Midterm Chaps 1,2,3 ?????

Which of the following does (do) not occur in anaerobes? A) anabolic reactions B) catabolic reactions C) electron transport chain D) fermentation reactions

C) electron transport chain

What type of transmission occurs when a pathogen is spread though sneezing or coughing? A. Direct contact B. Indirect contact C. Airborne D. Common vehicle

C. Airborne

Which of the following rules are followed when naming bacterial cells? A. the genus and species names are underlined B. The species name is capitalized and written first C. The genus and species names are italicized D. The genus name is capitalized and written first

C. The genus and species names are italicized D. The genus name is capitalized and written first

Which one of the following characteristics do animals, fungi, and protozoa have in common? A. They obtain their carbon from carbon dioxide. B. They obtain their carbon from inorganic compounds. C. They obtain their energy and carbon atoms from chemicals. D. They obtain their energy from light.

C. They obtain their energy and carbon atoms from chemicals.

Which of the following processes does not involve bacteriophages? A. lysogenic conversion B. lytic cycle C. transduction D. transformation

C. transduction

The process whereby naked DNA is absorbed into a bacterial cell is known as: A. transcription. B. transduction. C. transformation. D. translation.

C. transformation.

All of the following are classes of parasites except: a. Dermatophytes b. Ectoparasites c. Protozoa d. Helminths

a. Dermatophytes

Which of the following is not part of the helminth group of parasites? a. Ectoparasite b. Roundworm c. Fluke d. Tapeworm

a. Ectoparasite

Which of the following statements describes correct naming of bacterial cells? a. Genus name (capitalized in italics) and species name (lowercase in italics) b. Genus name (lowercase in italics) and species name (lowercase in italics) c. Species name (capitalized) and species name (lowercase) d. Genus name (capitalized) and species name (lowercase)

a. Genus name (capitalized in italics) and species name (lowercase in italics)

The purpose of determining microbial susceptibility is to: a. Identify the most effective antibiotic to treat the infection. b. Identify the microbe that is present. c. Determine the concentration of the microbe present. d. Determine whether the infection is caused by a virus or bacteria.

a. Identify the most effective antibiotic to treat the infection.

What are multicellular colonies of intertwined hyphae that form tiny knobs at their tips? a. Mold b. Yeast c. Protozoa d. Fungi

a. Mold

Which of the following statements describes the "Golden Age of Microbiology"? a. Most agents of bacterial disease were identified and cultivated b. Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine c. Leuwenhoek developed the microscope. D. Aseptic techniques such as hand washing were first promoted (The Golden Age of Microbiology occurred from 1870 to 1914 during which time of bacterial disease, including malaria pneumonia, and meningitis, were identified)

a. Most agents of bacterial disease were identified and cultivated

Which of the following pathogens is a major cause of acute respiratory disease in children? a. Respiratory syncytial virus b. Influenza virus c. Hepatitis C virus d. SARS-associated coronavirus

a. Respiratory syncytial virus

Biochemical pathway involving glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

aerobic respiration

Cannot take place in an obligate anaerobe.

aerobic respiration

Which produces more energy, aerobic respiration or fermentation?

aerobic respiration

Used to build complex organic compounds from simpler compounds; also known as biosynthetic reactions; chemical bonds are created; energy is required.

anabolic reactions

Bacteria that do not need oxygen for survival are_______

anaerobic

Bacteriostatic

antibiotics inhibit the replication of microorganisms and prevent the growth of the organism without destroying them

Binary fission is a form of _________reproduction

asexual

Organisms that use carbon dioxide as their source of carbon are called ____________________.

autotrophs

How long is the incubation period for a primary culture? a. Less than 24 hours b. The timeframe depends upon the type of microbe in the culture c. More than 48 hours d. 24-48 hours

d. 24-48 hours

How are antibiotics classified? a. Bacteriostatic or bactericidal b. Broad or narrow spectrum c. Aerobic or anaerobic d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following statements is true regarding the disk diffusion method of susceptibility testing? a. This is an expensive method of testing. b. This method works best with slow-growing bacteria. c. The results identify the antibiotic dosage needed to treat the infection. d. Antibiotic-containing paper disks are used to identify "zones of inhibition".

d. Antibiotic-containing paper disks are used to identify "zones of inhibition".

Which of the following maintains the shape of the cell? a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Cell membrane c. Nucleus d. Cytoplasm

d. Cytoplasm

An organism that lives in or on another organism at the host's expense is a: a. Fungi b. Prion c. Virus d. Parasite

d. Parasite

A temperature of greater than 104 degrees Fahrenheit would be considered what type of fever? dangerous severe moderate mild

dangerous

A ________ is a group of microbes growing in a nutrient-rich environment

Culture

In lysogenic conversion, bacteria acquire new genetic information in the form of: A) bacterial genes. B) naked DNA. C) R-factors. D) viral genes.

D) viral genes.

