MIS E1

Strategic Information Systems (SIS)

systems that help an organization gain a competitive advantage by supporting its strategic goals and/or increasing performance and productivity

What is a business process?

•A network of activities, resources, facilities, and information that interact to achieve some business function. A defined sequence of steps and decisions, initiated in response to a business event, that achieves a specific, "countable"result for the process' customer and other stakeholders

Business Analytics (BA)

uses data and statistical methods to gain insight into the data and provide decision makers with information they can act on

Management activities

Plan, organize, coordinate, decide, control

How do Information systems affect supply chain performance?

Positive impact on supply chain performance: -reduce cost of buying & selling -sourcing, buying settling, faster & easier Expanded supply chain speed -dollar value of good exchanged in given period Enabled suppliers & customers to reduce inventory size & costs Improve delivery scheduling -enables JIT inventory

Which of the following is a field that uniquely defines a person, place or thing? Composite Key Primary Key Foreign Key Secondary Key

Primary Key

Principles of Competitive Advantage

Product Implementations: 1. Create a new product or service 2. Enhance products or services 3. Differentiate products or services Process Implementations: 4. Lock in customers and buyers 5. Lock in suppliers 6. Raise barriers to market entry 7. Establish alliances 8. Reduce costs

Management criteria of information systems....

Relevance of information Timeliness Accuracy Verifiability Economical Flexible Reliable Complete Simple

Integrated Enterprise System

yuhh

Automated

hardware & program does work Ex: IS that computes quantity of items to order

Semi-structured decisions

human makes final decisions

Augmented systems

humans do bulk of the work Systems support work done by people EX: ISs that use e-mail to assist decisions

Unstructured decisions (Nonprogrammed decisions)

humans have to do this, non routine, judgment, evaluation, & insights

Unmanned store

no one can get in unless you have ID, items in locked bins, RFID Information Systems: alexa, phones, listening to you, laptop connect to printer

Components of IT

products, methods, inventions, hardware, software, data drives development of IS

What are the Careers in IT/IS?

programmer, systems analyst, consultant, web master, programmer analyst, business analyst, process analyst

Strong passwords contain

special characters, 1 lower case, 1 upper case: etc.

These systems are designed to change the goals, products, services or environmental relationships of organizations to gain a competitive advantage.

strategic information systems

Which of the following Entity Relationship Diagrams represents "A student can have many Advisors"?

student box with many line sticking out of it connecting to advisor box

TPS (Transaction Processing System)

supports the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization's basic business transactions, each of which generates data Transactioning, handles & processes daily exchange transactions Operational level

Why do companies do business in the cloud?

-Lower costs -Elasticity --System's ability to adapt to workload changes by provisioning or de-provisioning system resources automatically --Apps can be used remotely -Access -Virtualization technology -Internet based standards enable flexibility, standardized processing capability

What five forces determine industry structure?

1. Bargaining power of customers 2. Threat of substitutions 3. Bargaining power of suppliers 4. Threat of new entrants -AI technology where companies can use it to streamline their processes & cut costs/employees since the AI can easily search information 5. Rivalry

5 components of an information system

1. Hardware 2. Software 3. Data 4. Procedures 5. People

Porter's four competitive strategies

1. broad cost-leadership-cross industry (most efficient) 2. narrow cost leadership-focused on particular industry segment (most efficient) 3. broad differentiation-across industry (most effective) 4. narrow-differentiation-focused on particular industry segment (most effective) better product within industry segment

Challenges of Enterprise Systems

1. complex 2. costly 3. organizations need to re-evaluate business processes 4. changes the way company operates 5. requires large IT investments (summary) difficult to build, technology, centralized organizational coordination and decision making

Benefits of Enterprise Systems

1. one org structure 2. firm-wide mgmt processes 3. unified IT platform 4. business capability

Extranet

A private electronic network that links a company with its suppliers and customers Open up to strategic partners, board members for uni, letting outside people into the organization exclusively

What is competitive strategy?

A strategy focused on how an organization will compete within its industry

pen computing

A technology that activates a touch screen with a special stylus that comes with the device. (tablets, Ipads, phones, etc.)

Characteristics of Information

Accurate -price tag for goods Timely -Quarterly reports Relevant -Fitting to the context Worth its cost

DSS (decision support system)

An information system designed to support the making of a decision or a set of related decisions by an individual.

The type of information system where the hardware and program components do most of the work is known as?

