a specific set of logical steps

Age structure diagrams can be divided into all of the following categories EXCEPT: a.) infant b.) prereproductive c.) reproductive d.) postreproductive

a.) infant

If a country's ecological footprint is larger than its biological capacity to replenish its renewable resources and absorb the resulting waste and pollution, then... - a.) it is said to have an ecological deficit b.) It should be supported by other countries with smaller footprints c.) it is said to be sustainable society d.) it is most likely a developing country

a.) it is said to have an ecological deficit

Although it took thousands of years for the human population to increase to the first 2 billion, it took ____ years for it to increase by another 2 billion. - a.) just less than 50 b.) 100 c.) 200 d.) 75

a.) just less than 50

Women possess ______ of the world's land. - a.) less than 2% b.) 10% c.) 25% d.) 50% e.) 75%

a.) less than 2%

The cultural carrying capacity is the..... - a.) maximum number of people the Earth can support at a reasonable level of comfort and freedom without impairing the planet's ability to sustain future generations in the same way b.) The degree to which an urban area can support a variety of cultural entities such as museums and symphony orchestras c.) the maximum number of people that can be supported in a fashion that allows them to pursue culturally satisfying forms of social interaction d.) number of humans the planet can support with consumptive

a.) maximum number of people the Earth can support at a reasonable level of comfort and freedom without impairing the planet's ability to sustain future generations in the same way

Which of the following terms encompasses (includes) all of the others? - a.) natural capital b.) natural resources c.) natural services d.) nutrient cycling e.) photosynthesis

a.) natural capital

Prey are least likely to defend themselves against predators by... - a.) pursuit and ambush b.) acute sense of sight and smell c.) protective shells d.) warning coloration

a.) pursuit and ambush

Which of the following categories of resources can be degraded if used beyond sustainable yield (using more that can be re-created by nature)? - a.) renewable resources b.) perpetual resources c.) energy resources d.) mineral resources e.) nonrenewable resources

a.) renewable resources

Which of the following would exhibit primary succession? - a.) rock exposed by a retreating glacier b.) an abandoned farm c.) a forest that has been clear-cut d.) a forest that has been burned

a.) rock exposed by a retreating glacier

The key reason we should care about recovery of the southern sea otter population is... - a.) the fact that they are a keystone species b.) their charismatic personality, which makes them pleasant to observe c.) because they are a food source for humans d.) because they are a food source for tuna, which is a food source for humans

a.) the fact that they are a keystone species

In the demographic transition model, birth and death rates are high during - a.) the preindustrial stage b.) the industrial stage c.) the postindustrial stage d.) the transitional stage

a.) the preindustrial stage

In the demographic transition model, death rates fall and birth remain high during- a.) the preindustrial stage b.) the industrial stage c.) the postindustrial stage d.) the transitional stage

a.) the preindustrial stage

Full-cost pricing of gasoline refers to taxing gasoline by the gallon, as it is purchased, to cover the estimated harmful cost of driving. This tax has been estimated to be: - a.) $2.90 per gallon b.) $12.00 per gallon just for the tax c.) $12.00 per gallon when combined with the cost of the gas itself d.) $4.00 per gallon

b.) $12.00 per gallon just for the tax

The population change in a particular area or country in a particular year can be calculated by... - a.) (births + emigration) - (deaths + immigration) b.) (births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration) c.) (deaths + immigration) - (births + emigration) d.) (deaths + emigration) - (births + immigration) e.) (births + deaths) - (immigration + emigration)

b.) (births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration)

How many people are estimated to live in acute poverty today in developing countries? - a.) 140,000 b.) 1.4 billion c.) 82 million d.) 1.4 million

b.) 1.4 billion

Women receive about _____ of the world's income - a.) 1% b.) 10% c.) 25% d.) 50% e.) 75%

b.) 10%

Which of the following is a characteristic of frontier science? - a.) It tries to present itself as reliable, but has not had any peer review b.) It deals with preliminary (new) data c.) It can never be considered reliable science d.) It is widely accepted by scientists in the same field

b.) It deals with preliminary (new) data

The concentration of the U.S. population into urban areas has had the following positive effect on our natural resources: - a.) It has reduced the use of fossil fuels, as delivery of essential goods and services occurs in a more defined, smaller area b.) It has helped protect the country's biodiversity by reducing the destruction and degradation of wildlife habitat c.) It has reduced global warming, since the use of fossil fuels occurs only in very concentrated areas

b.) It has helped protect the country's biodiversity by reducing the destruction and degradation of wildlife habitat

