Midterm Informatics

Chronic diseases are of major concern to the United States, not only because of the impact they have on individuals, but also because of the tremendous cost associated with providing treatment for patients with these conditions. Adult-onset diabetes, for example, has reached epidemic proportions. A national health information technology infrastructure will help providers better identify those patients who are at risk for developing this disease and provide treatment strategies to avoid it. true false

true

Ethical dilemmas arise when issues raise questions that cannot be answered with a simple, clearly defined rule, fact, or authoritative view. true false

true

Extended and expanded access to clinical research findings and decision support tools has been significantly influenced by the advent of computerization and the Internet. true false

true

Human-technology interface problems are a major cause of patient monitoring incidents. It is not always that the technology itself is faulty. In fact, the technology may perform flawlessly, but the interface design may cause human error. true false

true

What is the name of the federal legislation in the United States to control how financial institutions handle the private information they collect from individuals? A. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) B. Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act C. HL7 D. All of these are correct.

A. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)

A strength of the FITT model is that it: A. observes the steps users are likely to take to use the interface to accomplish typical tasks. B. encourages the evaluator to examine the fit between each two of the components: user and technology, task and technology, and user and task. C. is the least expensive testing method. D. All of these are correct.

B. encourages the evaluator to examine the fit between each two of the components: user and technology, task and technology, and user and task.

It is important to use standardized terminologies in nursing practice, because: A. data cannot be shared between clinicians. B. it provides continuity of care between care providers and identifies trends. C. it encourages free text documentation by clinicians. D. All of these are correct.

B. it provides continuity of care between care providers and identifies trends.

New technologies used in health care, such as smartphones and Google Glass, create potential ethical issues associated with: A. cognitive load. B. privacy and confidentiality. C. the human technology interface. D. interoperability.

B. privacy and confidentiality.

A nurse is caring for a patient who experiences a complication after surgery. The nurse understands the cause-and-effect relationship because her knowledge is based in: A. empiricism. B. reason. C. instinct. D. intuition.

B. reason.

Behaviors leading to unintentional data breaches include: A. safeguarding an input device. B. walking away from a workstation without logging off. C. using numeral characters in passwords. D. All of these are correct.

B. walking away from a workstation without logging off.

A nurse is teaching a nursing student about the use of social media and health care. Which statement is correct by the nurse? A. "Posts on social media can be deleted, so caution in posting is overrated." B. "Nurses can use social media at work as long as they don't post pictures of themselves with patients." C. "Nurses must use social media cautiously to protect patients' rights." D. "Social media is safe for nurses to use because individuals can restrict access to posts."

C. "Nurses must use social media cautiously to protect patients' rights."

Which of the following terms is defined as any physical or mental health information created, received, or stored by a "covered entity" that can be used to identify an individual patient, regardless of the form of the health information. A. Provider health information B. Patient health information C. Protected health information D. All of these are correct.

C. Protected health information

A nurse is reading literature on cognitive science and understands that this discipline is influenced by which field of science? A. Physiology B. Sociology C. Psychology D. Chemistry

C. Psychology

________ is the term that denotes the ease with which people can use an interface to achieve a particular goal. A. Workaround B. Situational awareness C. Usability D. All of these are correct.

C. Usability

Which of the following can be described as the appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems? A. Transformation B. Research C. Wisdom D. Information

C. Wisdom

It is termed __________if a nurse knows that a colleague has accessed or attempted to access the record of a patient for whom the colleague is not providing care. A. an infringement B. negligent behavior C. a breach D. a violation

C. a breach

Ethics is best described as: A. paradigmatic changes that involve rhythmic processes central to the healthcare system. B. ever-changing principles that guide decision making. C. a process of systematically examining varying viewpoints related to moral questions of right and wrong. D. a revolution in health care brought on by technologic change.

C. a process of systematically examining varying viewpoints related to moral questions of right and wrong.

A nurse is reviewing the conceptual framework of nursing informatics and understands the first concept in this framework is: A. knowledge. B. information. C. data. D. decision making.

C. data.

A nurse reviews the patient's electronic health record prior to meeting the patient. The nurse is: A. acquiring knowledge and wisdom. B. applying knowledge from the basic sciences. C. gathering information and data. D. analyzing knowledge and data.

C. gathering information and data

Considering principles of cognitive informatics when designing technology interfaces helps to mitigate: A. information processing. B. use of resources. C. human mental workload. D. None of these is correct.

C. human mental workload.

Processing in Nursing Informatics will assist in the transformation of data into ______________, and _____________ into knowledge. A. healthcare B. research C. information D. wisdom

C. information

An example of an expert system is the: A. non-programmed intravenous pump. B. pulse oximeter. C. insulin pump. D. the electrocardiographic monitor.

C. insulin pump.

The main goal of any ethical decision is to: A. generate knowledge. B. promote trust. C. reach a rational justifiable decision. D. promote professionalism.

C. reach a rational justifiable decision.

An ID badge is an example of authentication by: A. something the user knows. B. something the user is. C. something the user has. D. All of these are correct.