Automated Information System

Primary Purposes Of Collaboration

Become Informed Make Decisions Solve Problems Manage Projects

Information systems literacy

Broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers. (when and when not to use information application concepts, managing that environment)

What is the role of information in Business processes?

Business Processes generate information Information systems support Business processes

Customer relationship management systems (CRM)

Business and technology discipline to coordinate all of the business processes for dealing with customers Integrates all of the primary business activities Makes the organization customer-centric All customer data stored in single database

Developing a new product, fulfilling an order, and hiring a new employee are examples of

Business processes

How is competitive strategy implemented?

By creating value: Value- amount of money a customer is willing to pay for a resource, product, or service Margin- difference between value an activity generates and cost of activity Value chain- a network of value-creating primary and support activities Information Systems must support Strategy

Supply Chain Management systems (SCM)

Collection of all the activities and information flows involved in buying, making, and moving a product

Activities, decisions, roles, resources, repository - are known as?

Components of a business process

Hardware, software, people, data, procedures - are known as?

Components of information systems

What does CASE stand for?

Computer Aided Software Engineering Ex: Microsoft word → helping you with grammar, assist you to do something

Data vs. Information

Data are raw facts Information is data converted into a meaningful & useful context for decision making

What is Information?

Data converted into a meaningful and useful context

Which of the following is a collection of integrated and related data? Entity Metadata Attribute Database

Database

How info systems facilitate supply chain management

Decide when what to produce, store move Rapidly communicate orders Communicate ordered, track order status, inventory, track shipments

How does organizational strategy determine information systems structure?

Determines organization's goal and objectives Developed from organizational structure Creates the value chain for organization Establishes the structure, features, and functions of information systems

All of the following are advantages of a database except ______. Improves data integrity Standardizes data access Reduces data redundancy Does not require a specialized staff

Does not require a specialized staff

CRM Examples

E-Mail Integration E-Mail Marketing Follow-up and tracking Documents Sales calls

Which of the following is a cross-functional system collects data from various key business processes (in areas such as accounting, human resources sales and distribution) and stores the data in a single comprehensive and integrated database repository, usable by other parts of the business?

ERP (enterprise systems)

Why do companies invest in ES?

ERP systems streamline your business processes without compromising their quality. This also reduces manual processes and potentially costly errors caused by accessing data across multiple systems.

Which of the following is described as a person, place, thing, or event about which information is maintained?

Entity

Types of Information Systems

Executive, managerial and operational

What factors impact SCM?

Facilities→ location, size Inventory→ all material in supply available Transportation → movement of material along chain Information→ request responses & communication between orgs

What is data?

Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

A database is a DBMS - is this statement True or False?

False

Database administration is more business-oriented, concerned with planning and controlling functions for managing information - is this statement True or False?

False

Today managers want and need information from a variety of sources in addition to the ability to control their agenda and utilize verbal media, however current Information systems CANNOT support all of these needs of managers.

False

Which of the following is a non-key field in one table which appears as a primary key in another table to allow data to be shared? Foreign Key Composite Key Secondary Key Primary Key

Foreign Key

Characteristics of Modern Managers..

High Volume, High-Speed Work Variety, Fragmentation Brevity Prefer Verbal Media Prefer Current Issues Adhoc issues Special issues Control Agenda

IS =

IT + Procedures + People

Difference Between IT and IS

IT pertains to the hardware, software and data components of the model. Drives the development of new information systems. IS is an assembly of hardware, software, procedures, data, and people.

Mainframe downsizing

In ACN, when we work on SAP, idea when you go from data from large computer to midsize to PC, lots of apps can sit on PC, thin-client: chromebook running large apps on small uses

Where Is the Information in Business Processes?

Information Stored in Repositories

Why don't all information systems succeed???

Information technologies don't only fail because of technical reasons. As explained above, failure also occurs due to poor planning, budgeting, and collaboration. This is why many IS professionals also require interdisciplinary skills.

