Miranda V. Arizona 35 cards
Decision
" On appeal, the Supreme Court of Arizona held that Miranda's constitutional rights were not violated in obtaining the confession." 2
Story of Case
"A week later, the woman and her brother-in-law spotted a 1953 Packard that she believed to be car driven by the rapist. They reported that the vehicle's license plate number was DFL-312." 6
Decision
"At trial, the oral and written confessions were presented to the jury. Miranda was found guilty of kidnapping and rape and was sentenced to 20-30 years imprisonment on each count." 2
Long Term Effects
"Attempts have been made over the years to chip away at the rights established by Miranda v. Arizona, but to date those efforts have not succeeded in any substantial way." 6
Long Term Effects
"Conservatives hated the decision, fearing that large numbers of criminals would be cut loose on technicalities after the failure of police to properly "Mirandize" them, as the procedure came to be known." 6
Story of Case
"Ernesto Miranda received a new trial after his conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court, but he was convicted a second time on the strength of new evidence and sentenced to twenty to thirty years in jail. He was released on parole in 1972." 6
Story of Case
"Four years later, Miranda was stabbed to death in a bar fight. However, his name lives on in the words associated with it, invoked nearly every time somebody in America is arrested." 6
Story of Case
"Her attacker then drove her back into the city and dropped her off not far from her home. When she reported the attack to police, the woman's account of the event was somewhat jumbled and contradictory." 6
Short Term Effects
"In Vignera v. New York, the petitioner was questioned by police, made oral admissions, and signed an inculpatory statement all without being notified of his right to counsel." 1
Short Term Effects
"In all these cases, suspects were questioned by police officers, detectives, or prosecuting attorneys in rooms that cut them off from the outside world. In none of the cases were suspects given warnings of their rights at the outset of their interrogation." 1
Long Term Effects
"In practice, the Miranda case actually appears to have had a dramatic positive impact on police behavior, as incidences of abusive interrogation practices have decreased. While coercion continues to take place, Miranda led to greater standardization and professionalization of police practices, and an increased awareness on the part of police of the rights of the accused." 6
Short Term Effects
"Lastly, in California v. Stewart, local police held and interrogated the defendant for five days without notification of his right to counsel." 1
Story of Case
"Miranda had a substantial criminal history, and had served a year in jail for attempted rape. Police placed Miranda in a lineup with three other Mexicans of similar physical type—though none of them wore glasses. 6
Story of Case
"Miranda signed a written confession two hours later. There was no evidence that he had been coerced or abused in any significant way." 6
Historical Background
"Miranda v. Arizona was one of a series of landmark Supreme Court cases of the mid-1960's establishing new guarantees of procedural fairness for defendants in criminal cases. The Court's decision in Miranda sprang from two different lines of precedents under the Fourteenth Amendment." 2
Story of Case
"Miranda was arrested at his home and taken in custody to a police station where he was identified by the complaining witness. He was then interrogated by two police officers for two hours, which resulted in a signed, written confession." 2
Decision
"On June 13, 1966, the Supreme Court voted 5 to 4 in Miranda's favor. Writing for the majority, Chief Justice Earl Warren (1891-1974) established clear-cut guidelines for police behavior during an interrogation." 6
Story of Case
"On March 3, 1963, an eighteen-year-old Phoenix, Arizona, woman was grabbed on the way home from her movie theater job, forced into a car, driven into the desert, and raped." 6
Historical Background
"One of the core concerns of the Fifth Amendment's guarantee against self-incrimination is the use of coerced confessions. In Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court codified this concern by prescribing rules for police interrogation." 2
Story of Case
"She described the assailant as a Mexican in his late twenties with glasses, driving either a Ford or Chevrolet from the early 1950s." 6
Short Term Effects
"Similarly, in Westover v. United States, the petitioner was arrested by the FBI, interrogated, and made to sign statements without being notified of his right to counsel." 1
Historical Background
"Specifically, any person who is in custody must be warned, before questioning begins, that: "he has the right to remain silent," "anything he says can be used against him in a court of law," "he has the right to an attorney," and he may consult with his attorney at any time. Only if the individual "knowingly and intelligently" waives these rights—a waiver that may be with drawn at any stage of questioning—may his statements be used against him." 2
Story of Case
"That license turned out to be registered to a late model Oldsmobile, but a similar number, DFL-317 belonged to a Packard registered to a woman, Twila N. Hoffman, whose boyfriend, Ernesto Miranda, fit the woman's the description of her attacker." 6
Immediate Impact
"The Court held that prosecutors could not use statements stemming from custodial interrogation of defendants unless they demonstrated the use of procedural safeguards "effective to secure the privilege against self-incrimination." 5
Immediate Impact
"The Court noted that "the modern practice of in-custody interrogation is psychologically rather than physically oriented" and that "the blood of the accused is not the only hallmark of an unconstitutional inquisition." 5
Immediate Impact
"The Court specifically outlined the necessary aspects of police warnings to suspects, including warnings of the right to remain silent and the right to have counsel present during interrogations." 5
Short Term Effects
"The Court was called upon to consider the constitutionality of a number of instances, ruled on jointly, in which defendants were questioned "while in custody or otherwise deprived of [their] freedom in any significant way." 1
Short Term Effects
"The Miranda case, along with three other cases involving similar issues, was argued before the Supreme Court between February 28 and March 2, 1966. In each of the four cases that made up the Miranda review, the suspect had not been notified of his rights, leading to a confession that resulted in a conviction." 6
Long Term Effects
"The Miranda ruling instantly changed the way suspects were treated in the United States. With the implementation of the "Miranda rules," police officers all over the country began carrying "Miranda cards," from which they would read verbatim the rights of detainees before questioning them." 6
Long Term Effects
"The fears of those who have opposed the Miranda decision do not seem to have been borne out. The change did not appear to have an impact on the willingness of those arrested to give statements to police, and while individual cases have been thrown out when confessions have been found to be inadmissible because of failure to Mirandize, the law has generally not hindered prosecutors." 6
Story of Case
"The victim indicated that of the men in the lineup, Miranda looked the most like her attacker, but she was unable to provide a positive identification." 6
Decision
"To arguments that the new Miranda rules would hamper law enforcement efforts, Warren answered that similar rules were already in place at the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and that they did not seem to interfere with that agency's ability to fight crime." 6
Story of Case
"Two detectives, Carroll Cooley and Wilfred Young, took Miranda into another room and began interrogating him. As is common during questioning, the detectives misled their suspect, telling him he had been positively identified, and they asked him to make a statement." 6
Decision
"Warren and the other justices in the majority—Hugo Black (1886-1971), William Brennan (1906-1997), William O. Douglas (1898-1980), and Abe Fortas (1910-1982)—believed that the inherently intimidating atmosphere of a police interrogation must be counterbalanced by strong safeguards that the suspect's rights were upheld." 6
Short Term Effects
Along with the Miranda V Arizona case, there were three other cases that factored with the decision. They were Vignera v. New York, Westover v. United States, and California v. Stewart. 1