C. something the user has.

Some organizations provide offsite employees such as homecare nurses with a network interface device that does not have secure information stored on it. These devices are also known as: A. secure devices. B. networking facilitators. C. thin clients. D. All of these are correct.

C. thin clients.

What are the 4 cardinal virtues according to Plato? A. wisdom, courage, self-control, and revenge B. imagination, courage, self-control, and justice C. wisdom, courage, self-control, and justice D. wisdom, independence, self-control, and justice

C. wisdom, courage, self-control, and justice

A nurse is discussing options in the treatment plan with a patient who speaks another language. To enhance interaction and exchange of data and information, the nurse will use which of the following? A. An Internet website on the medical condition B. A family member as a translator C. Another nurse to translate the information D. A technologically based translator

D. A technologically based translator

HIPAA was enacted by the federal government for several purposes, including: A. better portability of health insurance as a worker moved from one job to another. B. deterrence of fraud, abuse, and waste within the healthcare delivery system. C. simplification of the administrative functions associated with the delivery of health care, such as reimbursement claims sent to Medicare and Medicaid. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Which of the following best describes the central goal of nursing informatics? A. To promote patient safety and prevent falls by assigning a fall risk number to hospitalized patients B. To foster interdisciplinary collaboration and communication in a healthcare organization C. To increase efficiency of care delivery and help to manage costs D. To manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in the delivery of nursing care

D. To manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in the delivery of nursing care

Every nurse must commit to lifelong learning and the use of knowledge in practice in order to be successful. True False

True

A password consisting of the ampersand character (&) and the user's birthdate is strong. true false

false

It is safe to open an email attachment from a known sender.

false

Artificial intelligence is the field that deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informatics tools based on intelligent technologies. This field attempts to capture the complex processes of human thought and intelligence. true false

true

Browser privacy settings can control how cookies are used. true false

true

Cognitive task analysis usually starts by identifying, through interviews or questionnaires, the particular task and its typicality and frequency. true false

true

Current telehealth technologies are focused on clinicians being able to see patients and not interact with them since audio and streaming video capabilities are costly. true false

true

Knowledge can be defined as the awareness and understanding of a set of information. true false

true

The HIPAA privacy requirements, which went into effect on April 14, 2003, limited the release of protected health information without the patient's knowledge and consent. true false

true

The human interfaces for each of the various technologies are different and can even differ among different brands or versions of the same device. true false

true

The popularity of social and mobile networking applications is one indication of how new Web-based technologies are changing communication preferences. true false

true

A nurse is explaining how cognitive informatics helps improve information technology in health care. Which statement by the nurse is correct? A. "Cognitive informatics examines how humans interact with computers so better information technology systems can be built." B. "Cognitive informatics helps build complex computer systems for human use." C. "Cognitive informatics examines how the human brain is similar to a computer." D. "Cognitive informatics looks at how the human brain processes data and information that comes from a computer."

A. "Cognitive informatics examines how humans interact with computers so better information technology systems can be built."

A nurse is explaining justice in health care to a nursing student. Which statement is correct? A. "Justice refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment no matter what is owed to a person." B. "Justice is intentionally imposing risks that are unreasonable and unintentionally but carelessly imposing risks." C. "Justice refers to the individual's freedom from controlling interferences by others and from personal limitations that prevent meaningful choices." D. "Justice refers to actions performed that contribute to the welfare of others."

A. "Justice refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment no matter what is owed to a person."

A new nurse is documenting in a patient's electronic health record when a visitor approaches the nurse to ask questions. What should the nurse do to ensure confidentiality and security of the patient's electronic health record? A. Close the electronic health record immediately. B. Take the visitor to the nurse's station for assistance. C. Continue documenting the record and answer the visitor's questions. D. None of these is correct.

A. Close the electronic health record immediately.

What is the human-technology interface? A. Hardware and software that support humans interacting with technology B. Hardware designed to facilitate its software C. Educating users on the use of the system D. Software being designed to make technology work faster

A. Hardware and software that support humans interacting with technology

A nurse is documenting patient data in the electronic health record, which will assist in: A. communication with other healthcare providers. B. the communication of patient status updates with the patient's friends C. all of the above D. learning new nursing skills

A. communication with other healthcare providers.

Experts in computer science strive to understand how the mind processes: A. data and information. B. knowledge. C. sensory input. D. None of these is correct.

A. data and information.

When a nurse uses information from other sources to help rethink, revise, and apply knowledge to a clinical situation, this information is known as: A. feedback. B. knowledge processing. C. knowledge engineering. D. None of these is correct.

A. feedback.

The nurse violates a patient's confidentiality and right to privacy by: A. looking up a colleague's diagnosis and laboratory results. B. providing bedside report containing patient information to the oncoming nurse. C. discussing care-related information with the patient's respiratory therapist. D. discussing a patient's diagnosis with an authorized family member.

