MIS Chapter 7

Higher Education

Most universities have Web sites with information about departments, programs, faculty, and academic resources.

NSFNET

National Science Foundation Network. Considered the first Internet backbone. (1987)

Health Care

With patient records stored on the Internet, healthcare workers can order lab tests and prescriptions, admit patients to hospitals, and refer patients to other physicians more easily

Extranet

a *secure network that uses the Internet and Web technologies to connect intranets of business partners* so communication between organizations or between consumers is possible

Internet2 (I2)

a collaborative effort involving more than 200 U.S. universities and corporations (including AT&T, IBM, Microsoft, and Cisco Systems) to develop advanced Internet technologies and applications for higher education and academic research

XML

a subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), is a flexible method for creating common formats for information

Search engines

allow you to look up information on the Internet by entering keywords related to your topic of interest

Extranet - *interorganizational system (IOS)*

- Electronic funds transfer (EFT) and e-mail - Electronic data interchange (EDI)

Applications of an Intranet

- Human resources management - Sales and marketing - Production and operations - Accounting and finance

Digital Subscriber Line

-Symmetric DSL (SDSL) -Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) -Very High-Speed DSL (VDSL)

Applications of an Intranet - *Human resources management*

401K plans, upcoming events, the company's mission statement and policies, job postings, medical benefits, orientation materials, online training sessions and materials, meeting minutes, vacation time

Applications of I2 include - *Teleimmersion*

A teleimmersion system allows people in different locations to share a virtual environment created on the Web.

Financial Institutions

Almost all U.S. and Canadian banks and credit unions, and many others worldwide, offer online banking services and use e-mail to communicate with customers and send account statements and financial reports.

Applications of an Intranet - *Accounting and finance*

Budget planning, expense reports

Applications of an Intranet - *Sales and marketing*

Call tracking, information on competitors, customer information, order tracking and placement, product information

Hypermedia

Collection of organized information (documents) that includes embedded references to audio, text, image,videos or other documents.

Server (or web server)

Computer that stores hypermedia documents and make them available to other computers on the internet.

Top-level domain (TLD)

Domain name sufix

Applications of an Intranet - *Production and operations*

Equipment inventory, facilities management, industry news, product catalog, project information

Extranet example

FedEx Tracking packages. The company uses its extranet to collect information and make it available to customers over the Internet

Internet backbone

Foundation network linked with fiber-optics cables that can support very high bandwidth. Made up of many interconnected government, academic, commercial, and other high-capacity data routers.

Client

Home computer or a node (in an organization's LAN) requesting documents from servers

Extranet *offers an organization - Expedited communication*

Improves communication by linking intranets for access to critical information

Extranet *offers an organization - Coordination*

Improves coordination between business partners, such as suppliers, distributors, and customers.

Internet

Is a worldwide collection of million of computers and networks of all sizes. This term is derived from the term Internetworking, which means connecting networks.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Is the language used to create Web pages.

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

Project from where the Internet was created in 1969 by the US Department of Defense, to connect four nodes; University of California at Los Angeles, University of California at Santa Barbara, Stanford Research Institute at Stanford University in California, and University of Utah at Salt Lake City.

Extranet *offers an organization - Feedback*

Provides instant feedback from customers and other business partners to an organization, and gives consumers an opportunity to express opinions on new products or services before they are introduced to the market.

Extranet *offers an organization - Cost reduction*

Reduces inventory costs by providing information to participants in a supply network program

The Internet vs. Intranets

The Internet is a public network; an intranet is a private network. Any user can access the Internet, but access to an intranet is only for certain users and must be approved.

Difference between *HTML and XML*

The first one contains some layout and appearance features, these "presentational attributes" are deprecated by the W3C, which suggests that HTML only be used for creating structured documents through markup

Applications of I2 include - *Virtual laboratories*

These are environments designed specifically for scientific and engineering applications, and they allow a group of researchers connected to I2 to work on joint projects, such as large-scale simulations and global databases.

