Midterm
What is a neuron?
Cells that receive, integrate, and transmit information
What are hormones?
Chemicals that are produced by endocrine glands
Who was William James and his theory?
A psychologist who adhered to functionalism
Who was Titchener and his theory?
A psychologist who adhered to structuralism
What is the difference between accommodation and simulation?
Accommodation requires a change in categories
What is a synapse?
An area of neural communication
What is sleep apnea?
A disorder characterized by difficulty breathing while asleep
What is narcolepsy?
A disorder characterized by excessive sleep
What is insomnia?
A disorder characterized by lack of sleep
What is a mnemonic device?
A memory technique involving abbreviations
What is habituation?
A process by which sensation to stimuli weakens
What is humanistic Psychology?
A school of thought concerned with happiness, fulfillment and positivity
What is cognitive psychology?
A school of thought interested in thoughts and mind processes
What is culture?
A set of beliefs traditions values etc
What is the scientific method?
A systematic way of observing and measuring a phenomenon
What is an independent variable?
A treatment condition administered
What is stimulus generalization?
Generalizing similar stimuli
What is extinction?
Getting rid of a behavior
Why was Freud's interpretation of psychoanalysis different from his peers?
He was more concerned with the unconscious and sex
What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Operant uses reinforcement and punishment
What is the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?
Positive is adding a behavior and negative is subtracting it
What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?
Primary includes Gonads and ovaries
What's a random assignment?
Randomly assigning the sample into control and experimental groups
What are sensation receptors?
Receivers of sensory input
Who was Wundt and what was his theory?
a. Psychologist who developed experimental psychology
Who is Piaget?
A French psychologist who developed theory about children
Who is Freud?
A German psychologist who devised Psychoanalytic Theory
What is a theory?
A belief about a phenomenon
Who is Carl Roger?
American psychologist that founded humanistic psychology
What are 2 structures in the fore brain?
Amygdala and hippocampus
What is a hypothesis?
An educated guess
What is the circadian rhythm?
Automatic systems that are regulated
What is the difference between correlation and causation?
Causation indicates a cause-effect and correlation seeks relationship
What is the difference between experimental vs control group?
Control group doesn't received the independent variable
What is REM sleep?
Deepest stage of sleep
What is dementia?
Disorder characterized by extreme loss of memory
What was spontaneous recover?
Extinguishing a behavior and then it re emerges
What is the psychoanalytic theory?
Idea that our thoughts and actions are influenced by unconscious
What is the central nervous system?
Includes brain and spinal cord
What is the peripheral nervous system?
Includes everything but brain and spinal cord
What is behaviorism
Indicates that behavior is observable and measurable
What is secure attachment?
Infant cries when mother leaves
What is ambivalent attachment?
Infants can't decide whether they are upset when mother leaves
What is avoidant attachment?
Infants don't cry when mothers leave
What is the IRB?
Institution that determines whether an experiment is sound
What are 2 structure in the hind brain?
Medulla and pons
What is Gestalt theory?
More concerned with the whole than the sum of parts
What is a dependent variable?
The measured variable
What is functionalism?
School of psychology concerned with adaptive purposes of mind and behavior
What is structuralism?
School of psychology that explored the structures of the mind through introspections
What's a random sample?
Selecting a specific population at random to test a hypothesis
Compare and contrast perception and sensation?
Sensation collects and perception makes sense of it
What is the difference between long- and short-term memory?
Short term is stored for a shorter time
What are 2 examples of retrieval cues?
Smell and sounds
What are hallucinogenic?
Substances that create faulty perception
What are opioids?
Substances that decrease pain and increase pleasure
What are depressants?
Substances that depress the central nervous system
What are stimulants?
Substances that enhance the central nervous system
What are 2 structures in the mid brain?
Substantia Nigra
What is the main premise for the Bobo doll experiment?
The importance of modeling
What is a disadvantage of self-report instruments?
They might be biased and unaccurate
What are two psychologists associated with behaviorism?
Watson and Skinner
What is puberty?
When primary and secondary characteristics materialize