"Fecal Snow" can be found in which of the following cities? - a.) Sao Paulo b.) Mexico City c.) Calcutta d.) Rio de Janeiro

b.) Mexico City

There are currently a number of megacities on the planet, with populations greater than 10 million. The first hypercity on the planet, with a population of 35 million, is... - a.) Mumbai, India b.) Tokyo, Japan c.) New York City, USA d.) Moscow, Russia e.) Montreal, Canada

b.) Tokyo, Japan

If you visited Curitiba, Brazil, you would expect to find - a.) no recycling program b.) a sophisticated bus system c.) very polluted air d.) no high-rise apartments

b.) a sophisticated bus system

In an ecocity, plants are utilized to provide shade and beauty. Typically, the plants are.... - a.) always fast-growing, broad leaf plants b.) adapted to local climate and soils c.) adapted so they do not use much water d.) resistant to plants

b.) adapted to local climate and soils

Which of the following is a major factor in human population increase in the last 200 years? - a.) Humans have developed the ability to expand into almost all of the planet's climate zones b.) all of these answers are correct c.) Early and modern agriculture has allowed more people to be fed per unit of land area d.) Improved health and sanitation has lowered the death rate

b.) all of these answers are correct

Nonpoint sources of pollution... - a.) enter ecosystems from easy to identify sources b.) are more difficult to control and correct than point sources c.) include smokestacks and automobiles exhaust pipes d.) include garbage on the side of the road

b.) are more difficult to control and correct than point sources

Sea otters play a role in maintaining the biodiversity of which ecosystem? - a.) tidepools b.) coastal kelp forests c.) coastal sandy beaches d.) open ocean areas

b.) coastal kelp forests

When two different species interact over a long period of time, and changes in the gene pool of one species leads to changes in the gene pool of another species.. - a.) commensalism b.) coevolution c.) mutualism d.) resource partitioning

b.) coevolution

A set of organisms within a defined area interacting with one another and with their environment of living and non-living matter is called a(n)... - a.) species b.) ecosystem c.) sustainable society d.) natural resource

b.) ecosystem

When two different species interact over a long period of time, and changes in the gene pool of one species leads to changes in the gene pool of another species.. - a.) commensalism b.) evolution c.) mutualism d.) resource partitioning

b.) evolution

In the future, coastal cities will likely be faced with... - a.) severe water shortages when the mountaintop glaciers that feed the watersheds coming into these cities melt down by global warming b.) flooding as sea levels rise secondary to global warming c.) higher populations as people move from arid (dry) areas because of droughts d.) no changes in water availability or in population size

b.) flooding as sea levels rise secondary to global warming

Sustainable yield is the... - a.) profit yield from a business that makes money from selling sustainable living furniture b.) highest rate that a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply c.) profit from tax breaks given to businesses d.) all of these answers

b.) highest rate that a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply

Government subsides to industries can actually contribute to the depletion and degradation of natural capital if the recipient of the subsidy does not... - a.) contribute to environmental causes b.) include the value of natural capital in the market price of the goods they produce c.) abide by environmental regulations in production practices d.) eat cheese

b.) include the value of natural capital in the market price of the goods they produce

Which of the following are the two important aspects needed to stabilize living systems? - a.) resilience and flexibility b.) inertia and resilience c.) environmental resistance and persistence d.) persistence and flexibility

b.) inertia and resilience

The obvivious relationship demonstrated by a food chain is.... - a.) competition b.) predation c.) parasitism d.) mutualism

b.) predation

You love to buy and eat microwave dinners. After eating, the cardboard tops and plastic trays left over. The least effective way to deal with this type of solid waste problem is to... - a.) Store leftovers in the plastic trays b.) Put all of the solid waste in the household trash to be taken to a landfill c.) Donate the plastic containers to the local nursery schools to use with preschoolers d.) Recycle the components

b.) put all of the solid waste in the household trash to be taken to a landfill

A worldview that holds that we can and should manage the Earth for our own benifit but that we also have an ethical responsibility to be caring stewards is called the... - a.) planetary management worldview b.) stewardship worldview c.) environmental wisdom worldview d.) none of these answers e.) all of these answers