A. looking up a colleague's diagnosis and laboratory results.

A hardware security tool that helps protect an organization against security breaches by issuing masks to protect the identity of a corporation's employees who are accessing the Internet is a(n): A. proxy server. B. masking program. C. antivirus program. D. firewall.

A. proxy server.

A nurse is considering a social convention about right and wrong human conduct that has formed a communal social consensus, known as which of the following? A. A right B. A moral C. A bioethic D. A value

B. A moral

Paper documentation (paper record) hinders which of the following? A. Ability to use nursing terminology B. Ability to share knowledge C. Ability to apply research to patient care D. Ability to care for patients

B. Ability to share knowledge

How much is spent on health care in the United States per year? A. Less than $2 billion B. Greater than $2 trillion C. Greater than $1 billion D. Less than $1 trillion

B. Greater than $2 trillion

A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a patient with chest pain. Which of the following is a technology that the nurse would use to obtain objective data on the physical status of the patient? A. Electronic health record B. Heart monitor C. Electronic nursing journal D. Clinical practice guideline

B. Heart monitor

Which of the following terms matches this definition: "Do no harm, or an obligation not to inflict harm intentionally" A. Confidentiality B. Nonmaleficence C. ethical decision making D. Privacy

B. Nonmaleficence

Healthcare organizations typically do not encourage use of personal devices for professional matters, and in many instances they actually have policies in place forbidding employees from using personal devices in the workplace. What is an issue or are issues with "bring your own device" (BYOD)?A. Validity B. Security of PHI C. Portability D. All of these are correct.

B. Security of PHI

Videoconferencing technology: A. is very easy to use. B. allows professionals to communicate more effectively and frequently with in-home patients. C. must be used for telehealth. D. All of these are correct.

B. allows professionals to communicate more effectively and frequently with in-home patients.

Understanding of clinical practice decision making using cognitive science principles promotes the development of: A. administrative processing systems. B. clinical decision support tools. C. knowledge warehouses. D. All of these are correct.

B. clinical decision support tools.

Acceptable use policies in an organization typically restrict downloads of files by employees because: A. employees may waste work time. B. downloads increase vulnerabilities to viruses. C. downloads interfere with backup and storage of data. D. All of these are correct.

B. downloads increase vulnerabilities to viruses.

The prevalence of healthcare-associated infections demonstrates how the _______ can address healthcare quality issues. A. All of these are correct. B. electronic health record C. paper-based chart D. local database

B. electronic health record

A nurse is explaining nursing informatics to a nursing student. Which statement by the nurse is correct, according to the ANA? A. "Nursing informatics involves information science and computer technology." B. "Nursing science is based in computer engineering and sciences." C. "Nursing informatics integrates nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice." D. "Nursing informatics is a combination of computer science and mathematics."

C. "Nursing informatics integrates nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom in nursing practice."

A nurse reviews the electronic health record of a patient and identifies a drug allergy to the medication that has been prescribed. The nurse has demonstrated: A. generation of new knowledge. B. dissemination of nursing science. C. interpretation of data. D. informatics competency.

C. interpretation of data.

Organizations are able to monitor who is using the organizational network and what files that user has accessed, because any use of an electronic network: A. constitutes fair use. B. protects against spam. C. leaves a digital footprint. D. All of these are correct.

C. leaves a digital footprint.

Which of the following activities is/are used to build a foundation of knowledge in professional practice? A. Reading research and theory articles B. Attending continuing education programs C. Consulting with expert colleagues and using clinical practice guidelines D. All of these

D. All of these

A nurse's knowledge work includes interpreting or evaluating trends in: A. laboratory results. B. symptoms. C. outcomes. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

An organization's confidentiality policy should clearly define: A. which data are confidential. B. procedures for releasing confidential information. C. procedures to follow if confidential information is accidentally released without authorization. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Clinical decision support systems help users to: A. consider consequences of alternative actions. B. provide stores of information. C. make decisions in unfamiliar circumstances. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Some of the disciplines involved in cognitive science include: A. psychology and philosophy. B. neuroscience and linguistics. C. biology and physics. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Task analysis involves: A. inputs needed for the task. B. how a task must be accomplished. C. constraints on actors' choices on carrying out the task. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

A nursing professional reads a nursing journal article on a new patient care technology. This nursing professional is: A. using feedback. B. processing knowledge. C. generating knowledge. D. acquiring knowledge.

D. acquiring knowledge.

Surveys of potential or actual users of a website can be conducted to: A. encourage the evaluator to examine the fit between each two of the components: user and technology, task and technology, and user and task. B. observe the steps users are likely to take to use the interface to accomplish typical tasks. C. reveal problems with the decision rules used to tailor content to users. D. assess preferences for a number of design characteristics such as display color, menu buttons, text, photo size, icon metaphor, and layout by selecting, on a computer screen, their preferences for each item from two or three options.

D. assess preferences for a number of design characteristics such as display color, menu buttons, text, photo size, icon metaphor, and layout by selecting, on a computer screen, their preferences for each item from two or three options.