Midterm, Network and Internet Technology - Study this one!!
Standards are a very important part of the data communications landscape. Several of the most important standard-setting organizations are: (choose the appropriate answer from below) - NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) - IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - ISOC (Internet Society) - FCC (Federal Communications Commission) - ISO (International Organization for Standardization) - ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union)
*NIST* (National Institute of Standards and Technology), *IEEE* (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), *ISOC* (Internet Society), *ISO* (International Organization for Standardization), *ITU-T* (International Telecommunications Union) ISO ITU-T NIST IEEE ISOC
What approximate data rate would be required, without compression, to send a resolution of 360x250 pixels with an 8-bit grayscale color palette?
25 Mbs
The TCP/IP protocol suite that is widely used today corresponds to a model that contains how many layers?
5
A server can be defined as:
A computer that has fast CPU, large memory, and powerful operating system A computer dedicated to running one or more server programs A program that waits passively for communication
The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), an agency of the US. Department of Defense, gathered researchers and contractors together to produce a working data network, utilizing packet switching, and was known as:
ARPANET
What character set in use today is the most common format for English-language text files? A. UTF-8 (Universal Character Set Transformation Format 8) B. Unicode C. International Reference Alphabet (IRA) D. ASCII
ASCII
Traditional business applications of audio services are:
Audio conferencing Voicemail Telemarketing Interactive voice response systems
Business information can be transmitted in: A. Analog form B. Digital form C. Both
Both, analog form and digital form
A key benefit of IP network convergence is: (select all that apply) A. transformation B. effectiveness C. reduce cycle time D. cost savings
Cost savings Effectiveness Transformation
Desktop systems in the workplace are typically interconnected to: A. server room B. data center C. storage technologies D. servers E. data communication equipment F. communication closets
Data center server server rooms communication closets storage technologies data communication equipment
As data passes down through the protocol layers on the sending computer, postage is added. True/False?
False
As opposed to LANs, WANs (wide area networks) cover a smaller geographic area. True/False?
False
Business managers are concerned with whether a network has the required availability to handle traffic with acceptable reliability at an affordable cost. True/False?
False
Convergence refers to the merger of previously unified telephony and information technologies and markets. True/False?
False
Growth in capacity and a drop in cost has led to data transmission consuming a smaller chunk of the communications budget for most businesses. True/False?
False
If a peer-to-peer architecture is implemented in server code, data is distributed first come-first served among a set of N servers.
False
In terms of the networking implications of video information, real-time video traffic without compression requires minimal bandwidth to ensure an adequate user experience. True/False?
False
In the real world, a p2p system enables extremely large traffic to one computer because N can be extremely small. True/False?
False
One of the primary reasons for the success of TCP/IP standards lies in tolerance of homogeneity. True/False?
False
Protocol implementations follow the layering model by passing the input from a protocol in one layer to the output of a protocol in the next layer. True/False?
False
The dominant LAN architecture is ring. True/False?
False
The network services and facilities that users interact with are provided by each individual user. True/False?
False
The three-layer model of enterprise communications is comprised of applications, enterprise services, and supply chain. True/False?
False
How does a client identify a server on the Internet?
IP address Protocol port number
What entity created the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) seven-layer model?
ISO
Standards are a very important part of the data communications landscape. Several of the most important standard-setting organizations are:
ISO ITU-T NIST IEEE ISOC
What entity created the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) seven-layer model? - TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - ITU (International Telecommunications Union) - ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
As the Internet experienced exponential growth over the past 25 years, it changed in the following ways:
Increased in communication speeds Focus on new applications
How does a client identify a server on the Internet? *Computer*
Internet Protocol add
In 1980, the Internet was a research project that involved:
Less than 100 sites
Audio services may be provided to a business by:
Long-distance carriers, cellular networks, local telephone companies, and competitive local exchange services (CLECs)
Business rationale for adoption of cloud computing includes: A. improved business process execution B. pay-as-you-grow computing C. increased agility and flexibility D. reduced travel expenses E. reduced on-premises network expenses
Pay as you grow Reduced on premise network expenses Increased agility and flexibility
Typical components of UC architecture includes
Presence Web Conferencing Video Conferencing Unified Messaging Instant Messaging Audio Conferencing
How does a client identify a server on the Internet? *Service*
Protocol port number
The primary example of communications software that enables clients and servers to interoperate is:
TCP/IP
Which of the following statements describe a connection-oriented interaction? - Each message limited to 64 KBytes - The pair uses the connection to exchange data - A pair of applications requests a connection
The pair uses the connection to exchange data A pair of applications requests a connection
A client can access multiple services but typically contacts only one remote server at a time. True/False?
True
A common type of network is the LAN (local area network). True/False?
True
A digital system uses a sequence of discrete values to represent information. True/False?
True
A pair of protocols in adjacent layers pass a pointer to the packet rather than create a new copy. True/False?
True
A pair of protocols in adjacent layers pass a pointer to the packet rather than create a new copy. True/False?
True
A private branch exchange (PBX) is an on-premise telephone switch that interconnects telephones at that location that provides outside access to the public telephone system. True/False?
True
A server can act as a client True/False?
True
As a result of the adoption of standards, equipment from multiple vendors can be used in a single network. True/False?
True
Audio, data, image and video are basic information sources that are useful categories for the analysis and design of enterprise networks. True/False?