b.) stewardship worldview

Scientific hypotheses differ from scientific theories in that they are... - a.) widely accepted descriptions of what we find happening over and over in nature b.) tentative (temporary) explanations that will need further evaluation c.) not subject to proper investigation and testing d.) all of these answers

b.) tentative (temporary) explanations that will need further evaluation

The world population is expected to increase from ___ in 2009 to ___ in 2050 - a.) 6.8 million, 9.5 million b.) 7.5 million, 11 million c.) 6.8 billion, 9.5 billion d.) 7.5 billion, 11 billion

c.) 6.8 billion, 9.5 billion

Which of the following statements about women's employment/economic status is FALSE - a.) Women do more than half of the work gathering firewood b.) Women do more than half of the work involved in producing food c.) Women have more than half of the world's assets (money/property) d.) Women provide more of the world's health care than all of the world's organized health services put together

c.) Women have more than half of the world's assets (money/poverty)

Which of the following would undergo secondary succession? - a.) cooled volcanic lava b.) an abandoned parking lot c.) a heavily polluted stream that has been cleaned up d.) a bare rock

c.) a heavily polluted stream that has been cleaned up

When we speak of protecting the environment, we are referring to... - a.) all living things on the planet only b.) all non-living things such as air, fresh water, and energy only c.) all living and non-living things d.) humans and the living and non-living things that affect them only e.) humans and the living things that affect them only

c.) all living and non-living things

Point source of pollution... - a.) enter ecosystems from dispersed (spread out) and often hard-to-identify sources b.) include runoff of fertilizers and pesticides from farmlands and suburban lawns c.) are easier to clean up, and easier to identify than nonpoint sources d.) are harder to clean up than nonpoint sources

c.) are easier the clean up, and easier to identify than nonpoint sources

A climax community is a(n)...- a.) community in primary succession b.) a community in secondary succession c.) balanced community d.) immature community

c.) balanced community

A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed to any significant degree is best described as... - a.) competition b.) predation c.) commensalism d.) parasitism e.) mutualism

c.) commensalism

Which of the following best describes the concept of environmental degradation? - a.) using solar power at a rapid rate b.) growing crops for food c.) cutting trees for wood products faster than the trees can regrow to maturity d.) catching only enough fish so that the population of fish will stay the same

c.) cutting trees for wood products faster than the trees can regrow to maturity

Which of the following is a social movement dedicated to the protection of the Earth's natural capital? - a.) ecology b.) environmental science c.) environmentalism d.) natural science

c.) environmentalism

A city can be described as a ... - a.) cool pocket b.) dust bowl c.) heat island d.) wind tunnel

c.) heat island

It can be said that poverty is becoming ____ urbanized, mostly in _____ developed countries. - a.) less, developing b.) increasingly, developed c.) increasingly, developing d.) less, developed

c.) increasingly, developing

A relationship in which both species benefit is best labeled... - a.) competition b.) predation c.) mutualism d.) parasitism e.) commensalism

c.) mutualism

What are the three "R's"? - a.) recycle, reuse, reduce b.) reuse, reduce, recycle c.) reduce, reuse, recycle d.) reduce, recycle, refuse e.) repurpose, recycle, remake

c.) reduce, reuse, recycle

Hawks typically forage for their rodent prey species during the daytime. While owls may eat similar prey species, and live in the same area, they forage during the night. This is best described as an example of... - a.) interspecific competition b.) mutualism c.) resource partitioning d.) predation

c.) resource partitioning

Which of the following would best be categorized as a perpetual resource? - a.) oil reserves b.) fisheries c.) solar energy d.) forests e.) coal reserves

c.) solar energy

Smart Growth or new urbanization tools include greenbelts around cities, high density cluster housing, and... - a.) extensive freeway networks to provide efficient travel to and from work b.) taxing buildings c.) taxing land instead of buildings d.) no construction of expensive mass transit system

c.) taxing land instead of buildings

Carrying capacity refers to... - a.) reproductive rate b.) interaction of natality (birth rate) and mortality (death rate) c.) the maximum size of population that the environment will support d.) the proportion of males and females

c.) the maximum size of population that the environment will support

Breathing the air of Mexico City is like smoking ______ pack(s) of cigarettes each day. - a.) one b.) two c.) three d.) four

