midterm 10

Drive theory states that deviations from ________ create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need. homeostasis motivations biology emotions

homeostasis

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________. alignment homeostasis locus neutral

homeostasis

What is a major criticism of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? It only accounts for the objective world. It is humanistic. It is subjective. It does not take gender differences into account.

It is subjective.

Which of the following exemplifies intrinsically motivated behavior? behaving to avoid being punished attending a mosque because you believe it is the right thing to do working at a job you hate in order to afford school misbehaving in order to get attention

attending a mosque because you believe it is the right thing to do

Some studies show that ________ motivation may not be entirely vulnerable to the effects of extrinsic reinforcements; in fact, reinforcements such as verbal praise might actually increase ________ motivation. emotional extrinsic intrinsic habitual

intrinsic

________ motivation is based on internal feelings rather than external rewards. motive drive extrinsic intrinsic

intrinsic

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: ________. physiological and arousal stimulus and appraisal time and fear physiological and cognitive

physiological and cognitive

Which of the following is a way that the James-Lange theory of emotion differs from the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion? According to the James-Lange theory, our appraisal of the stimulus determines our cognitions, which then influence our emotions; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus. According to the James-Lange theory, emotions include a cognitive factor and a physiological factor; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions arise from physiological arousal. According to the James-Lange theory, emotions arise from physiological arousal; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions include a cognitive factor and a physiological factor. According to the James-Lange theory, facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, facial expressions are incapable of influencing our emotions.

According to the James-Lange theory, emotions arise from physiological arousal; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions include a cognitive factor and a physiological factor.

Amir bites his fingernails. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage. a habit an instinct a motivation homeostasis

a habit

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior? mowing your elderly neighbor's lawn because you believe it is the right thing to do dating an abusive partner because you believe you don't deserve good treatment jerking your hand back from a hot burner babysitting your younger brother in order to receive your parents' approval

babysitting your younger brother in order to receive your parents' approval

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs to self-actualization. biological; social special; imaginary special; biological social; imaginary

biological; social

Which of the following is the best example of a habit? unexpectedly running into your friend at the supermarket surprising your grandmother with a visit on Saturday spontaneously stopping to get a milkshake on the way home from work chewing on your hair to relieve stress

chewing on your hair to relieve stress

A(n) ________ is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience. dysphoria; dysmorphia mood; emotion orientation; hormone emotion; mood

emotion; mood

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. physiological self-actualization esteem security

esteem

Luis works part-time after school to earn money so he can afford a secondhand motorcycle. Luis is working because of ________ motivation. emotion intrinsic habit extrinsic

extrinsic

________ motivation arises from external factors or rewards. instinct habit extrinsic intrinsic

extrinsic

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe the ________. facial feedback hypothesis James-Lange theory of emotion set point theory cognitive mediational theory

facial feedback hypothesis

Which of the following are examples of the social level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? water and warmth self-actualization and esteem family and friendship confidence and accomplishment

family and friendship

The facial ________ hypothesis states that facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions. feedback response reaction mediation

feedback

In the following sentence, identify the extrinsic motivation. Kit, who lives with her father, maintains a 3.5 grade average in order to keep her phone, visits her mother every weekend because she wants to, and joins the high school basketball team because she enjoys the sport. living with her father maintaining a 3.5 grade average visiting her mother joining the wrestling team

maintaining a 3.5 grade average

________ is wants or needs that direct behavior toward some goal. habit motivation instinct drive

motivation

Research shows that receiving some sort of extrinsic reinforcement for engaging in behaviors that we enjoy leads to those behaviors ________. motivating us to engage in different behaviors providing twice as much enjoyment no longer providing that same enjoyment creating an attraction/repulsion complex

no longer providing that same enjoyment

Food, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. physiological social acceptance emotional

physiological

Which theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change? set point distorted body image Yerkes-Dodson Prader-Will

set point

Motivation describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal. What is the motivation in the following sentence? Giorgio works part-time at a diner so he can afford to attend culinary school because he wants to become a chef, even though he is in debt. wanting to become a chef being in debt working part-time at a diner attending culinary school

wanting to become a chef