True
Because the Internet tolerates heterogeneity, engineers can experiment with new networking technologies without disrupting existing networks. True/False?
True
Can a computer operate multiple clients and even multiple copies of a single application? True/False?
True
Can a computer run multiple server programs? True/False?
True
Client server architecture provides specialized services such as database functions, file storage, printing, and other shared services. True/False?
True
Compared to the early years of data communications when the key focus was functionality and performance, today the key focus for businesses is management. True/False?
True
Concurrent server code is divided into two pieces, a thread and a handler. True/False?
True
Data that contains a combination of text, graphics, audio, and video is referred to as multimedia.
True
Early communications networks such as the telegraph and telephone systems use circuits to send information. True/False?
True
Fiber-optic and wireless transmission are driving the evolution of data communications. True/False?
True
In the client-server paradigm, the server software waits passively for contact, while the client software actively initiates contact. True/False?
True
Industry experts estimate that approximately 15 petabytes (15,000 gigabytes) of new electronic data are created every day, much of this the result of huge growth in video, image, audio, and social media data. True/False?
True
Lack of consistency in the networking field has produced a challenge - instead of uniform terminology, multiple groups each attempt to create their own terminology, resulting in jargon that contains terms that are abbreviated, misused, or associated with products. True/False?
True
Multiple protocols designed to work together in a complete, cooperative set are called a suite. True/False?
True
Networking technology facilitates the flow of information that is needed to coordinate business activities. True/False?
True
Packet switching is the basis for the modern Internet. True/False?
True
Protocols in a suite are furthermore collected into a unified whole known as a layering model. True/False?
True
Services are provided by application programs that run on computers attached to the internet. True/False?
True
Since the 1970s, computer communication has changed from an esoteric research topic to an essential part of everyone's lives. True/False?
True
The Internet provides a general purpose communication mechanism on which all services are built. True/False?
True
The basic building block of any network is the transmission line (or facility). True/False?
True
The design and infrastructure of future enterprise networks will be shaped by cloud computing. True/False?
True
The primary motivation for early computer networks was resource sharing due to computers being large and expensive. True/False?
True
The term for information that can be represented by a finite alphabet of symbols, such as the numbers 0 through 9 or the symbols represented on a computer keyboard, is data. True/False?
True
The term protocol refers to a specification for network communications. True/False?
True
The volume of communications traffic being transported over business networks is increasing. True/False?
True
Today, the Internet has grown into a production communication system that reaches all populated countries in the world. True/False?
True
A page of text contains about 10,000 bits of 8-bit character data. The bit image of a 640x480 pixel screen in 256 color mode requires over:
Two million bits
Examples of image-based applications used by businesses include:
Web publishing Electronic publishing Digital photographs Medical publishing
In the 1970s, the Internet was: A. a concept B. a set of standards C. proposed by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn D. a revolution in computer networking
a concept, a set of standards, proposed by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, a revolution in computer networking
What handles initiating contact with and accepting contact from a remote computer?
application programs
The number of computers, terminals, and mobile devices used around the world is in the: A. hundreds B. millions C. billions D. thousands
billions
If only 1 server provides a given service, the network connection that connects the server to the Internet can become a:
bottleneck
Recent trends in computer networks and the Internet include:
cloud computing, traditional communication systems adopting Internet technology, social networking applications, sensor networks
Servers can handle multiple clients at the same time because they are:
concurrent
Servers can handle multiple clients at the same time because they are: A. concurrent B. co-located C. fast
concurrent
Which of the following statements describe a connection-oriented interaction?
connection to exchange data pair of applications requests a connection
There are several key distinctions between LANs and WANs: A. ownership of communication equipment B. packet switching C. geographic scope D. data rates
data rates ownership of communication equipment geographic scope
Network technologies are created to meet various requirements for: A. internetworking B. economic cost C. speed D. distance
economic cost, speed, distance
When a request arrives at a server, software on the server uses the IP address to determine which application on the server computer should handle the request. True/False?
false
As the Internet experienced exponential growth over the past 25 years, it changed in the following ways: - increased demand for shared resources - focus on new applications - increase in communication speeds
focus on new applications and increase in communication speeds
As companies increasingly rely on networks, the need for security: A. increases B. decreases
increases
Protocols in a suite are furthermore collected into a unified whole known as a
layering model
Data communications is the study of using physical phenomena to transfer information across a physical communication ________.
medium
Data that contains a combination of text, graphics, audio, and video is referred to as
multimedia
A computer can operate
multiple clients and multiples copies of a single application
A computer can run
multiple server programs
The term ____ refers to a specification for network communications.
protocol
Consolidating multiple server programs on a single computer can
reduce cost without significantly reducing performance
The central feature of a client/server architecture is the allocation of application-level tasks between clients and:
servers
Multiple protocols designed to work together in a complete, cooperative set are called
suite
These forces have consistently driven the architecture and evolution of data communications and networking: A. technological advancements B. new services C. traffic growth D. voice E. database access
technological advancements, new services, traffic growth
Within a LAN, business managers make choices about: A. the combination of wired and wireless B. transmission rates C. proprietary architectures
the combination of wired and wireless, transmission rates
What on a concurrent server interacts with a single client?
thread of control
The four major types of information carried over business networks are:
voice, video, image, data
Can consolidating multiple server programs on a single computer reduce cost without significantly reducing performance? Yes/No?
yes
