Midterm Graphics

comprehensive

A ____ layout shows how the printed piece will look when it is finished.

10%,20%

A ____ screen tint would result in less ink deposited than a _____ tint.

Text filler

A _____ is a used to retain the original formatting of a text when it is imported from a word processing program.

Densitometer

A ________ is used to measure the density or darkness of an image.

thumbnail sketch

A ____________ is a rapidly drawn design of a layout. thumbnail sketch

incident

A beam of light coming toward a surface is called ____ beam

90

A dBA reading of ______ is the maximum allowable limit for an eight hour day without ear protection. 90

comprehensive layout

A detailed layout showing how the printed piece will look when finished.

grating

A diffraction ______ is used to separate colors in light.

Substrate

A material (such as paper) on which printing is done is called a(n) ______________

1/6

A pica is approximately___ of an inch.

1/72

A point is approximately _______ of an inch.

Dialog box

A program feature that allows the operator to input information ( such as a measurement) is called a ________

prices and quantities

A quote lists the ____________ and ___________ for production of printed goods and services.

Template

A reusable ________ contains all the master pages and other formatting that make up a multipage document.

45

A screen angle of _____ degrees is normally used for the color black when making color separations.

font

A typeface _____________ consists of the letters, figures, and punctuation marks that are of one size and style.

family

A typeface ______________ consists of the variation of one style of type.

Technical Ink Pen

A________ is commonly used by the paste up artist.

Burnisher

A__________ is a tool used firmly adhere waxed copy to the base sheet.

Adjustment that the eyes make to their sensitivity of light.

Adaptation

above, below

An ascender extends ________________ and a descender __________________ the x-height letters.

Machine guards that can be hinged or moved.

Barrier Guards

The process of joining together multiple pages of printed product by various means including sewing, stapling, spiral wire, adhesives.

Binding

Graphic files that contain a map of pixels, each of which is assigned characteristics such as color and brightness, make up the image.

Bitmapped Images

Often referred to as lightness or luminosity, it can be defines as a value indicating how light or dark a color is.For paper classification, the percent reflectance of blue light only, centering on the wave length 457nm.

Brightness

A finished ad that is ready for the printer's camera to shoot-to make negatives or plates- according to the publication's specifications

Camera Ready Art

An electronic instrument that uses a photocell to accurately measure the amount of light reflected from or through different tone values

Densitometer

Making windows on a mechanical for placing photographs; making overlays for additional colors

Describe two uses for masking film

The method used to represent information in a computer system.The information is stored and processed in binary for, as a series of on and off ( the presence or absence of an electrical charge) states.The numerals 1 and 0 are congenitally used to represent the on and off states.

Digital

A list that extends downward from the menu bar on the computer display screen.The list consists of choices that can be used to create or modify documents.

Dropdown Menus

A device used to measure points and sizes and leading printing type

E-Gauge

The final preparation of the author or writers manuscript for publication.It involves checking the text ,line art and photographs.Content editing involves checking the material to make sure it is up to date. Copy editing is done to correct spelling and punctuation, mark for style and assure proper grammar.

Editing

The entire range of wave lengths of electromagnetic radiation, extending from gamma rays (very short) to radio waves ( very long).The wavelengths are usually measured in nanometers (nm).

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A combination of computer hardware and software designed for image handling and the assembly of text and images into page layouts.

Electronic Imaging System

the fundamental elements used by the layout artist to make a composition. They includes body type, display type, illustrations, and white space.

Elements

the fundamental elements used by the graphic designer. Include lines, shapes, mass, texture, and color

Elements of design

The science of designing a job to fit the worker

Ergonomics

Use tweezers or the point of art knife.

Explain two methods of positioning very small pieces of copy.

The process of electronically assembling line and halftone negatives or positives into pages also known as stripping.

Image Assembly

A press plate or other intermediate used to transfer identical images onto a substrate

Image Carrier

dots per inch or pixels.

Image resolution is measured in ________ or ___________

The intensity or strength of a color and its saturation.

In Munsell's color system ,what does the term chroma identitfy?

artistic and functional

In graphic communications, design refers to the use of proper methods to produce a product that is both _______ and __________.

The menu which appears depends on the type of material being worked on at the time a selection is made from the window bar.

In relation to menus for a page composition program," What does the term" context sensitive" mean?

Long hair pulled back; no jewelry or watch; wear apron, eye and ear protection, safety shoes.

Inks, blanket wash, fountain solutions, and plate cleaners are examples of ________?

_________________ refers to changing the distance between some of the letters of a word to improve appearance of the type.

Kerning

the paste up surface or board used in layout

Layout Base Sheet

relief

Letterpress is another name used for _____ printing

A device used to measure in the graphics communication industry.It is equal to 0.0138.

