midterm 2 archeology

Which of the following cannot be repatriated under NAGPRA? Objects still used in current practices of Native American religions Objects intentionally interred with human remains during burial Human remains found on federal lands Objects with ongoing cultural importance that no one had the right to give away in the first place All archaeological materials found at a kill site on federal land

All archaeological materials found at a kill site on federal land

Prohibits and increases penalties for excavating or removing artifacts from federal property. It also prohibits the sale, exchange, or transport of artifacts acquired illegally. Gave presidental authority to create national monuments. Created State Historic Preservation Offices, the National Register of Historic Places, and requires inventory and evaluation of cultural resources before federal undertakings. Allowed for human remains to be returned to cultural affiliated tribes.

Archaeological Resource Protection Act (ARPA) Antiquity Act of 1906 National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)

Which of the following dating methods could not be used on materials less than 40,000 years in age?

Argon-Argon Dating

The pollen diagram above shows that at approximately 10,900 years ago (radiocarbon dates can be found on the left) what changes occurred in plant abundance?

Betula increased in abundance and Picea decreased in abundance

The Jameson site in Johnson County, Wyoming is an Archaic and Late Prehistoric period campsite. The site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places based on its potential to contain data important to prehistory. This site is nominated under which of the following NRHP criteria? Criteria C Criteria D Criteria A Criteria B

D

Quartz and feldspar particles within a ceramic fragment A burned seed found in a hearth Footprints in volcanic sediments estimated to be over 100,000 years old

Thermal Luminescence Radiocarbon Potassium-Argon/Argon-Argon

Which of the following were identified in the coprolites from Conejo Shelter? A venomous snake fang Remains of rodents eaten whole Remains from medicinal and nutritional plants All of the options listed were found in the Conejo coprolites

all options listed

Which of the following is not a standard archaeological type? Morphological Type Functional Type Temporal Type Artistic Type

artistic

An accurate and useful typology must also:

be objective and replicable

NAGPRA applies when excavating a burial on private lands.

false

Seriation is an absolute dating method.

false

In the "before present" dating scheme, present is defined as 2020.

flase

Cultural areas were largely defined by:

material culture

You are excavating a site in the Sonoran Desert and you discover a layer (Stratum D) representing a volcanic eruption that has been dated at other sites to 4200 BP. Directly above this layer (Stratum C) you date a piece of wood, this object produced an age of 4650±20, assuming the law of superposition has not been violated, what is likely the result of the discrepancy between these two dates? Reverse stratigraphy Old wood effect/problem A C3 organism absorbing extra 14C Reservoir effect

old wood effect/problem

Packrat (Neotoma) nests are useful to archaeologists because:

they provide good evidence of local environments because the rats travel no more than 100 m from their nests to collect materials.

A relational analogy is justified on the basis of close cultural continuity between the archaeological and ethnographic cases, such as between prehistoric Puebloan peoples and their living descendants in the American Southwest

true

Archaeological phases are concerned with both time and space.

true

Coprolites are particularly interesting to archaeologists because they have the ability to tell us about diet and can often be precisely dated using radiocarbon dating.

true

Functional types are groups of artifacts that preform the same function and cross-cut morphological and temporal types.

true

If an radioactive isotope used for radiometric dating has a longer half-life it will be able to date things deeper into time.

true

MNI is the minimum number of individuals necessary to account for all identified bones in a faunal assemblage.

true

NAGPRA is different from previous legislation because it was more than just preservation, but also about human rights legislation on behalf of Native American Tribes.

true

Pinus pollen identified in a stratigraphic sample taken at an archaeology site is an example of a macrobotanical.

true

your experimental study on bison carcasses suggests that the shoulders of bison are the first taken by natural predators. Because of the principle of ___________ you hypothesize that bison shoulders from a 10,000 year old are also missing due to scavenging

uniformitarianism

In Woman the Toolmaker why were the hideworkers switching to metal or glass tools? Glass and metal are less expensive and/or easier to get than stone material Traditional says that only certain families are allowed to se metal or glass tools Glass and metal tools were more efficient for scraping hides None of the options listed

Glass and metal are less expensive and/or easier to get than stone material

Which of the following studies is an example of ethnoarchaeology?

Kelly's work with the Mikea of Madagascar

The Western Sky Power Authority is planning a power line which will cross BLM (Bureau of Land Management) and US Forest Service land. Before constructing the power line they hire an archaeology firm to survey and identify sites along the area of potential affect. This is required under which federal law?

National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA)

When working in a rockshelter filled with eolian sediment, you are faced with the problem of not having any organic material with which to radiocarbon date the age of the deposits. Which of the following dating techniques could you use in order to obtain an absolute date for the site?

Optical Stimulated luminescence

Which of the following analyses is likely to provide you with the best regional reconstruction of environment?

Pollen analysis of a lake core

Phytoliths are... Macrobotanical plant remains only found in coprolites Normally recovered from pack rat middens Silica nodules that form in cell walls or between cells in plant stems A particular kind of plant pollen

Silica nodules that form in cell walls or between cells in plant stems

When analyzing a faunal assemblage, a zooarchaeologist might record which of the following:

Size Class Taxa Correct! All of the options listed Age Element

The date you receive from the lab is 1300 ± 40 BP. What is the two sigma date range? 1340-1380 BP 1340 BP 1240-1340 BP 1220-1380 BP

1220-1380 BP

The Dunaway site in northern Colorado contained the following bison remains: 3 crania, 7 left femurs, 4 right humeri, 2 left humeri, and 3 vertebra. What is the NISP for this site?

19

Based on the pollen profile above, approximately what year did corn begin being grown in agricultural fields? 2400 yrs BP 3500 yrs BP 4000 yrs BP 3600 yrs BP

3500 yrs bp

You are reading an article and it reports a date obtained with Accelerated Mass Spectrometry (AMS) that dates the site to 8,200 ± 60. What is the probability that the actual dates falls within this range? This is a 1 sigma date.

68.2%

At the Dunaway site listed in the previous county what is the bison MNI of this faunal assemblage?

7

You are working on a site in southwestern Wyoming and receive a date of 2040 ± 30 BP on a burned seed from a hearth. How old is this site in AD/BC?

90 ± 30 BC

You excavate a hearth and you decide to run a date on organic materials. What would be the best object to date? Remember radiocarbon dating dates the death of the organic material.

A charred fruit seed

Making stone tools using similar techniques to those used by prehistoric cultures is an example of:

Experimental archaeology