MIS - MODULE 3

Virtualization

-Process of presenting a set of computing resources so they can be accessed in ways that are unrestricted by physical configuration or geographic location -Enables single physical resource to appear to the user as multiple resources Host multiple systems on a single machine (resource).

Operating Systems

-System software that managed and controls the computer's activities. -Enables the computer to multi-task, run multiple applications, and store data (Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Android, etc.)

grid and cluster computing objective

-complete tasks that would otherwise be difficult, or time consuming, for a single machine by creating a "virtual super-computer".

Client Machine

-user point of entry to systems, applications, and networks.

Mainframe

A large, expensive computer that supports hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously and executes many different programs at the same time. •Large capacity, high performance computer that can process larges amounts of data very rapidly. (first computer was technically a mainframe)

workstation

A special class high-performance personal computers designed for a single user typically configured with advanced graphics capabilities, large storage and memory capacities, and powerful process capabilities. (graphics/video design and editing, gaming)

Virtual application

An operating system or application that is installed within a specific type of software called a virtual application, which imitates dedicated computer hardware Performance varies based on the capabilities of the physical hardware

Output Devices

Devices that enable the computer to give the user the results of the processed data. •Displays/returns data following processing. •Monitors, screens, printers, audio output (speakers), etc.

client/server computing

Form of distributed processing in which some machines (servers) perform computing functions for end-user PCs (clients).

Secondary Storage (Non-Volatile Memory / Drives)

The storage devices responsible for storing your data (operating system files, application files, personal/work files) and retains that information even when not powered. Examples: Hard Disk Drives, Solid State Drives, Tape Drives, Optical Discs, etc.

Personal Computer (PC)

a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself and is intended to be used by one person at a time (desktop, laptop/notebook)

4 basic computer functions

input, storage, process, output ... feedback (interpreting, HUMAN, who completes the loop)

mobile device

is a computing device small enough to hold in your hand (smartphone, tablet)

IT infrastructure

provides platform for supporting all information systems in the business - computer hardware & software

System Software - Operating Systen

software for managing computer hardware behavior, as to provide basic functionalities that are required by users, or for other software to run properly, if at all. System software is also designed for providing a platform for running application software Linux, Andriod, macOS

Malware

software that is developed to harm and disrupt computers

Application Software (Apps)

software that uses the computer system to perform special functions or provide entertainment functions beyond the basic operation of the computer itself

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. It was 150 feet wide with 20 banks of flashing lights. after WWII

Primary Storage (memory/RAM)

the memory storage that is directly accessible to the CPU (Central Processing Unit). The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes those instructions as required. Primary storage is responsible for storing the data related the operating system and applications actively running on your computer

System Software: Operating system

the software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals. essential collections of software that manage resources and provide common services for other software

Servers

•A computer is designated as a "server" based on its purpose. •Supports computer networks, sharing files and resources, platform for e-commerce, etc.

Input Hardware/Device

•Gathers data and converts into digital form. •Keyboard, computer mouse, touch screen, pen-based input, optical character recognition, digital scanner, microphone, webcam, digital sensors, etc.

Supercomputers

•More sophisticated computers used for tasks requiring extremely rapid and complex calculations with thousands of variables, potentially millions of measurements. •Used for engineering, scientific research, simulations, military/weapons research, weather forecasting, etc. •Example IBM Watson

Server Machines

•Serves resources to clients. •Stores, processes, and distributes data. •Hosts services and performs network management activities. -The client/server (distributed) computing model has largely replaced the centralized mainframe computing model.

grid computing

•a geographically distributed network of homogeneous or heterogeneous computers working together over a long distance to perform a task(s).

System Software: Utilities

•computer programs designed to assist users in the maintenance and care of their computers.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

•specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device. Your computers video card.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

•the electronic circuitry (chip) within a computer that executes the instructions of computer programs. The "brain" of your computer.

cluster computing

•two or more homogeneous computers (same type of hardware and operating system) residing on the same local network (physical location) dedicated to performing the same task(s).

System Software: Device Drivers

•which operate or control a particular type of device that is attached to a computer. Each device needs at least one corresponding device driver; because a computer typically has at minimum at least one input device and at least one output device, a computer typically needs more than one device driver. translator between software systems/hardware