Midterm #1: Lemur, Lorises, and Tarsiers

What is the composition of the dental comb of the Strepsirrhini?

4 lower incisors and 2 canines

When did lemurs float to Madagascar?

50-60 million years ago

What is crepuscular?

active at dawn and dusk

What are the 2 major lineages of primates in Strepsirhini?

1. Lemur 2. Lorises

What are the two families of Infraorder Lorisiformes?

1. Lorisidae (Loris) 2. Galagidae (Galago)

What is Prosimii?

A suborder of Primates that includes the less progressive primates (as the tarsiers and lemurs) and is coextensive with Lemuroidea and Tarsioidea of other classifications.

Does Lemuridae have a Tapetum Lucidum?

Lost in some species

What is the Aye-Aye considered in Family terms?

Mono-typic

Where are Tarsiers found?

Only found in Southeast Asia - Brunei - Indonesia - Malaysia - Philippines

What is Arboreal?

living in trees

What is a rhinarium?

wet nose

What some examples of Lorisidae?

- Slender Lorises - Slow Lorises - Pottos - False Pottos - Angantibos

What is Diurnal?

Active during the day; all anthropoid (monkey, apes, and humans) except the owl monkey.

What is diurnal?

active during the day

What is Anthropoidea?

NWM, OWM, and humans

What is the dental formula of Sifakas, upper and lower?

2.1.2.3 (Upper)/1.1.2.3 (Lower)

What is the dental formula for Lemuridae?

2.1.3.3

What are Brachial Glands?

Scent producing

What does terrestrial mean?

land

What is Adaptive Radiation?

- the multiplication and diversification of an evolving lineage producing many descendant species. Occurs when new adaptive opportunities become available 1. new environment/habitats or 2. new adaptive potential in the lineage

What is Crepuscular?

Active at dawn and dusk (in twilight condition); possibly some lemurs.

Where are Lorises from?

Asia and Africa

What is the philtrum?

groove in center of nose

What is torpor?

Physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases.

What is Infant Parking?

Placing infants in holes to project them while parent collects food.

What is the common hypothesis for lemurs making their way to Madagascar.

- Ancestors floated across from Africa

What does the Lorisidae? do in defence?

- Freeze in place - crypsis - Secretions from brachial glands mixed with salvia Toxins for defense - Pottos: protuberance on neck sensitive guard hairs

What three things do Tarsiers lack? (Main ones)

- Lacks tapetum lucidum - No rhinarium - No dental comb

What are some Cheirogaleidae?

- Mouse lemurs, Dwarf lemurs, Pygmy Mouse Lemur.

What are some Lemuridae?

- Ring tailed lemurs, - Ruffed lemurs, Bamboo lemurs.

What are the 4 major lineages of primates in Haplorhines?

1. Tarsiers 2. New world Monkeys 3. Old World Monkeys 4. Apes

What is Cathermeral?

Active (and resting/sleeping) throughout the 24 hours day. Not strictly any of the above; possibly some lemurs

Where are the Family Galagidae (Galagos) only found?

Africa (Bush babies)

What is Cathemeral?

Applied to an activity pattern in which an animal is neither prescriptively nocturnal, nor diurnal, nor crepuscular, but irregularly active at any time of night or day, according to prevailing circumstances.

What is the only species in the Daubentoniidae family?

Aye-Aye

What does the toothcomb of the indriidae.

Consists of 4 teeth (not 6)

What is the characteristics of Postorbital bar regarding Strepsirhini?

Does have a Postorbital bar, DOES NOT have postorbital closure.

What gender of Lemur's are prominently dominant in Madagascar?

Female

What is a tooth comb in Strepsirrhini?

Four lower incisors and 2 canines project froward to make tooth comb

What is the current placement of Tarsiers now?

In Haplorhini

What is a grooming claw?

Is the specialized claw or nail on the foot of certain primates, used for personal grooming.

What does semi-terrestrial mean?

Land and tree life

What primate is native solely to Madagascar?

Lemurs

What is Non-saltatory movement?

Limbs almost always in contact with substrate

Where are Lemurs only found?

Madagascar

Are Lemurs nocturnal?

No diurnal

What is the situation of postorbital closure for Tarsiers?

Not fully filled in, with some gap.

What's the relative size of Strepsirhini?

Smaller compared to other primates

What is the family of Tarsiers?

Tarsidae

What is the main type of locomotion for Strepsirrhini?

Vertical clinging and leaping

What is Nocturnal?

active at night

What is the rete mirabile?

is a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other, found in some vertebrates, mainly warm-blooded ones.

What is a dental comb?

is a dental structure found in some mammals, comprising a group of front teeth arranged in a manner that facilitates grooming, similar to a hair comb. ... The toothcomb is usually used for grooming.

What is vertical clinging and leaping?

is a type of arboreal locomotion seen most commonly among the strepsirrhine primates and haplorrhine tarsiers. The animal begins at rest with its torso upright and elbows fixed, with both hands clinging to a vertical support, such as the side of a tree or bamboo stalk.

What is the tapetum lucidum?

reflective area of the eye

What is adaptive radiation?

the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.

Where are Strepsirrhini only found?

"Old World" - Asia, Africa