Midterm Exam SPED 4753

Marketing companies have long used terms such as ______________________ as a promotional tool to convince educators to buy certain products, services or to adapt certain techniques for use in schools.

"Scientifically - based" "research based" "proven"

Classrooms that have which of the following characteristics are ripe for a wide range of behavior problems?

- Classrooms that are crowded - Classrooms that have congested spots - Classroom that have furnishings that are not appropriately sized for the students

Which of the following statements is true regarding free time as part of the daily schedule?

- Free time can be a setting event for a challenging behaviors - Breaks should be structured to help avoid management problems

Which of the following might be interventions of SW- PBIS at the secondary level of prevention?

- Mentors to meet regularly with identified students - small group instruction in social skills, self-control skills, or anger management skills - Behavioral contracts

Happy, content students are more likely to be cooperative. When your class is a place where students want to be, they will be less likely to exhibit inappropriate behavior to escape. To accomplish this type of environment, Ms. Truman used which of the following?

- She used respectful talk to students, parents, and professional peers - She displayed quality student work

Which of the following questions will help you plan for activities in specific areas of your classroom?

- What materials will need to be stored in this area? - How will the materials be stored and labeled? - What materials will students access on their own?

Academic learning time is positively correlated with

- academic achievement - positive classroom behavior - student learning

Which of the following teachers behaviors may interfere with productive relationships with families?

- acting authoritative with parents

Which one of the choices below briefly describes concerns regarding the Life Space Interview?

- behavior debriefing may reinforce unacceptable behavior - Students' may use feelings as an excuse for unacceptable behavior - LSI can result in loss of academic learning time

The biophysical model, also called the medical model, is based on the assumption that atypical behavior is the result of:

- biological make-up - some type of organic dysfunction inherent in the individual - genetics

In order to determine the procedures you need for your classroom, you need to

- consider the learning and behavioral characteristics of your students. - consider all of the tasks required during the school day. - list behaviors that will make your classroom a positive learning environment.

A SW-PBIS approach avoids problems that often occur with commercial discipline programs through the use of which of the following attributes?

- determining that the majority of a school's staff view discipline as an important concern - designing interventions that reflect the unique needs and culture of the school

Procedures are needed for which of the following activities?

- getting ready for work - transitions - individual learning tasks

Studies have shown that harsh, exclusionary punishments are disproportionately applied to which students?

- males - minority students - students with disabilities

Ms. Jacobs developed five rules for her students: No talking; No leaving seats; and No horseplay. Ms. Jacobs taught the rules and had students practice the rules during the first few weeks of school. However, her students continued to have behavior problems, especially during transitions. Transitions took a long time, and students were usually loud and rowdy while transitioning. Which of the following will help Ms. Jacobs get better behaviors from her students?

- states the rules in a positive terms - create procedures stated in positive terms to complement the rules

Which of the three are part of the four theoretical elements integrated in PBIS?

- systems change to enhance the broad quality of student living/learning, and reduce problem behaviors - research validated practices - operationally defined and valued outcomes

which of the following characteristics are potential dimensions of challenging behaviors?

- type of behavior - frequency and intensity - age appropriateness

Here are three of the four assumptions of Applied Behavior Analysis: (1) A person's past learning and biological make-up affect current behavior. (2) All voluntary behavior, both appropriate behavior and inappropriate behavior, is governed by the same principles. (3) Behavior is related to the environment in which it occurs. Which of the following completes the four assumptions?

Behavior serves a purpose

School and classroom strategies that promote positive social behavior and academic success for all students are ___________________ to preventing discipline problems.

Essential

Which one of the following statements is NOT true according to the relationship between instruction and behavior?

Instruction has little to do with levels of problem behavior.

According to a comprehensive study of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, which one of these statements is true.

Medication should always be combined with behavioral interventions and PBS.

Ms. James teaches a self-contained classroom for children who have severe learning and behavior problems. She schedules each minute of her students' time with various learning experiences. Mr. Williams teaches in the same type of classroom with students who are a year or two older than Ms. James' students. However, he allows students several 30 minute minimally supervised breaks during their time in his classroom. Which classroom do you think has a higher chance of acting out behavior?

Mr. Williams

Functional Behavioral Assessment is based on several assumptions. Which of the following statements is not one of these assumptions?

Parents are the most influential in a student's school behavior

A school uses a schoolwide reinforcement system. Is this school using SW-PBIS?

