MIS- Chapter 7
enables messages to be exchanged from computer to computer, with capabilities fro routing messages to multiple recipients, forwarding messages, and attaching text documents or multimedia files to messages
Semantic Search
goal is to build a search engine that could really understand human language and behavior
Modem
modulator-demodulator
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
network that spans a metropolitan area, usually a city and its major suburbs. Its geographic scope falls between a WAN and a LAN
T1 Lines
offer guaranteed delivery at 1.54 Mbps
Predictive Search
part of a search algorithm that predicts what a user query is looking for as it is entered, based on popular searches
Cable Internet Connections
provided by cable television vendors use digital cable coaxial lines to deliver high-speed internet access to homes and businesses
RSS (Really Simple Syndication)
pulls specified content from websites and feeds it automatically to users' computers
Visual Web
refers to web linking visual sites such as Pinterest where pictures replace text documents and where users search on pictures and visual characteristics
Analog Signal
represented by a continuous waveform that passes through a communications medium and has been used for voice communication
Internet Layer
responsible for addressing, routing, and packaging data packets
Network Interface Layer
responsible for placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium
Transport Layer
responsible for providing the application layer with communication and packet services
Network Operations System (NOS)
routes and manages communications on the network and coordinates network resources
Web 2.0
second-generation, interactive Internet-based services that enable people to collaborate, share information, and create new services online, including mashups, blogs, RSS, and wikis
Hubs
simple devices that connect network components, sending a packet of data to all other connected devices
Wide Area Network (WAN)
span broad geographical distances- entire regions, states, continents, or the entire globe
Smartphones
such as iPhone, Android phones, and BlackBerry combine the functionality of a cell phone with that of mobile laptop computer with Wifi capability
Chat
systems now support voice and video chat as well as written conversations
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
systems provide a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
technologies operate over existing telephone lines to carry voice, data, and video at transmission rates ranging from 385 Kbps all the way up to 40 Mbps, depending on usage patterns and distance
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
the directory path and document name are two more pieces of information within the web address that help the browser track down the requested page
IPv6
the old addressing system is being replaced by a new version of the IP addressing schema
Blog
the popular term for weblog, is a personal website that typically contains a series of chronological entries (newest to oldest) by its authors and links to related web pages
Bandwidth
the range of frequencies that can be accommodated on a particular telecommunications channel
Blogosphere
the totality of blog related websites
Peer to Peer
treats all processors equally and is used primarily in small networks with 10 or fewer users
Instant Messaging
type of chat service that enables participants to create their own private chat channels
4G Networks
ultra high-speed wireless networks that are entirely packet switched, with speeds between 1 Mbps and 1 Gbps
Shopping Bot
use intelligent agent software fir searching the Internet for shopping information
Microblogging
used in Twitter, is a type of blogging that features short post of 140 characters or fewer
Internet Protocol
which currently is a 32 bit number represented by four strings of numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by periods
Wifi
wireless internet
3G Networks
with transmission speeds ranging from 144Kbps for mobile user in, say, a car, to more 2 Mbps for stationary users, offer fair transmission speeds for email, browsing the web, and online shopping but are too slow for videos
Voice Over IP (VoIP)
delivers voice information in digital form using packet switching, avoiding the tolls charged by local and long-distance telephone networks
Application Layer
enables client application programs to access the other layers and defines the protocols that applications use to exchange data
Search Engine Marketing
Search engines have become major advertising platforms and shopping tools
Website
a collection of related web pages, linked to a homepage
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
a commercial organization with a permanent connection to the internet that sells temporary connections to subscribers.
Router
a communications processor used to route packets of data through different networks, ensuring that the data sent gets to the correct address
Packet Switching
a method of slicing digital messages into packets, sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destination
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
a new networking approach in which many of these control functions are managed by one central program, which can run on inexpensive commodity servers that are separate from the network devices themselves
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
a secure, encrypted, private network that has been configured within a public network to take advantage of the economies of scale and management facilities of large networks, such as the Internet
Protocol
a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices
Social Search
an effort to provide fewer, more relevant, and trustworthy search results based on a person's network of social contacts
Hotspots
are locations with one or more access points providing wireless Internet access and are often in public places
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
are networks of interconnected, battery-powered, wireless sensors that are placed into the physical environment
Web 3.0
are tools for individuals to make sense out of the 600 billion pages on the Internet, or the millions of apps available for smartphones and a visual
Search Engines
attempt to solve the problem of finding useful information on the web nearly instantly and, arguably, they are the killer app of the Internet era
Wikis
collaborative Web sites where visitors can add, delete, or modify content on the site
Domain Name Systems (DNS)
convert domain names IP addresses
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
corporate networks are increasingly using a single, common, worldwide standard
Switch
has more intelligence than a hub and can filter and forward data to a specified destination on the network
Unified Communications
integrates disparate channels for voice communications, data communications, instant messaging, email, and electronic conferencing into a single experience where users can seamlessly switch back and fourth between different communication modes
Digital Signal
is a discrete, binary waveform rather than a continuous waveform
Bluetooth
is a popular name for the 802.15 wireless networking standard
Internet2
is an advanced networking consortium representing more than 500 U.S. Universities, private businesses, and government agencies working with 66,000 institutions across the U.S. and international networking partners from more than 100 countries
Internet of Things
is based on billions of internet connected sensors throughout our physical world
Local Area Network (LAN)
is designed to connect personal computers and other digital devices within a half mile or 500 meter radius
Domain Name
is the English like name that corresponds to the unique 32 bit numeric IP address for each computer connected to the Internet
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
is the communications standard that transfers pages on the web
Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
is the process of improving the quality and volume of web traffic to a website by employing a series of techniques that help a website achieve a higher ranking with the major search engines when certain keywords and phrases are put into the search field