MIE CH 9 Smartbook
A program that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times, as long as they are at work during a specified core period is called ______.
flextime
The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals refers to a(n) ______ reward.
intrinsic
The job design strategy that involves adding more tasks to a job is called _____.
job enlargement
An inner drive that causes humans to act, whether it is eating to reduce hunger or studying for an exam to get a good grade is referred to as ______.
motivation
Water, food, shelter, and clothing are essential for life and are considered _____ needs by Maslow.
physiological
The original intent of the Hawthorne studies was to conduct a study to correlate physical conditions in the workplace--such as the level of lighting--with worker's ______.
productivity
B.F. Skinner, a psychologist who developed behavior modification, theory found that behavior that is ______ will tend to be increased, whereas behavior that is ______ will tend to be eliminated.
rewarded; punished
When two people do what is traditionally one job, it is called job ____.
sharing
Which motivation theory suggests that money is the sole motivator for workers?
the classical theory
Herzberg's hygiene factors relate to
the work setting.
True or false: Employees are motivated by the nature of the relationships they have with their supervisors, by the nature of their jobs, and by the characteristics of the organization.
true
According to Maslow, the difference between satisfied and unsatisfied needs is that ______.
unsatisfied needs continue to motivate
Job enlargement is a job design strategy ______.
where more tasks are added to a job
According to McGregor, Theory X managers view employees as ______.
wishing to avoid responsibility
The Hawthorne studies were originally designed to study the relationship between ______.
workplace conditions and productivity
____ is an inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals.
motivation
Job involves moving workers from one task to the next to make work more interesting and motivating. (Enter one word in the blank)
rotation
According to William Ouchi, Theory Z is a management philosophy that stresses ______.
employee participation in decision-making
What theory is based on the idea that employees try to maintain fairness or balance between inputs and outputs as compared to others in similar positions?
equity
Edwin's car has been breaking down frequently and now it won't start at all. He must have a car to get to work, so he has been shopping around for a new car. He just signed the paperwork today on a new vehicle and couldn't be happier! What is the "goal" in this scenario?
Having selected a new vehicle that he now owns
Having a sense of personal satisfaction after completing a big project at work refers to what type of reward?
Intrinsic
According to Herzberg, hygiene factors at work would include which two items?
Job security Good working conditions
In his classical theory of motivation, Frederick Taylor proposed two things that he thought would improve worker productivity. What were they?
Job specialization Linking pay to output
Edwin's car has been breaking down frequently and now it won't start at all. He must have a car to get to work, so he has been shopping around for a new car. He just signed the paperwork today on a new vehicle and couldn't be happier! What is the "need" in this scenario?
Requiring a car for work and not having one that functions
What are two assumptions about people made by Theory X managers?
People prefer to avoid work. People must be forced to work.
According to Maslow, which need level refers to things essential to survival, such as water, food, and shelter?
Physiological needs
Which level of needs will a person be motivated to meet first?
Physiological needs
How would a manager subscribing to Theory Z manage his or her employees?
The management style would be participative; managers and workers share responsibilities
The definition of flextime is _______.
a program that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times, provided that they are at work during a specified core period
The idea that managers can change employee behavior by administering consequences related to the employee's actions is called ______.
behavior modification
theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform.
equity
The basis of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory is that motivation and effort is affected by ______.
expectations of achieving a desirable outcome
Ann works as a receptionist for a large company. Since the job is fairly repetitive, Ann gets bored easily. Her company recently offered Ann the opportunity to cycle through other departments in administrative jobs so she can learn new skills related to the other departments. This is an example of
job rotation
Jack has elderly parents he needs to care for and he would like to cut his hours down to half-time. Which flexible scheduling strategy might work for Jack?
job sharing
One tool managers can use to foster employee loyalty and boost productivity is
motivation
Vroom's expectancy theory states that ______.
motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it
A ____ is the difference between an actual state and a desired state.
need