Perhaps. We'd need to know more about this school before determining if they use SW- PBIS.

SW-PBIS focuses on student performance in all systems of the school. If a problem is identified in a particular area of the school, what happens?

Positive, proactive interventions to address the problem are developed.

Which of the following is a reactive response?

Reprimands detentions exclusions

The SW-PBIS team is responsible for many duties. The team is most productive when they have which of the following elements?

Structured meetings, including an agenda for each meeting.

Because the proactive and preventive elements of SW- PBIS meet the needs of most students, school personnel are able to focus their resources on which of the following?

Students who are unresponsive to other school wide strategies.

Rules must always reflect the age and ability levels of your students.

True

Mr. Williams teaches sixth grade science. Each morning he stands in the hallway and greats each of his students by name. Which of the three tiers of prevention and support is Mr. Williams using?

Universal level supports

Which of the following statements regarding classroom organization is correct?

When teachers match the physical arrangement of their classrooms to support instructional and social expectations, student behavior tends to be more appropriate.

In the last decade there has been increased criticism of schools for problems with drug and alcohol use among students. Which of the following has also been criticized?

a lack of discipline

Teaching schoolwide rules means that

all students are taught how to follow the rules in all areas of the school at the beginning of the school year.

Which of the following terms refers to the time that teachers schedule for instructional activities?

allocated time

Rules should

apply to multiple situations

Students with behavior challenges are students who require...

differential management techniques, more structure, possibly more individualized instruction

The ecological model relies upon ecological assessment to gather information about the child's behavior and expectations relative to the child's

ecosystems in which the child functions

When students are engaged in break time activities, the chances of behavior problems are high unless the teacher has:

established and taught rules and procedures for break time.

Given the assumption that behavior serves a purpose (function), we ___________ what happens when those behaviors occur to develop hypotheses about the purpose those behaviors might be serving for the student.

evaluate

Aggressive children from disorderly first grade classes are more likely to ________________ than the average child by sixth grade.

exhibit aggressive behavior

Classrooms that are chaotic are often unclear in terms of what behaviors are expected or allowed; however, this has little to do with unacceptable behavior.

false

It is not necessary for class rules and procedures to reflect school rules and procedures, as long as teachers can justify their rules.

false

Reactive measures save instructional time for teachers and administrators.

false

SW-PBIS is a package program for educators to use as a discipline system for their campus.

false

The "behavioral and biomedical sciences basis" for SW-PBIS means that SW-PBIS systems rely upon medication as one form of intervention.

false

There is scant research to support SW-PBIS as an efficacious approach to improving student performance in a wide range of academic and social areas.

false

When organizing your classroom, it is unnecessary to consider the activities that will take place in each area.

false

Mr. Brown asked the parents of one of his students to meet with him. He acknowledged their demanding work schedule and agreed to meet with them early before his regular arrival time. He explained to them that their daughter was having some behavior problems in his classroom. He said that he needed their help to better know their daughter. What elements of a good relationship did Mr. Brown use?

integrity respect mutual interest

Mr. Miller takes his position as a special educator very seriously. He is busy working in his classroom from the beginning till the end of the work day. He rarely goes to the teachers' lounge and has not made friends with his peers. This school year, his principal announced that students in special education would receive services within general education classes. What will Mr. Miller need to do in order to implement this plan?

listen respectfully to the ideas of others

Which of the following student groups are most affected by the traditional discipline policies?

minority students male students low income students

Many students who receive office referrals and/or detentions are repeat offenders. This means that this type of reactive discipline is

not working for these students

Before school began, Mr. Bright wrote rules and procedures for his classroom. He reviewed the curriculum and developed lesson plans for the first week of school. He created a tentative schedule and class routines. What is the next task that Mr. Bright needs to accomplish before the first day with students?

organize the classroom

Mr. Colins was a new teacher who wanted to develop good relationships with his students' parents. Mr. Colins should do which of the following in order to develop effective parent/teacher partnerships.

prepare a booklet of all classroom rules and procedures

Ms. Smith wanted her class to be prepared to begin work as soon as the roll was taken. She needed to develop a procedure for

preparing for instruction

Which tier of SW-PBIS is intended for the most students?

primary level

Schoolwide rules and acknowledgement systems are main interventions in which tier of SW- PBIS?

primary level prevention

Mr. Deshner teaches 5th grade. One of his students sleeps each day at about 10:00 AM. Which model would best help Mr. Deshner identify why this behavior is ongoing?