c.) three

The average number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years in the... - a.) total birth rate b.) crude birth rate c.) total fertility rate d.) crude fertility rate

c.) total fertility rate

Which of the following is best categorized as an example of a natural service? - a.) renewable energy b.) nonrenewable energy c.) water purification d.) oil

c.) water purification

The world population increases by about ____ people each day - a.) 1.2 million b.) 100,000 c.) 82 million d.) 225,000 e.) 2.4

d.) 225,000

The resource consumption of the average person in the USA is about ___ times that of the average citizen of India, and about ___ times that of the average person in the world's poorest countries. - a.) 2, 10 b.) 5, 10 c.) 8.6, 15 d.) 30, 100

d.) 30, 100

If we make a commitment to more sustainable lifestyles now, how long will it take (according to scientific evidence) to fully implement the changes? - a.) 10 years b.) 25 years c.) 40 years d.) 50 years

d.) 50 years

About _____ of the world's human population lives in the developing countries. - a.) 20% b.) 40% c.) 60% d.) 80%

d.) 80%

In the USA, _____ of all urban transportation is by car. - a.) 68% b.) 78% c.) 88% d.) 98%

d.) 98%

Which of the following best describes what is meant by an ecological footprint? - a.) It is the average size of the lot on which a family home is built b.) It is the number of acres necessary to grow enough food to support a family c.) It is the geographic area in which a person travels during the course of their average daily activities d.) It is the amount of biologically-productive land and water needed to supply the people in a particular country or area with necessary resources e.) It is the amount of good, fertile farmland necessary to supply the food requirements of a nation

d.) It is the amount of biologically-productive land and water needed to supply the people in a particular country or area with necessary resources

A logistic growth curve depicting a population that is limited by a definite carrying capacity is shaped like the letter ____. - a.) J b.) L c.) M d.) S e.) U

d.) S

Which of the following descriptions would imply/show the greatest "built-in" chance for population growth to take place? - a.) a large population size b.) a large number of people age 29 to 44 c.) a large number of people under age 34 d.) a large number of people under age 15 e.) a large number of people over the age of 45

d.) a large number of people under age 15

A population crash occurs when.... - a.) a population approaches its carrying capacity b.) Environmental resistance comes into play gradually c.) Resources are essentially unlimited (unending) d.) A population greatly overshoots its carrying capacity

d.) a population greatly overshoots its carrying capacity

Women tend to have fewer children when they- a.) live in societies in which their individual rights are protected b.) have access to good paying jobs outside the home c.) have access to education d.) all of the above

d.) all of the above

An environmentally sustainable society does which of the following: - a.) protects natural capital b.) lives off the income natural capital provides c.) does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their basic needs d.) all of these answers

d.) all of these answers

Effects of pollution might include... - a.) a reduced number of fish species in a stream because of road salt runoff b.) acid rain-included destruction of a statue in your city park c.) an increase in the number of respiratory diseases in polluted cities d.) all of these answers

d.) all of these answers

Evidence that we are living unsustainably includes which of the following? - a.) renewable forests are shrinking b.) agricultural lands are deteriorating c.) coral reefs are disappearing d.) all of these answers

d.) all of these answers

Pollution cleanup efforts can be ineffective because... - a.) They often take pollutants from one part of the environment and transfer them to another b.) Once the pollutants are dispersed, it costs too much to reduce them to acceptable levels c.) They can be made harder by growth in population and consumption d.) all of these answers

d.) all of these answers

The long term sustainability of life on Earth has depended on... - a.) solar energy b.) nutrient cycling c.) biodiversity d.) all of these answers

d.) all of these answers

Which of the following factors have contributed (added) to the expansion of the earth's carrying capacity for humans? - a.) increased food production b.) control of competing populations c.) expanding our population into formerly uninhabited areas d.) all of these answers

d.) all of these answers

The urban growth occurring in the developing countries is... - a.) generally well planned and orderly b.) helping to eliminate urban poverty c.) generally offset by migration to rural areas d.) caused by both immigration and natural increase

d.) caused by both immigration and natural increase

Between the years 1950 and 2009, the total fertility rate in developing countries... - a.) increased from 1.6 to 2.5 b.) decreased from 2.5 to 1.6 ' c.) increased from 2.8 to 6.5 d.) decreased from 6.5 to 2.8