Organizations often use T1 or T3 lines

These are provided by the telephone company and are capable of transporting the equivalent of 24 conventional telephone lines using only two pairs of copper wires.

Applications of I2 include - *Digital Library*

This initiative, started in the 1990s, aimed to create an electronic repository of educational resources, such as textbooks and journals.

Applications of I2 include - *Learningware*

This suite of applications is intended to make education more accessible, targeting distance learning and self-education

The Domain Name System

Unique identifiers of computer or network addresses on the internet. When information is transferred from one network to another, this is converted to IP addresses

Navigational tools

Used to travel from website to website - as in surf the Internet

Podcast

an electronic audio file, such as an MP3 file, that is posted on the Web for users to download to their mobile devices or even their computers. A podcast has a specific *URL and is defined with an XML item tag.*

RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds

are a fast, easy way to distribute Web content in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format

Directories

are indexes of information, based on keywords embedded in documents, that allow search engines to find what you are looking for.

Discussion groups

are usually for exchanging opinions and ideas on a specific topic, usually of a technical or scholarly nature

Intranets *benefits schedule*

can help organizations move from a calendar or schedule-based document-publishing strategy

Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

enables users in chat rooms to exchange text messages with people in other locations in real time

Digital Subscriber Line - *Very High-Speed DSL (VDSL)*

has a downstream/upstream transmission rate of *up to 100 Mbps* over short distances—for example, the ITU G.993.2 standard.

Digital Subscriber Line - *Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)*

has a lower transmission rate upstream *(3.5 Mbps) than downstream (typically 24 Mbps)*—for example, the ITU G.992.5 Annex M standard.

Digital Subscriber Line - *Symmetric DSL(SDSL)*

has the same data transmission rate to and from the phone network (called upstream and downstream), usually *up to 1.5 Mbps* (million bits per second) in both directions.

Tourism and Travel

industry has benefited from e-commerce Web applications.

Blog (short for Weblog)

is a journal or newsletter that is updated frequently and intended for the general public.

intranet

is a network within an organization that uses Internet protocols and technologies (e.g., TCP/IP, which includes File Transfer Protocol [FTP], SMTP, and others) for collecting, storing, and disseminating useful information that supports business activities, such as sales, customer service, human resources, and marketing. Intranets are also called corporate portals

Hypertext

links that users can click to follow a particular thread (topic).

Real Estate

provide millions of up-to-date listings of homes for sale.

Web 3.0 (Semantic Web)

provides personalization that allows users to access the Web more intelligently

Intranets *benefits cost*

reduce the costs and time of document production

Internet of Everything (IoE)

refers to a Web-based development in which people, processes, data, and things are interconnected via the Internet using various means, such as RFID devices, barcodes, wireless systems (using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi), and QR codes. *It is a network of networks in which billions of connections create unparalleled opportunities and challenges*

Social networking

refers to a broad class of Web sites and services that allow users to connect with friends, family, and colleagues online as well as meet people with similar interests or hobbies. (E.g Facebook)

Internet of Me (IoM)

refers to a subset and personalized Internet that gathers and processes personalized information for a given user from the entire Internet, including the IoT devices.

Internet of Things (IoT)

refers to the physical objects that are connected to the Internet and, therefore, to all the other physical objects. As an example, consider a smart refrigerator

Web 2.0

refers to the trend toward Web applications that are more interactive than traditional Web applications. *Collaboration or e-collaboration is one of the key components* of it

Instant messaging (IM)

service for communicating with others via a private "chat room" on the Internet.

Employment

services are widely available on the Internet. You might be familiar with Monster.com, for example.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

the protocol used for internet telephony. *drawback is the call quality, which is not as good as with regular phone lines.*

Wiki

type of Web site that allows users to add, delete, and sometimes modify content

Newsgroups

typically more general in nature and can cover any topic; they allow people to get together for fun or for business purposes

Internet telephony

using the internet rather than the telephone network to exchange spoken conversations