Which of the following is an example of protective barriers in the digestive system? A. Saliva B. Acidic pH of the stomach C. Alkaline environment of the intestines D. All of the above

D. All of the above

What are the primary functions of the innate immune response? A. Signal T cells to produce cytokines in response to the pathogen B. Create memory cells to prepare the body for future attacks C. Produce antibodies in response to the pathogen D. Attack the pathogen and alert the adaptive immune response

D. Attack the pathogen and alert the adaptive immune response

Saprophytic fungi are able to digest organic molecules outside of the organism by means of: A. apoenzymes. B. coenzymes. C. endoenzymes. D. exoenzymes.

D. exoenzymes.

Mosquitos carrying the Plasmodium species can transmit __________to humans.

Malaria

When a eukaryotic cell reaches a certain size, this stimulates the cell to undergo_____________ , which means it divides itself into two equal parts.

Mitosis

An axillary temperature is a temperature taken in the rectum. True False

False

Microorganisms with low levels of virulence cannot cause disease in a person with a weakened immune system. a. T b. F

False

Most antibiotics are bactericidal at low concentrations True or False

False

Normal flora is only found on skin and around openings of the body such as the mouth and nose. a. T b. F

False

Prions are infectious proteins that contain both DNA and RNA. a. T b. F

False

Protozoa are unable to survive without a human host. a. T b. F

False

The "Golden Age of Microbiology" refers to the period of time in history when Leeuwenhoek created the microscope and discovered microbes. T/F

False

The patient's viral load does not correspond with the severity of the patient's illness. a. T b. F

False

Yeasts are single-celled organisms that manufacture their own food using organic matter. T/F

False

Anabolic reactions are a cell's major source of energy. True False

False (catabolic reactions are a cell's major source of energy

Mutations are always harmful. True False

False (mutations may be harmful, beneficial, or "silent")

The majority of the energy produced in aerobic respiration is produced by the Krebs cycle. True False

False (the majority of the energy is produced by the electron transport chain)

The biosynthesis of polysaccharides, polypeptides, and nucleic acids are examples of catabolic reactions. True False

False - these are examples of anaerobic reactions

Mycology

Focuses on the identification of fungi, including yeasts and molds, which can cause

________ is one of the most common parasites to infect human gastrointestinal tracts

Giardia

__________ active immunity is acquired through the exposure to illnesses in daily life.

Natural You can acquire immunity in several different ways. Natural active immunity is acquired in the course of daily life. When you catch a virus or a bacterium, your immune system fights it off, and memory cells are created for the next meeting

___________is caused by the dilatation of blood vessels which allows the passage of fluid, antibodies, and WBCs into the infected body area.

Inflammation

_______are structures that perform the daily functions of the cell.

Organelles

Parasitology

Responsible for identifying specific parasitic infections

Bacteriology

Responsible for the growth, isolation, identification, and treatment recommendations of bacterial infections

Proteins that must link up with a cofactor to function as an enzyme are called: A) apoenzymes. B) coenzymes. C) endoenzymes. D) holoenzymes.

A) apoenzymes.

What are the primary symptoms of a pinworm infection? A. Anal itching which is worse at night B. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea C. Blindness and seizures D. Fever, pain, fatigue

A. Anal itching which is worse at night

Which of the following are characteristics of binary fission? A. The cell divides itself in half b. Is is a form of sexual reproduction c. It is a form of asexual reproduction D. The cell divides its DNA and other organelles

A. The cell divides itself in half

Which of the following contain no organelles and consist of a protein coat that covers a single strand of DNA or RNA? A. Viruses B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. Parasites

A. Viruses

In transduction, bacteria acquire new genetic information in the form of: A. bacterial genes. B. naked DNA. C. R-factors. D. viral genes.

A. bacterial genes.

Most ATP molecules are produced during which phase of aerobic respiration? A. electron transport chain B. fermentation C. glycolysis D. Krebs cycle

A. electron transport chain

Which of the following are portals of entry for fungal spores? a. GI tract b. Respiratory tract c. Open wounds d. All of these

All of the above

Which of the following techniques are followed when preparing a culture? A. Any mixed cultures must be separated into subcultures until only one species is present B. The plate is stored in a incubator to allow optimal growth C. The sample is spread on the media in a specific pattern that divides the plate into four quadrants D. The plate is stored bottom up to prevent condensation from dripping into the colonies

All of them

_________ passive immunity involves the administration of antibodies for short-term protection in special situations.

Artificial

What is the purpose of a a simple stain? A. To identify gram-positive bacteria B. To provide additional information about the cell bases on the composition of the cell wall. C. To identify gram-negative bacteria D. To provide contrast to better illustrate the structure and arrangement of bacterial cells

B. To provide additional information about the cell bases on the composition of the cell wall.

Tuberculosis, botulism, and tetanus are examples of diseases caused by rod-shaped bacteria known as

Bacillus

In ____________________, bacteria acquire new genetic information when bacteriophages inject bacterial genes.