d.) decreased from 6.5 to 2.8

Factors that act to limit the growth of populations are collectively called... - a.) carrying capacity b.) death c.) emigration d.) environmental resistance

d.) environmental resistance

Which of the following choices best describes the sequence scientists typically use in the beginning stages of their investigations about how nature works? a.) analyze data -> search literature -> preform experiments -> identify a problem -> ask a question b.) ask a question -> search literature -> perform experiment -> analyze data -> identify a problem c.) search literature -> ask a question -> identify a problem -> analyze data -> perform experiment d.) identify a problem -> search literature (collect data) -> create a hypothesis -> perform experiment -> analyze data

d.) identify a problem -> search literature (collect data) -> create a hypothesis -> perform experiment -> analyze data

Root causes of unsustainability include all of the following EXCEPT... - a.) wasteful use of resources b.) poverty c.) rapid population growth d.) including environmental and social costs in market prices of goods and services

d.) including environmental and social costs in market prices of goods and services

Science... - a.) is a study of the history of the world b.) attempts to discover things in nature, in order to understand the past c.) is best described as a random collection of facts d.) is an endeavor to discover how nature works

d.) is an endeavor to discover how nature works2

What is an important characteristic that would tell us whether a resource should be categorized as a renewable resource? - a.) it must be an energy resource b.) It must be a biological resource c.) It must be recyclable d.) it must have the capacity to be replenished within days to several hundred years

d.) it must have the capacity to be replenished within days to several hundred years

Which of the following is a characteristic (and true) of the reproductive pattern of most large mammals? a.) tend to produce high numbers of offspring b.) give very little parental care c.) low survival rate of offspring d.) long gestation periods (length of pregnancy)

d.) long gestation periods (length of pregnancy)

The relationship between clown fish and sea anemones is... - a.) competition b.) predation c.) parasitism d.) mutualism

d.) mutualism

All of the following are potentially renewable resource except... - a.) groundwater b.) trees in forest c.) fertile soil d.) oil

d.) oil

A relationship in which a member of one species obtains its nourishment by living on, in, or near a member of another species over an extended time is best labeled.... - a.) competition b.) predation c.) mutualism d.) parasitism e.) commensalism

d.) parasitism

An ecocity is... - a.) car oriented b.) industry oriented c.) profit oriented d.) people oriented

d.) people oriented

Which of the following terms best describe the ability of a living system to repair damage after an external disturbance? - a.) inertia b.) persistence c.) constancy d.) resilience

d.) resilience

A mechanism that similar species are known to use in their interactions with each to reduce competition is called... - a.) predation b.) extinction c.) niche modification d.) resource partitioning

d.) resource partitioning

Since 1980, the U.S. population has... - a.) shifted to the north and east b.) shifted to the north and west c.) shifted to the south and east d.) shifted to the south and west

d.) shifted to the south and west

Which of the following statements about developing countries is true? - a.) They are highly industrialized b.) They have a high-average per capita income c.) They include the USA, Germany, and Japan d.) They are classified as middle-income or low-income, and have less money e.) They have about 85% of the world's wealth and income

d.) they are classified as middle-income or low-income, and have less money

The crude birth rate is the number of live births per ____ persons in a given year. - a.) 100 b.) 10,000 c.) 50 d.) 500 e.) 1,000

e.) 1,000

10,000 years ago the earth's population of humans was roughly 5 million. It took until the year ____ for the human population to reach 2 billion. - a.) 2007 b.)1967 c.) 1900 d.) 1827 e.) 1927

e.) 1927

Everyday, approximately _____ new people are added to the global population. - a.) 50,000 b.) 100,000 c.) 150,000 d.) 200,000 e.) 250,000

e.) 250,000

Urban populations occupy only about 2% of Earth's land area, but they consume _________ of its resources. - a.) 10% b.) 20% c.) 45% d.) 0% e.) 75%

e.) 75%

Some United States cities are attempting to be more liveable and more environmentally sustainable. Examples are : - a.) Tucson and Phoenix, Arizona b.) Houston and Dallas, Texas c.) San Bernardino and Oakland, California d.) Atlanta, Georgia, and Miami, Florida e.) Davis, California; Portland, Oregon; and Chattanooga, Tennessee

e.) Davis, California; Portland, Oregon; and Chattanooga Tennessee

Which of the following countries has the fastest growing population? - a.) France b.) China c.) Germany d.) Great Britain e.) United States of America