psychodynamic

Which of the following is NOT one of the four theoretical elements integrated in PBIS?

punitive discipline

Mr. Graves used a variety of activities each day. His students never knew what to expect when they came to class. Mr. Graves thought that this way of teaching would keep his students from being bored. When he began to have classroom management problems, a mentor teacher pointed out that his planning lacked an important element. Which of the following would help Mr. Graves?

regular classroom routines

One especially useful tool in developing and implementing rules and procedures is

reminders

Ms. James, a new teacher, wanted to develop positive, respectful relationships with her students. She knew that praise was important. She solicited and used student ideas in class, but still needed additional ideas. Of the following, what advice would provide the most important impact in positive teacher-student relationships?

respect student contributions in class

Mr. Night teaches a laboratory science class. His students are allowed to talk to students at their lab table during group work. However, they have begun to test this privilege and are talking across tables. Mr. Night should address this problem with

reteaching and developing reminders for current rules and procedures.

A visitor to your classroom should be able to discern which of the following for your class?

rules and procedures

Which of the following should be addressed by your classroom rules?

safety respect responsibility

Behavioral contracts and small group instruction in social skills might be interventions used in which tier of SW- PBIS?

secondary level prevention

Sometimes, events or conditions that are not immediately connected in time and place to the behavior in question may affect the behavior; such conditions are known as ____________________.

setting events

A visitor should be able to ask several randomly selected students about the rules and procedures and receive ___________________________ from each student.

similar responses

Mr. Covey is a new teacher to his school this year. He understands the importance of positive, collaborative teacher-parent relationships. He initiated early contact with the parents of his students. As parent conference day approached, he asked a veteran teacher for advice about making parent meetings as productive as possible. Which of the following would be a part of the advice he received?

take steps to ensure that parents feel welcome in the educational setting.

"Differentiation of classroom-managed versus office-managed behaviors means that

the SW-PBIS team identifies discipline infractions that should be managed in the classroom versus those that should be referred to an administrator.

Organizing the classroom should be one of the last things teachers do in preparation for their students because

the daily schedule, instructional activities, reinforcement activities, and other decisions will affect decisions about organization.

Cognitive interventions focus on errors in _____________ that result in unacceptable behavior.

thinking

"Operationally defined and valued outcomes" means that SW-PBIS relies upon specific, measurable indicators of behavior, evaluated by multiple sources of data.

true

A 2004 survey of teachers regarding discipline problems and policies indicated that minor behavioral infractions continue to be problematic.

true

Antecedents are events that occur before behaviors and that may cue or set the stage for certain behaviors

true

Any SW-PBIS program is a work in progress. SW-PBIS teams must never stop evaluating their SW-PBIS systems and fine-tuning those systems.

true

Cognitive-behavioral interventions are used with the goal of helping the individual better manage his or her own behavior, or to become more independent of external control.

true

Consequences are events that follow a behavior that determine whether the behavior will be repeated or not.

true

Failure to learn more adaptive behaviors creates a setting event condition that increases the likelihood that undesired behaviors will occur.

true

Happy, contented students are more likely to be cooperative. If your class is a place where students want to be, they will be less likely to exhibit inappropriate behavior to escape.

true

Most businesses and other public facilities take great care to make their environment pleasing and welcoming to the public.

true

Teachers can take steps to prevent most challenging behavior

true

The instructional focus of SW-PBIS means that students are taught what to do. This means, in part, that schoolwide rules are actively taught.

true

The less time teachers spend on discipline problems, the more time they have to teach.

true

The little things we say and do have an impact on student behavior.

true

Under a psychodynamic approach the aim is to help the individual gain insight into internalized feelings and emotions, usually related to issues stemming from early life experiences.

true

When it is necessary to add or change rules/procedures during the school year, teach them just as you did at the beginning of the year.

true

Your classroom should look like a place where learning occurs, where learning is important, and where learning is celebrated.

true

Zero tolerance specifics predetermined consequences for certain serious offenses

true

Careless, unsystematic application of positive reinforcement can increase _____________ behaviors as well as desirable behaviors.

undesirable

Which of the following should be removed from a classroom as soon as possible?

unused furniture, equipment, or supplies

A behavioral approach is based on the fundamental assumption that all _______________ behavior is learned as a result of consequences associated with those behaviors.

voluntary