Transduction

A benefit of the broth dilution method of susceptibility testing is that the effective drug concentration or dosage can be identified. a. T b. F

True

A health care-associated infection is an example of an opportunistic infection. a. T b. F

True

A patient with HIV is usually treated with a combination of three medications in order to decrease the risk of drug resistance. a. T b. F

True

A patient's HIV infection is determined to have progressed to AIDS when the patient's T-cell count is below 200 cells/mm3. a. T b. F

True

A virus requires a living host cell to reproduce. a. T b. F

True

Aerobic respiration is a more efficient method of breaking down glucose than is fermentation. True False

True

An aural temperature is a temperature taken in the ear. True False

True

Antibiotic resistance can develop when bacterial enzymes attack the drug or prevent it from attaching to the bacteria. a. T b. F

True

Fleas and ticks are ectoparasites that feed on blood and can transmit diseases in the process. a. T b. F

True

In glycolysis, a 6-carbon glucose molecule is broken down into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid. True False

True

Intact skin is an effective barrier against pathogens. a. T b. F

True

Parasites are identified by their name and stage of development. a. T b. F

True

Prions cause serious neurological diseases in both humans and animals. a. T b. F

True

The endoplasmic reticulum transports materials in and out of the cell nucleus and facilitates intracellular communication. a. T b. F

True

The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of a new kingdom of organisms. a. T b. F

True

The species name is given to a group of bacteria with similar characteristics True or False

True

When performing a Gram stain, if the bacteria retain the purple color after the decolorizing rinse then they are identified as gram-positive bacteria. a. T b. F

True

When treating an infection, it is better to use a broad-spectrum antibiotic to destroy as many microorganisms as possible. T /F

True

An example of an airborne transmission is: -being bitten by an infected insect -a coughing patient with tuberculosis -an accidental stick with a contaminated needle -touching a door knob after someone with the flu

a coughing patient with tuberculosis

Biochemical pathway involving glycolysis and the production of ethyl alcohol, lactic acid, or other products from pyruvic acid; no Krebs cycle or electron transport chain involved; does not require oxygen.

fermentation

The plasma protein that forms antibodies is called: hemoglobin albumin globulin fibrinogen

globulin

Organisms that use organic compounds as their source of carbon are called ____________________.

heterotrophs

Epidemiology

is the study of disease patterns and the spread of disease within a population

Streptococci

link together in chains

Staphylococci

link together in clusters

_______________ are chemotrophs that use inorganic chemicals as their energy source.

lithotrophs

The specialized area that filters lymph fluid and produces lymphocytes for immune response is called: lymph node Peyer's patch kidney Golgi body

lymph node

The type of white blood cell that produces antibodies is called: monocyte basophil lymphocyte thrombocyte

lymphocyte

One of the methods viruses use to cause disease is by destroying the host cell which is known as cell_____

lysis

In ____________________, bacteria acquire new genetic information in the form of viral genes.

lysogenic conversion

Which of the following is an important advantage of the broth dilution method over the disk diffusions method of susceptibility testing? a. The results are identified more rapidly b. It can identify the drug concentration or dosage needed in inhibit organism growth C. It can identify a "zone of inhibition" that is compared to established standards to determine sensitivity (Identifying the "zone of inhibition" is part of the disk diffusion method. The broth dilution method is not necessarily less expensive, less labor intensive, or faster than the disk diffusion method) d. The testing is less expensive and less labor intensive

not C

Organisms that use organic compounds as their energy source are called ____________________.

organotrophs

Paired reactions that involve the transfer of electrons.

oxidation-reduction reactions

Organisms that use light as their energy source are called ____________________.

phototrophs

The ________ is the highest normal temperature site. rectum armpit ear mouth

rectum

Monococci

single cocci (single formation)

Virology

the study of viruses and viral infections and disease

In ____________________, bacteria acquire new genetic information as a result of absorbing pieces of naked DNA from their environment.

transformation

_______ is the study of disease patterns and the spread of disease within a population

Epidemology

An example of a bloodborne transmission is: -being bitten by an infected insect -touching a door knob after someone with the flu -an accidental stick with a contaminated needle -a coughing tuberculosis patient

-an accidental stick with a contaminated needle

An example of a biological vector is: -being bitten by an infected insect -an accidental stick with a contaminated needle -touching a door knob after someone with the flu -eating contaminated food

-being bitten by an infected insect

An example of a biological vector is: -touching a door knob after someone with the flu -being bitten by an infected insect -eating contaminated food -an accidental stick with a contaminated needle

-being bitten by an infected insect

An example of a common vehicle transmission is: -being bitten by an infected insect -an accidental stick with a contaminated needle -eating contaminated food -touching a door knob after someone with the flu

-touching a door knob after someone with the flu

Patients acquire artificial immunity when they receive a(n) _________

????

Bacteria can produce _________ that are highly resistant forms of the organism that develop in response to adverse environmental conditions.

Spores

Fungi reproduce by growing ________

Spores

The thymus gland produces: thrombocytes B-lymphoctes antibodies T-lymphocytes

T-lymphocytes

What are the two major categories of cells? a. Plants and animals b. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes c. Bacteria and viruses d. Pathogens and non-pathogens

b. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Antibiotics that actively kill bacteria are referred to as________

bactericidal

Diplocci

berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs (Ex: pneumococci and gonococci)

Which of the following bacterial cells are rod shaped? a. Spirilla b. Cocci c. Bacilli d. None of these

c. Bacilli

In ____________________, genetic information is passed from one bacterial cell to another via a hollow sex pilus.

conjugation.