Midterm #2 Cognitive Psychology

Which of the following statements regarding methodological techniques is TRUE?

EEG has excellent temporal resolution

If I asked my 60 year-old father to recall as many autobiographical memories as he can, he will likely recall the most memories from which age range?

18-30 years old

Priming based on specific expectations about the identity of the upcoming stimulus produces:

A benefit for processing if the expectations are correct, but slows processing if the expectations are incorrect

When exposed to white light (all wavelengths), my coffee cup appears green. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

All wavelengths except green are absorbed by my coffee cup

Which of the following statements is TRUE about bilingual children?

At a young age they tend to have smaller vocabularies compared to monolingual children

You're participating in a lexical decision task where we present you with pairs of letter sequences. Sometimes you see a pair of 2 words, sometimes you see a pair with one word and one non word. You are supposed to press the "yes" button if you see a pair of words and "no" if if one or both of the letter sequences is a non-word. When we look at the results, we see that you respond fastest when we show you a pair of words like "halloween-pumpkin". Why is that?

Because of spreading activation

Which of the following components in Baddeley's working memory model is involved in manipulating and transforming stored information?

Central Executive

Ammaar really wants to improve his working memory capacity. According to your readings, which of these is a method that might help him?

Chunking pieces of information together

Clay and Maeve are participating in a psychology experiment. Each student is presented with a series of words. Clay is asked to indicate whether the presented word fits in the sentence, "the man ate his...", while Maeve is asked to indicate whether the presented word rhymes with "mat". According to the intentional principles, who is more likely to show better memory performance?

Clay

Jose is walking towards Dan, who is standing still. As Dan watches Jose move towards him, a series of physical and perceptual events occur. Which of the following is NOT one of those events?

Dan will consciously make the effort to calculate Jose's distance based on the size of the retinal image

Previous knowledge facilities categorization in each of the following ways EXCEPT:

Ensures categorization will be accurate

Julianne is a dog lover and has acquired a significant degree of expertise in this domain. She is presented with a picture of a poodle and asked to verify if the category label printed underneath the picture matches the context of the photo. Which outcome would most likely describe her performance?

Equally fast reaction time (RT) when the category label is either a 'dog' or a 'poodle'

After studying a list of words, Connie is asked to complete a series of word stems, and to try to complete each stem with a word that was not on the prior list. This is an example of a(n):

Exclusion condition

My memory for where I was during the 9/11 attack is an example of a(n):

Flashbulb Memory

Joseph is an avid pot-smoker and was excited when cannabis was legalized in Canada this year. Against his better judgment, he often smokes while studying for his exams. Under which of the following testing conditions would Joseph likely perform best

High on pot

Group 1 is shown a series of words ("down," "right," and "sad") and is then asked to read the words aloud. Group 2 is shown a series of words ("up," "left," and "happy") and is then asked to say aloud their antonyms (opposites). If we later test participants' memories for the words, we expect better performance for Group 1 if the test involves:

Identification of the words

Under normal instructions to complete a word stem with the first word that comes to mind, stem completion task measure:

Implicit and Explicit memory

Participants are instructed to fixate on a point on a computer screen and report on a "+" that appears off to the side. After several trials, the fixation point is replaced by a new shape. But the participants do not notice the change. This is a study of:

Inattentional blindness

Rayna is asked to search for a blue "T" among green "T" and blue "L" distractor items. Their reaction time (RT) to indicate whether a blue "T" is present will most likely:

Increase as the number of distractor items increase

Lexi rarely thinks about the time she went to the zoo with her family, but she is absolutely certain that she saw a lion tamer put her head in a lion's mouth at the zoo. Jayce often thinks about the time she went to the circus with her parents and she is pretty sure she remembers seeing a camel spit in a boys face at the circus. Based on your readings, whose animal event memory should we trust more?

Jayce

Episodic memory refers to:

Memory for personal events associated with a particular time and place

In the phrase "we painted the room", the "-ed" at the end of the word "paint" represents:

Morpheme

An example of the difference between perception and conscious perception is shown by Moore and Egeth (1997), who showed participants a display containing two horizontal lines and a series of surrounding dots. In one trial the lines and dots were arranged to produce the Muller-Lyer (and illusion that causes two same-length lines to look different in length). In this experiment, most participants were:

Not consciously aware of the Muller-Lyer pattern and perceived the two lines to be different lengths

Which of the following statements seem the best illustration of encoding specificity?

Sia has learned the principles covered in her psychology class, but she has difficulty remembering the principles of in the context of her day-to-day life

Among children who are born deaf, what happens to those whose caretakers don't know how to teach them sign language (or who refers to)?

They invent their own language that they can teach to others

Your classmate approaches you with a great idea to prepare for the cognitive psychology final-mnemonics. What should you tell your classmate?

This is a terrible idea because understanding is more important for learning and mnemonics can interfere with this

When he was little, Tyler was kicked by a vicious penguin. When she was little, Tricia was knocked over by a low-flying hawk. Which child is more likely to develop a fear that generalizes to other birds?

Trica

Dev was in an accident on a ride at the CNE. His family now finds him very frustrating to be around because while he seems to have no trouble producing speech, he actually uses very few content or meaningful words as he rambles on and on. What condition does Dev have?

