Minority Studies CH02: Assimilation and Pluralism: Introduction

Which of these is an example of the certainties that Peggy McIntosh (1989) could experience in her everyday life because of her skin color?

"If a traffic cop pulls me over, I can be sure I have not been singled out because of my race."

The title of Peggy McIntosh's 1989 essay on white privilege is ______.

"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack"

Migration into Ireland was the highest in ______.

2007

The triple melting pot is a pattern of structural assimilation within which three religious denominations?

Catholics, Jews, Protestants

Which of these pathways of upward mobility became attractive during the Prohibition?

Crime

Immigrants from Ireland and Southern and Eastern Europe were typically employed in high-skill jobs were literacy was important.

False

Sociologists whose views align with the traditional perspective on assimilation believe that assimilation is fragmented.

False

Structural pluralism exists when groups have not acculturated and maintain their unique identities.

False

The quota system created by the passage of the National Origins Act of 1924 was considered fair and equal to all immigrants.

False

There was little variation in the degree of resistance, prejudice, and discrimination encountered by the different European immigrant groups.

False

Today, the descendants of the European immigrants are still struggling to assimilate to American culture and have not reached the national norms for equality.

False

The single largest ancestry group in America is the Italian Americans.

False German Americans are considered to be the single largest ancestry group in the United States. Although they originally settled in the Midwest, they are now found across the United States.

The integration of some contemporary immigrant groups into the middle-class mainstream, while others remain impoverished, alienated, and marginalized segments of racial and ethnic groups, is an example of Americanization

False Segmented assimilation refers to assimilation that is fragmented and having groups either integrate or remain as marginalized parts of racial and ethnic groups is an example of this type of assimilation.

Situational ethnicity refers to the aspect of self-identity that symbolizes one's roots in the old country but is otherwise relatively insignificant.

False Symbolic ethnicity, not situational ethnicity, symbolizes one's roots in the old country but is otherwise insignificant.

The traditional perspective and segmented assimilation hypothesis both explain how the United States is growing more tolerant of diversity.

False They are different perspectives that argue different things. The belief that the United States is growing more tolerant aligns best with the traditional perspective, while the belief that it does not aligns best with the segmented assimilation hypothesis.

The Northern and Western European immigrants to the United States experienced a higher degree of ethnocentric rejection and racist disparagement than immigrant groups from Southern and Eastern Europe.

False The Northern and Western European groups which included the Danes, Swedes, and Germans, among others, experienced a lower degree of ethnocentric rejection and racist disparagement than immigrant groups from Southern and Eastern Europe, such as the Irish.

Which of these does the primary sector in a social structure include?

Friends The primary sector of a social structure includes families and groups of friends, which are small, intimate, and personal relationships.

The Holocaust is an example of which type of group relationship?

Genocide

Who was identified as the single largest ancestry group in America?

German Americans

According to sociologist Robert Park, in which type of society are people more likely to be judged based on their abilities and talents rather than their ethnicity or race?

Industrial

Which of these was identified as one of the forces that stimulated the mass movement of people from Europe to America?

Industrial Revolution

If a minority group were to seek to become the dominant group or to create a new social order, sometimes in alliance with other groups, then they are pursuing or promoting _____.

Revolution

Which of these statements pertaining to the Northern and Western European immigrants is true?

They experienced a lower degree of ethnocentric reaction and racist disparagement.

Which of these best describes how assimilation proceeded for the first generation of European immigrants?

They settled into ethnic neighborhoods, such as Little Italy in New York City and made limited movement toward acculturation and integration.

If you were studying third generation immigrants, what characteristics of their experience should you highlight to highlight the uniqueness of their experiences?

They were born and raised in nonethnic settings where English was their first and only language and their beliefs and value were thoroughly American.

What did immigrants from Ireland and Eastern Europe have in common during their period of mass immigration to the United States?

They were peasants or unskilled laborers.

Continued subjugation occurs when a dominant group exploits a minority group and tries to keep them powerless.

True

Ethnic succession refers to the ways European ethnic groups unintentionally affected one another's positions in the societies class structure.

True

Groups that speak with the same accent and eat the same food but have maintained separate organization systems, are structurally pluralistic.

True

Immigrants wo had little intention of becoming Americanized and who intended to return to their old country were referred to as sojourners.

True

Structural mobility was the key to the successful integration of all ethnic groups.

True

The concept of ethnic revival describes the increase in the visibility of and interest in white ethnic heritage.

True

The general term for programs and ideas that stress mutual respect for all groups and heritages that have shaped the United States is multiculturalism.

True

The industrial revolution is one of the underlying causes of immigration from Europe.

True

The view that the United States is becoming more tolerant of diversity and more open and equal favors the traditionalist perspective.

True

If a minority group and its members are in the acculturation stage of assimilation, it is likely that they are ______.

altering the spelling of family names

According to some scholars, most whites reject the concept of white privilege because they feel ______.

ashamed or guilty

What type of group relationship should you use to best illustrate systematic slavery and Jim Crow segregation?

continued subjugation

Which type of pluralism exists when groups have not acculturated and maintain their unique identities?

cultural pluralism Cultural pluralism exists when groups have not acculturated and maintain their own identities. The Native Americans and the Amish are considered to be culturally pluralistic groups because they are committed to preserving their cultural traditions.

According to sociologist Robert Park, assimilation is inevitable in industrial societies that have a ______ political system.

democratic

Which of these concepts best describes the increase in the visibility of and interest in white ethnic heritage?

ethnic revival

What industry was identified as the economic "lifeblood" of the Jewish community upon their immigration to the United States?

garment

Which of these was identified Milton Gordon's third stage of assimilation?

intermarriage

Which of these statements best describes the changes that occurred in migration into and out of Ireland in recent years?

migration into Ireland has increased, while migration out of Ireland has decreased

According to the figure, which of the following statements is true regarding migration into and out of Ireland between 1987 and 2020?

overall, the migration into and out of Ireland has fluctuated between 1987 and 2020

Which of these was identified a general term for programs and ideas that stress mutual respect for all groups and heritages that have shaped the United States.

pluriculturalism

When a minority group seeks to sever political, cultural, and/or geographic ties with a society, it is referred to as _____.

separatism

If an individual were to criticize the work of sociologist Robert Park, they would likely argue that Robert Park did not ______.

specify how long it would take to completely assimilate

Assimilation where the dominant culture pressures groups to conform to Anglo-American culture and society is referred to as Americanization.

true