e.) United States of America

Countries undergoing rapid population decline may experience a rise in the proportion of the population- a.) that is on social security - b.) that is consuming a large fraction on medical services c.) who are older people d.) that are able to work, but do not, which causes labor shortages e.) all of the above

e.) all of the above

Primary succession would most likely occur in which area? - a.) on bare rock exposed by a retracting glacier b.) on an abandoned highway c.) in a newly made pond d.) any place where there is no soil e.) all of the above

e.) all of the above

Which of the following are factors that SLOW OR STOP demographic transition in developing countries? a.) shortages of scientists, engineers, and skilled workers b.) insufficient financial capital (not enough money) c.) large debts to developed countries (owe lots of money to developed countries) d.) a drop in economic (money) assistance from developed countries since 1985 e.) all of the above

e.) all of the above

Which of the following is TRUE? - a.) About 1.2 million people are killed worldwide annually in motor vehicle accidents b.) Motor vehicles are the largest source of air pollution c.) More Americans have been killed by automobiles than on battlefields in all U.S. wars d.) In the USA, more than 40,000 proplr die annually in motor vehicle accidents e.) all of the above

e.) all of the above

Dispersed cities... - a.) exist where land is plentiful b.) exist where gasoline is cheap c.) are found in the United States of America d.) require a network of highways for convenient travel e.) all of these answers

e.) all of these answers

In Curitiba, Brazil, - a.) Day Care centers are free for low-income parents b.) Recycled old buses are used as health clinics and soup kitchens c.) 95% of the citizens can read d.) 70% of the paper used is recycled e.) all of these answers

e.) all of these answers

Nonrenewable resources include...- a.) oil b.) minerals c.) salt and sand d.) coal e.) all of these answers

e.) all of these answers

Which of the following are benefits of urbanization? - a.) Birth rates are lower b.) People have better access to health care c.) People have better access to education d.) Recycling is more economically feasible e.) all of these answers

e.) all of these answers

Which of the following are ways that humans have degraded natural capital to meet their own needs and wants? - a.) relying on polluting and climate-changing fossil fuels b.) eliminating many natural predators and reducing biodiversity c.) increasing use of the Earth's net primary productivity d.) using some renewable resources faster than they can be replenished e.) all of these answers

e.) all of these answers

Which of the following climate/weather conditions are usually higher in urban areas than in suburbs and rural areas? - a.) cloud cover b.) temperature c.) fog d.) precipitation e.) all of these answers

e.) all of these answers

Which of the following factors can be said to favor (lead to) urban sprawl? - a.) cheap gasoline b.) affordable land c.) increased prosperity d.) poor urban planning e.) all of these answers

e.) all of these answers

Which of the following is a goal of environmental science.. - a.) Learn how nature works b.) Understand how we interact with the environment c.) live more sustainably d.) find ways to deal with environmental problems e.) all of these answers

e.) all of these answers

Which of the following is gained either directly or indirectly from solar energy? - a.) photosynthesis b.) flowing of water c.) wind energy d.) biofuels e.) all of these answers

e.) all of these answers

Which of the following statements is/are true? - a.) The USA is a car-centered nation b.) One-third of the world's passenger cars and commercial vehicles are in the USA c.) Three of every four USA residents drive alone to work everyday d.) All Americans, combined, drive about the same distance in a year as all other drivers in the world combines e.) all of these answers

e.) all of these answers

Which of the following areas of study are NOT important in the study of environmental science? - a.) biology b.) chemistry c.) geology d.) economics e.) All of these answers are important

e.) all of these answers are important

Age structure diagrams- a.) show only two age groups: reproductive and not reproductive b.) show the number of males and females in the reproductive age categories only c.) are strictly for present use and do not provide insight into future trends d.) are useful for studying developing countries but not developed countries e.) are useful for predicting population momentum

e.) are useful for predicting population momentum

Which of the following would be categorized as a non-renewable resource? - a.) topsoil b.) fisheries c.) solar energy d.) forests e.) coal reserves

e.) coal reserves

Advantages of Mass Transit Rail systems include which of the following? - a.) Causes fewer injuries and deaths than cars b.) Inexpensive to build c.) Produces less air pollution than cars d.) All of these answers are correct e.) only "a" and "c" are correct

e.) only "a" and "c" are correct