Wernicke's Aphasia

According to prototype theory, what is the nature of the mental representation for each concept? a. Abstracted summary representation or "average" of all category examples b. Nodes organized in a taxonomic hierarchy c. A list of necessary and sufficient conditions for category membership d. Individual memory traces that correspond to all experienced category examples

a. Abstracted summary representation or 'average' of all category examples

When presented with the word "GREEN" written in blue ink and told to name the ink colour, the silly professor says "GREEN." This response is an example of a(n): a. Automatic process b. Orienting process c. Dual-task process d. Controlled process

a. Automatic process

Which of the following statements is true of individuals with high working memory capacity? a. They are better able to suppress irrelevant distracting information b. They are better able to retrieve distant episodic memories c. They are better at processing the meaning of irrelevant distracting information d. They are better at rote rehearsal

a. They are better able to suppress irrelevant distracting information

'Context reinstatement" refers to: a. improved memory if we re-create the context that was in place during learning b. improved memory of the mnemonics used have a similar context to the materials to be remembered c. improved memory if the materials to be remembered were thought about in a novel context d. impaired memory performance if participants recall the context where the material was learned

a. improved memory if we re-create the context that was in place during learning

Krista is sitting on a bench, watching the world go by. She notices the people who are near to her move across her retina more quickly than the cars in the distance move. This effect is called a. motion parallax. b. continuation. c. linear perspective. d. optic flow.

a. motion parallax

Despite trying her best to follow instructions in a task where she has been asked to complete word stems with words that did not appear on the previous list, Connie unknowingly completes some of the word stems with words from the previous study list. This is an example of: a. Whole report b. Implicit memory c. Non-compliance syndrome d. Explicit contamination

b. Implicit memory

"Bottom-up" (or "data-driven") mechanisms are: a. the scientific process in which all claims must be rooted in well-established biological evidence. b. mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus. c. the process by which researchers seek to develop new theories by paying close attention to the available data. d. mechanisms for which activity is influenced by thoughts provided by the individual.

b. Mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information

Loftus' demonstration that memory for an event is susceptible to subsequent misleading information is most consistent with which of the following statements? a. Memory is never reliable b. Memory is a reconstructive process that utilizes heuristic cues c. Memory is stable and not easily altered d. Memory is a storage warehouse where previous experiences are "filed away"

b. Memory is a reconstructive process that utilizes heuristic cues

Freya and Sonja are both studying of this cognitive Psychology midterm. Freya studies the textbook over and over, trying to memorize the key terms. Sonja spends her studying reading her text and making notes by hand, summarizing the key points and putting them together in her notes. Which student will perform better on the midterm and why? a. Freya, because she can capitalize on the recency effect b. Sonja, because she is using elaborative rehearsal c. Both will perform similarly because they are both engaging in intentional learning d. Freya, because she is using maintenance rehearsal

b. Sonja, b/c she is using elaborative rehearsal

Neuron A communicates with neuron B. The ________ of neuron A forms a synapse with the ________ of neuron B a. soma; dendrite b. axon terminal; dendrite c. axon terminal; axon terminal d. cell body; soma

b. axon terminal; dendrite

When studying a list of thematically related words, people will often mistakenly recall seeing a highly-related word that was not on the list. This effect is known as the: a. Isolation effect b. Attentional blink c. Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) effect d. Misinformation effect

c. Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) effect

After his motorcycle accident, Ben is having trouble forming new long-term memories. He often re-introduces himself to people that he has met many times after the accident. Despite his trouble with forming new declarative memories, he can still learn new skills such as typewriting. What part of his brain is most likely damaged? a. Anterior temporal lobe b. amygdala c. Hippocampus d. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

c. Hippocampus

We can often recognize an object even if some of the object's parts are hidden from view. Evidence indicates that this recognition from partial viewing will be easiest if: a. we can see at least 20% of the object's features. b. the object does not have too many geons. c. we can see enough of the object to identify some of its geons. d. the object's features are unfamiliar to us, so there is no risk of false alarms.

c. We can see enough of the object to identify some of its geons

Patient H.M. revolutionized the study of human memory. Which of the following statements about his abilities (post-surgery) is TRUE? a. Can remember a list of digits if asked to repeat them immediately b. Can learn new skills like tracing the outline of a star presented in a mirror c. All of these are true d. Cannot form new long-term episodic memories

c. all of these are true

Failure to see a gorilla walking across the screen when carefully counting the number of basketball passes is known as: a. The attentional blink b. All of these are correct c. A visual scotoma d. Inattentional blindness

d. Inattentional blindness

Category fluency tasks typically require participants to generate as many examples from a given category (e.g., "fruit") as they can. Which patient population would be the most impaired on this task? a. Alzheimer's disease b. Medial temporal lobe amnesia c. Capgras syndrome d. None of the above

d. None of the above

Patty is asked to find a red square among a display that also contains blue squares and red circles. This task requires what kind of search process? a. applied b. spatial location c. feature d. combination

d. combination

Visual agnosia is associated with damage to which of the following? a. area MT b. area V1 c. the "where" system, which carries information from the occipital cortex to the parietal cortex d. the "what" system, which carries information from the occipital cortex to the temporal cortex

d. the "what" system, which carries information from the occipital cortex to the temporal cortex

The primacy effect is thought to reflect: a. Inability to hold items in working memory b. Retrieval of active items from working memory c. encoding into and retrieval of items from long term memory d. poor long-term memory

encoding into and retrieval of items from long term memory

Childhood amnesia refers to:

inability of adults to remember experiences that occurred before the age of 4

The primacy effect refers to:

increased recall from the first few items in a memorized list

Which of the following presents an accurate summary of the results we might expect to see in the basic Posner task? a. Inhibition of return at short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) b. Faster responses to targets at the cued location regardless of SOA c. A centrally-appearing arrow cue that indicates the direction to which attention should be shifted

none of these idk the answer lol