MindTap Cellular Respiration Review
The most important outputs of the Krebs cycle for cellular respiration are ________ .
10 reduced coenzymes
After Krebs reactions run through cycle(s), one glucose molecule has been completely broken down to .
2
The Krebs cycle occurs ________ in order to fully break down glucose.
2 times
How many net ATP are generated in aerobic respiration?
32
During aerobic respiration, about ________ of cellular energy is lost as heat.
60%
ATP production generates free radicals, which the mitochondria detoxify.
F
Aerobic respiration always begins with glycolysis, regardless of the starting molecule.
F
All food must be broken down to glucose before ATP can be produced.
F
As many as 18 ATP may be generated by aerobic respiration.
F
Coenzymes are destroyed during electron transfer phosphorylation.
F
Energy flows from photosynthesis to anaerobic respiration in a one-way direction.
F
Glycolysis yields a net of four ATP.
F
Most eukaryotes break down carbohydrates via anaerobic respiration.
F
Only microbes undergo lactate fermentation
F
The second stage of aerobic respiration includes glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
F
True or false? Unlike animals, which make many ATP by aerobic respiration, plants make all of their ATP by photosynthesis.
F
Which molecule does not form during glycolysis?
FADH2
Fermentation pathways make no more ATP beyond the small yield from glycolysis. The remaining reactions serve to regenerate .
NAD+
needed for glycolysis
NAD+
reduced coenzyme
NADH
During the third stage of aerobic respiration, electrons and hydrogen ions released by the reactions of the first two stages are picked up by ____.
O2 and ATP
In the breakdown of glucose, a phosphorylated six-carbon compound is split into two three-carbon compounds, which are named ____.
PGAL
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration both begin with glycolysis.
T
Fermentation begins with glycolysis.
T
Glycolysis produces ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation.
T
The Kreb's Cycle is the second stage in aerobic respiration.
T
The carbon atoms from glucose leave the cell completely after the second stage of aerobic respiration.
T
The inner mitochondrial membrane is important for efficient ATP production.
T
The largest output of ATP in aerobic respiration results from the careful release of energy from electrons.
T
The main difference between fermentation pathways is their end products.
T
The true energy payoff for aerobic respiration occurs during electron transfer phosphorylation.
T
The driving force behind ATP formation during the third stage of aerobic respiration is (are) ________ .
a H+ gradient
accepts electrons in alcoholic fermentation.
acetaldehyde
In the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol, what is produced?
acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide
Which of the following metabolic pathways require(s) molecular oxygen ?
aerobic respiration
Life on early Earth existed in conditions.
anaerobic
no oxygen required
anaerobic
The ability to survive in aerobic conditions requires
antioxidants
________ detoxify free radicals.
antioxidants
Production of ATP from proteins never begins ________ .
at glycolysis
Aerobic respiration produces ________ and ________ .
carbon dioxide; water
Glycolysis occurs in the ________ of cells.
cytoplasm
Glycolysis starts and ends in the
cytoplasm
H+ flow via ATP synthases
electron transfer phosphorylation
Which of the following reaction pathways is not part of the second stage of aerobic respiration?
electron transfer phosphorylation and glycolisis
Aerobic respiration ____.
evolved and enabled living organisms to utilize energy stored in glucose most efficiently
Your body cells can break down as a source of energy to fuel ATP production.
fatty acids, amino acids, glycerol
NAD+ regenerated, little ATP
fermentation
White muscle fibers undergo lactate fermentation because they contain ________ .
few mitochondria
Glycolysis depends upon a continuous supply of NAD+ and ____.
glucose
Which of the following has the greatest total energy?
glucose
glucose to two pyruvate
glycolysis
Most of the energy that is released by the full breakdown of glucose to and water ends up in .
heat
Which of the following is produced by an animal muscle cell operating under anaerobic conditions?
heat, pyruvate, ATP, lactate
ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2 form
krebs cycle
inner space
mitochondrial matrix
Free radicals first damage the
mitochondrion
In eukaryotes, aerobic respiration is completed in the .
mitochondrion
makes many ATP
mitochondrion
Mitochondrial illnesses especially affect ________ cells.
nerve
What type of cells is especially impacted by defects in the mitochondria?
nerve cells
Fermentation results in the production of ________ extra ATP in addition to that produced by glycolysis.
no
Substrate-level phosphorylation ____.
occurs during glycolysis
Aerobic respiration ________ organic compounds to form ATP.
oxidizes
For animals, the final hydrogen acceptor in cellular respiration is ____.
oxygen
In the third stage of aerobic respiration, is the final acceptor of electrons.
oxygen
Lactate fermentation transfers the electrons and hydrogen ions carried by NADH directly to ____.
pyruvate
The ________ produced by glycolysis is used in the next stage of respiration.
pyruvate
product of glycolysis
pyruvate
Compared to aerobic respiration, fermentation produces ________ ATP molecules.
significantly fewer
If fermentation pathways follow glycolysis, ____.
the two NADH molecules produced during glycolysis will (depending on the organism) be used to reduce pyruvate to either lactate or ethanol and CO2
In addition to ATP, the final stage of aerobic respiration also produces ________ .
water