Line Gauge

Mega, Kilo,Hecto,Centi, MIlli, Macro

List 6 common metric prefixes.

Roman, sans serif, square serif, black letter or text, script or cursive, novelty or decorative, and italic

List and describe the seven basic typeface classifications.

Computer, printer, scanner, publishing software.

List four components of a typical desktop publishing system.

body type, display type, illustrations, and white space

List the four elements of layout.

A-series sizes, used for general printing requirements, B- series sizes; used for posters; and C-series sizes, used for postcards, folders,and envelopes.

List the three ISO series for paper the envelopes and the uses for each series.

Input, processing, and output

List three basic functions of a computer system .

A key or combination-type lock used to hold an energy isolating device in the safe position to prevent the machine from energizing.

Lockout Device

A document produced by a chemical manufacturer that summarizes the physical properties of a particular chemical and the health and safety hazards associated with its use.

MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)

Metal or plastic enclosures that cover moving machine parts and protect the operator from being cut, squashed, or hit by flying fragments.

Machine Guards

reciprocating, rotating, pinch pointing, and shearing

Machine guarding protects the operator from hazards posed by what four types of machine action?

A page composition program feature that can be set up to include the page geometry, typography and other elements of a page that will recur in a document.Several different ones maybe used a single document.

Master Page

A completed page of type on photographic paper and illustrations, adhered to a base sheet, that is used to produce a photographic negative. The negative.The negative, n turn, is used to produce a printing plate.

Mechanical

Set 10pt type with two points of leading between lines

Ona type specification, what does, "10/12" mean?

Roman faces have strokes of different weights; sans serif faces typically use strokes of uniform weight.

Other than the use of serifs, what is the major differences between Roman and sans serif typefaces?

Visible Light or Visible Spectrum

Our eyes are only sensitive to a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. What is this range called?

Clothing or equipment worn for protection from potential bodily injury associated with chemical use or machine operation. Devices worn in graphic communication plants include safety glasses, face shields, plastic or rubber gloves, earplugs, dust masks, respirators, and safety shoes.

PPD ( Personal Protection Device)

The traditional means of preparing a mechanical by adhering page elements to a base sheet.

Paste Up Method

The generation of type using photographic paper or film exposed to light

Photo composition

A general term for processes that use light to place the original image onto a light sensitive material.

PhotoConversion

One of the principal units of measure used in the graphics industry .It is equal to 0.166

Pica

A closed figure of any shape from rectangular to freeform used to position an illustration.

Picture Box

One of the principal units of measure in the graphics communications industry.It is equal to 0.0138.

Point

cyan, magenta, yellow

Primary subtractive colors

A process involving the use of a specialized machine to transfer an image from an image carrier to a substrate.

Printing

A measuring device used to determine the correct reproduction percentage for the enlargement or reduction of images.

Proportional Scale

Control devices that assure the proper positioning of overlays on the base sheet of a mechanical.

Register Marks

An image's sharpness or clarity; the number of pixels per unit of linear measurement on a video displaying the number of dots per inch( ( DPI) in printed form.

Resolution

attribute of color that defines its degrees of strength or difference from white.It can also be defines as extent to which one or two f the three RGB primaries predominates in a color.

Saturation

Angular relationships of line screens used in making color separations for four-color printing

Screen Angles

Reproduction screen used to provide a tint percentage of a solid color.

Screen Tint

75 , 133

Screen sizes below _______ lines are considered coarse while sizes above ______ are considered fine.

The programs used to accomplish varying task on a computer

Software

12% to 30%

Standard solvent-based washes can contain up to 100% VOCs, while vegetable ester washes contain _____% VOCs. 12% to 30%

Refers to lightness o luminosity and can be defined as a value indicating how light or dark a color is.

To what does the term brightness refer?

A method of breaking a continuous tone image into tiny dots for printing.

What is a halftone?

A page with typeset cop and artwork pasted

What is a mechanical?

The process of dividing a color image into the CMYK process colors that will be used to prepare the four printing plates

What is color separation?

Wood or metal spacers used to hold type in a chase.

What is furniture

A computer program that allows the operator to combine text and graphics into page formats that can be output to a printer, imagesetter, or other device.

What is page composition software?

a method of indicating what portion of the photo is to be used or reproduced.

What is photocropping?

The attribute of color that defines it degree of strength or difference from white.It can also be defined as the extent to which one or two of the three RGB primaries predominates in a color.

What is saturation ?

A system in which the primary additive colors (RGB) mix to form other colors.White is formed by adding the three colors in equal measures.

What is the additive color formation system?

an imaginary line drawn across the bottom of body-height letters of body-height letters

What is the base line?

