Milady Ch.2 General Anatomy

How is anatomy different from physiology?

Anatomy is the study of the structures of the human body, whereas physiology is the study of the activities of those structures.

Why should cosmetologists have an understanding of anatomy and physiology?

Common cosmetology procedures can rely on an understanding of human anatomy.

Identify a function of the lymphatic system.

Defend the body against toxins and bacteria, and remove by-products of infection, such as pus and dead tissue.

How does epithelial tissue function in the body?

Epithelial tissue provides a covering that protects the body.

Which description best defines a motor nerve?

Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands.

Which of the following best describes a function of the integumentary system?

Protect the body against outside elements, such as germs, chemicals, and exposure to the sun.

What is the function of the integumentary system?

The integumentary system provides protective covering and regulates body temperature.

How are opponens muscles similar to abductor hallucis muscles?

The opponens and the abductor hallucis move the thumb and the big toe in relation to the other digits.

Distinguish between the soleus and the tibialis anterior.

The soleus bends the foot down, and the tibialis anterior bends the foot up.

How do veins function in the circulatory system?

Veins transport oxygen-poor blood and waste products.

A cosmetologist is performing a hand massage during a manicure service. Which scenario describes a correct approach?

When massaging the opponens, pressure is directed from the muscle's insertion to the origin.

The middle part of the muscle is called the ______.

belly

The basic units of all living things are _____.

cells

The division of the nervous system that controls voluntary muscle actions is the ______.

central nervous system

Identify the body system that controls the movement of blood throughout the body.

circulatory system

The part of the skeletal system that connects the sternum and the scapula is the ______.

clavicle

The main arteries that supply blood to the head, neck, and face are the _____.

common carotid arteries

Which type of tissue binds and supports other body tissue?

connective tissue

Which part of the skeletal system has the function of protecting the brain?

cranium

Select the body system that includes the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.

endocrine

Which muscles do people use when they straighten their wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line?

extensors

The levator palpebrae superioris and the levator anguli oris are muscles of the ______.

face, nose, and mouth

Which muscle causes wrinkles across the forehead?

frontalis

Choose the body system that functions to regulate the body's temperature.

integumentary system

Which body system is comprised of the skin and its accessory organs?

integumentary system

What muscle action is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and controls body functions such as breathing and digestion?

involuntary muscles

The glandlike structures in the immune system that filter bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells are called ________.

lymph nodes

Which of the body's systems functions to remove waste material from the body cells to the blood?

lymphatic system

The word integument means _____.

natural covering

Which part of a cell controls the growth and reproduction of the cell?

nucleus

The bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape is the _____.

occipital

Structures composed of specialized tissues that perform specific functions are called _____.

organs

Which of these sets of bones is found in the arms and hands?

phalanges, metacarpus, and radius

The muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward are the _____.

pronators

Each of the following is a blood vessel EXCEPT _____.

pulmonaries

A cosmetologist is performing a foot massage during a pedicure service. On which muscles will the cosmetologist be directing pressure?

the flexor digitorum brevis and the flexor digiti minimi

What are the seven bones in the ankle area collectively called?

the tarsals

A cosmetologist is designing a new eye makeup style for a client. Which bones will affect the appearance of the eye makeup that is applied?

the zygomatic bones and the lacrimal bones

Which of the following is part of the lymphatic system?

thymus gland

The bone that is the larger of two leg bones below the knee and that supports most of the body's weight is the ______.

tibia

A collection of similar cells that perform a function is called a(n) _____.

tissue

What is the function of the cervical vertebrae?

to give support and structure to the neck

The inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached at the wrist and located on the side of the little finger, is the _____.

ulna

What happens during mitosis?

A cell reproduces by dividing into two identical cells.

Which of these scenarios of a possible cosmetology task is a situation in which a cosmetologist needs knowledge of the metacarpus and the phalanges?

A cosmetologist is massaging a client's hands during a manicure service.

Which scenario is an example of a situation in which a cosmetologist should understand the endocrine system?

A pregnant woman shows signs of a skin condition that is related to increased levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Which statement best describes the relationship between organs and body systems?

An organ is a group of tissues that performs a specific function, whereas a body system is a group of organs that works together to perform functions.