Enterprise resource management systems (ERP)

Integrates primary value chain activities with human resources and accounting Enterprise-wide systems

Corporate Intranets

Internet as a platform but some areas that only certain people or structures can get into (uni's canvas, employees & students), internal corporate network that sits on top of the internet, in the organization

Manufacturing vs. Distribution

Manufacturers work to assemble components and materials into a finished product. Distributors place bulk orders with the manufacturer and then sell far smaller quantities to either retail stores or end-users

Basics types of functional systems

Marketing & sale systems (EX: order mgmt, mkt analysis, pricing analysis, support sales, with blogs) -sales forecasting Operation systems Manufacturing systems (EX: machine control, CAD, shipping, etc.) Human Resource systems (EX: training, & DEV, career pathing, compensation analysis, labor relations) Accounting systems (EX: AR, portfolio analysis, budgeting, profit planning, cost accounting)

Which of the following is data that describes data? Entity Metadata Attribute Database

Metadata

Which of the four laws is the most relevant today?

Moore's law: computers are getting faster, cost of data processing is 0 Metcalfe's law: more digital devices are connected Nielsen's law: higher network speed, new products Kryder's law" storage capacity is increasing exponentially, cost of storing data is approaching zero

do information systems need to be computerized?

No, Information systems do not have to be computerized (paper library system) just needed to be updated consistently

How Does Organizational Strategy Determine Information Systems Structure?

Organizations examine structure of their industry and determine a competitive strategy. Competitive strategy determines value chains determine business processes. Structure of business processes determine design of supporting information systems.

Decisions where the information system can provide suggested outcomes (decisions) using statistical analysis methods, however the final decision must be made by the human decision maker are known as?

Semi-Structured decisions

Intelligence, Design, Choice, Implementation, Review - are known as?

Stages of decision making

Decisions that use a definite procedure and are repetitive, are known as?

Structured (Programmable) Decisions

Computer literacy

The ability to use computers for basic tasks, such as developing documents, sending emails and searching the internet for information. Knowledge about information technology, focusing on understanding how computer-based technologies work

Process Mining

The use of exploratory data analysis to provide insights about a business process and identify potential improvements What company does & how they do it, (Ex: selling product), footprint, mine it & analyze it what you did was efficient or not,

Why do companies have a hard time managing IT & IS?

There's always something new, it's always changing

SAP (System Analysis and Program Development)

They run almost everything a business does, collection of applications, there to share what they do

If you knew SQL, you could formulate your own queries against the database - is this statement True or False?

True

One of the data administration responsibilities is to establish emergency or failure-recovery procedures.

True

Today, managers want and need information from a variety of sources in addition to the ability to control their agenda and utilize verbal media, and current Information systems CAN support all of these needs of managers.

True

Decisions where the information system only provides some assistance with historical data, however the human decision maker provides the judgment, evaluation and insights into the problem definition including the final decision, are known as?

Unstructured decisions

Information Systems Enable Competitive Advantage

Using Software, Leveraging Data Analysis, Going Mobile, Cloud Computing

What is the cloud?

a general term, your application or data is stored & processed on machine that is not yours, it's on someone's machines Disadvantage~ security, network connections

Information technology (IT)

a group of Components that interact to produce information information is created when facts/data are put into meaningful and useful context

What is a table or file?

a group of similar rows or records

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

a suite of applications called modules, a database, and a set of inherent processes for consolidating business operations into a single, consistent, computing platform

What do each of the following stand for?? B2B B2C B2G B2E B2D

business to business business to consumer business to government business to employee business to devices

Managerial Decisions (MIDDLE)

decisions about the allocation and utilization of resources MIS- management information systems Produces managerial reports Recurring info about routine & events, SUMMARY!!!

Structured decisions (programmed decisions)

decisions that are repetitive, routine, and have a definite procedure for handling them

Cross functional systems

designed to overcome problems in functional systems

Organizations can gain a competitive advantage by implementing business systems that:

lock in customers--> loyalty lock in suppliers--> make it easy to connect with org create entry barriers--> make it difficult & expensive for new competitors to enter market establish alliances--> promote product awareness reduce costs--> to increase margins & profitability

These systems are designed to summarize and report on the company's basic operations.

management information systems

What does IS imply for mangers?

that IS must be able to change rapidly to satisfy managerial Information need IS support Decisions but, decisions must support business objectives!!!objectives!!!

MIS (Management Information Systems)

the management and use of information systems that help organizations achieve their strategies •Provides meaningful intelligence and shed light and clarify on the overall business to support optimal enterprise decision making

Strategic Decisions (TOP)

those that support broad-scope, organizational issues, forward thinking, setting stage to influence the future EIS (executive information systems)

Operational decisions (BOTTOM)

those that support operational, day-to-day activities

These systems are the most basic type and are designed to handle and process daily exchanges.

transaction processing systems