A combination of roughly equal measures of all visible wavelengths.

What is the composition of white light ?

A layout is a sketch or plan for the finished page; a mechanical is the finished paste up , ready for reproduction.

What is the difference between a layout and mechanical?

It permits the view of an item on the display screen to be enlarged or reduced.

What is the function of the ZOOM tool in a page composition program?

To cut off electrical power supply to a piece of equipment while it is being serviced.

What is the purpose of a lockout device?

To recognize, evaluate, and control potential hazards.

What is the purpose of a workplace safety and health program?

Electronic page composition

What process has replaced manual paste up in many printing operation today?

Hue , Value, and Chroma

What three colors attributes are identified in Munsells color system?

The ability to set more than one point size of a given typeface.

What was the advantage of the protection type of phototypesetter ?

John Bakersville

Which designer first developed a typeface with letters designed solely for printing?

The light sensitive nerve cells of the retina known as and cones.

Which parts(s) of the eye determines (s) our perception of light and color?

Nicolas Jenson

Who is credited with designing and cutting the first Roman typefaces?

For proper alignment when making negatives and during printing.

Why are register marks used with overlays?

The individual pixels are enlarged, giving the image a blocky, ragged edged look.

Why do bitmapped Images not enlarge well?

The color does not reproduce on litho film

Why is a light blue pencil commonly used by the paste up artist?

To provide a neutral standard viewing area that eliminates external variables.

Why is it necessary to use a viewing booth for comparing colors?

To ensure a truer printed black and a faster drying time.Black ink is also less expensive than colored inks.

Why is the black ink used as a fourth printing channel ?

To prevent a moire pattern.

Why must each color separation screen angle be set differently?

Lines and guides the base sheet used for paste up, including corner or trim marks, center marks and fold lines.These marks are helpful to paste ip artist and the stripper .

Workmarks

Hand Composition

_______ methods involve using a pen, brush, lettering template, clip are, or transfer letters to manually generate copy.

Foundry

_______ type is an assortment of individually cast, metal printing

Phototypesetting or Composition

________ is the generation of type using photographic paper or film exposed to light.

Heated Wax

________ is the most commonly used in paste up work to adhere elements to the base sheet.

unity

________ is the proper balance of all elements in an image so that a pleasing whole results and the image is viewed as one piece.

display type

_________ is intended to draw attention to the printed piece.

offset lithography

_________ is the printing process used most extensively in the commercial printing segments of the graphic communication industry.

Drafting Tape

_____________ is commonly used to hold the paste up base sheet on the drawing board or light table.

Red, green, and blue.When mixed together in varying combinations and intensities, these three colors of light can produce any other color . Usually referred to as the RGB system.

additive primary colors

word spacing

Changing the distance between words in a line of copy is called ________________?

Term used in the Munsell system to indicate the extent to which the color is diluted by white light.It shows the amount a given hue deviates from neutral gray of the same value.

Chroma

hardware,software

Computer equipment is referred to as ____________, while programs are described as ____________.

(CTP) Technology that uses imaging systems that take fully paginated digital materials and expose the information to plates in platesetters or image setters without creating film intermediates.Also referred to as direct plates.

Computer to Plate

Three colors and equal distance apart on the color wheel.

What is a color triad?

A press plate or other intermediate used to transfer identical images onto a substrate.

Hardware

Place in an approved metal safety can.

How should you dispose of ink and solvent soaked rags.

organic solvents

How should you dispose of ink and solvent soaked rags?

The color of an object perceived by the eyes, and determined by the dominant light wavelengths reflected or transmitted.

Hue

The series of standard paper and envelope sizes established by the International Organizations for Standardization

ISO series

Hue,saturation, and brightness

Identify the three criteria used in the HSB color system.

individual type character, usally cast in metal, that can be assembled into words, then can later be taken apart and resembled into different words.The term used, begining in the 1400's to distinguish this typesetting method from block printing, in which the message to be printed was carved as a unit onto a wood block.

Moveable Type

Densitometer measure optical density colorimeters measure color values; spectrophotometers measure lightwaves; spectrophotometers measure optical density, color values, and light waves.

Name four color measurement instruments and what they measure.

Bond,Book,Offset, Cover,Text

Name the different grades of paper.

Balance, contrast, unity, rhythm, and proportion

Name the five principles of design.

The point of contact where two cylinders, gears, or rollers meet or come close to one another.

Nip Points

A paste up and layout tool consisting of a thin straightedge blade fastened to a perpendicular head.It is commonly used to align images ,as a knife guide when cutting elements ,and as support and guide for a pen or pencil when drawing straight lines.

T-square

A prominent warning device securely fastened to an energy isolating device, to indicate that electrical power is off and must remain off until the tag is removed.

Tagout Device

A closed figure of any shape from rectangular to freeform used position text.

Text Box

Job Case

The ____ is the common method of foundry type

color wheel

The ______ is a tool that illustrates the basics of color.

caret

The __________ is an upside down v symbol used to mark the location of an error when proofreading copy.

black letter

The _____________________ type style is based on the hand written lettering of German scribes.

Leading

The amount of vertical space between line of type is called ______

Guidlines

The baseline grid displayed by a page composition program includes a variety of nonprinting ______ used for aligning elements.

Subtractive

The colors cyan, magenta, yellow, and black are represented in the __________ color system used for printing.

output

The computer monitor is a(n) __________ device.

Nip point

The dangerous condition exists where two cylinders meet or come close to one another.

serif

The finishing-off stroke at the top or bottom of a character is called a _____________?

Computer

The most common way of generating copy for printing is on a _____________.

compositor

The person who sets type is called a ______

Profreading

The process of checking typeset material for errors in spelling, hyphenation, and other ares is called __________.

binary

The term ______ refers to the way a computer processes and stores information as a series of 1s and Os (or on/off states)

Simple, rapidly drawn designs of a layout.

Thumbnail Sketches

Term used in the Munsell System of color notation to describe the lightness or darkness of a color. It is shown on the central axis as nine steps. The darkest value is at the bottom and the lightest value is at the top.The value of pue black is designated as 0/, pure white as 10/,and middle gray is 5/.

Value

The range of wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum (400 nm - 700 nm) that cause the sensation of vision

Visible Light

Toxic substances contained in blanket and roller washes, fountain solutions, plate cleaners, glaze removers, degreasers, and film cleaners.

Volatile Compounds (VOC's)

The solid, liquid, or contained gaseous material that is produced and disposed of, incinerated, or recycled by a facility.

Waste Stream

Ink colors common to the printing industry

What are Pantone colors based on?

Factors are visibility, letter forms, definition, type size, line length, and leading.

What are at least three physical factors that affect legibility?

The number of pounds in the ream of paper to its basic size.

What are the basic weights of paper ?

The layout objective, the message the product will send, the style and format to be used, layout requirements, printing requirements

What are the factors to consider when building a layout ?

Meter and Kilogram

What are the standard units of length and mass in the SI Metric System.

Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow

What are the subtractive primary colors?

Square circle and triangle

What are the three basic design shapes?

red,yellow,blue

What are three primary colors

Line Gauge, E-Gauge

What are two devices commonly used to measure the point size of type?

US Conventional, SI Metric

What are two most common used systems of measurement?

Some of the light may reflect, while some may pass through the surface.Light entering the second material may refract.Some of the light may be scattered or absorbed.

What can happen to light when it reaches a surface or boundary between two types of material ?

L represents brightness A indicates the red to green value, a B represents the yellow to blue value.

What do the letters LAB represent in the CIRLAB color model.

What You See Is What You Get

What do the letters WYSIWYG represent?

The additive colors ,red ,green ,and blue

What does the acronym RGM represent?

Materials that is in final form, ready for the photomechanical processes that it covert it to film.

What does the term " Camera Ready Copy" mean?

a pasted up page or other material in final form, ready for the photomechanical techniques that convert it film.

camera ready copy

The process of fitting together copy and illustrations in a specific amount of space

copyfitting

A computer based method of combining and arranging text and line art to assemble the final page. Pages are then output to an imagesetter to produce camera ready copy, actual negatives, or even the printing plates themselves. This method has replaced mechanical paste up in many printing operations.

electronic page composition

images that are produced by a draw program. They are able to be defined in terms of mathematical parameters( Bezier curves), giving the artist or designer control over shape, placement ,line width, and pattern. Because the object is defined geometrically ,shapes will not break up when enlarged or reduced.

object-oriented images

a method of indicating what portion of the print is to be used or reproduced

photo cropping

The basic guidelines used by a design artist. They are balance, contrast, unity, rhythm, and proportion.

principles of design

The process of printing from a raised surface. Ink is applied to the raised image, then transferred to the paper or other substrates.Letterpress and flexography are both relief printing processes.

relief printing

A redrawn version of the thumbnail sketch, closely resembling the final layout.

rough layout

When the line spacing dimension is equal to the size of the typeface, the type is said to be:

set solid

The overall layout guidelines relating to such information as type style, type size, line width, color use, and page organization.

specifications

Define the term "body height."

the distance from the top to bottom of body size letters, not including the ascenders and descenders. Also known as "x height".

The art of expressing ideas through the selection of appropriate typefaces is called:

typography