misconceptual mini test
Two ideal gases, A and B, are at the same temperature. If the molecular mass of the molecules in gas A is twice that of the molecules in gas B, the molecules' root-mean-square speed is
1.4 times greater in B.
Which of the following is not true about an ideal gas?
All gas molecules have the same speed at a particular temperature.
When using the ideal gas law, which of the following rules must be obeyed?
Always use temperature in kelvins and absolute pressure.
For objects at thermal equilibrium, which of the following is true?
Each is at the same temperature.
Both beakers A and B in the figure contain a mixture of ice and water at equilibrium. Which beaker is the coldest, or are they equal in temperature?
Equal.
When you put an ice cube in a glass of warm tea, which of the following happens?
Heat flows from the tea into the ice cube.
Which of the following happens when a material undergoes a phase change?
Heat flows into or out of the material.
Ten grams of water is added to ten grams of ice in an insulated container. Will all of the ice melt?
More information is needed.
Two bottles at the same temperature contain the same gas. If bottle B has twice the volume and contains half the number of moles of gas as bottle A, how does the pressure in B compare with the pressure in A?
PB=14PA.
Rod A has twice the diameter of rod B, but both are made of iron and have the same initial length. Both rods are now subjected to the same change in temperature (but remain solid). How would the change in the rods' lengths compare?
Rod A = rod B.
Two equal-mass liquids, initially at the same temperature, are heated for the same time over the same stove. You measure the temperatures and find that one liquid has a higher temperature than the other. Which liquid has the higher specific heat?
The cooler one
In a mixture of the gases oxygen and helium, which statement is valid?
The helium atoms will be moving faster than the oxygen molecules, on average
A steel plate has a hole in it with a diameter of exactly 1.0 cm when the plate is at a temperature of 20 ∘C. A steel ring has an inner diameter of exactly 1.0 cm at 20 ∘C. Both the plate and the ring are heated to 100 ∘C.
The hole in the plate and the opening in the ring get larger.
The linear expansion of a material depends on which of the following?
The length of the material. The change in temperature of the material. The type of material. - All of the above.
Two objects are made of the same material, but they have different masses and temperatures. If the objects are brought into thermal contact, which one will have the greater temperature change?
The one with the lesser mass.
The temperature of an ideal gas increases. Which of the following is true?
The pressure, the volume, or both, may increase.
It has been a hot summer, so when you arrive at a lake, you decide to go for a swim even though it is nighttime. The water is cold! The next day, you go swimming again during the hottest part of the day, and even though the air is warmer the water is still almost as cold. Why ?
Water has a high specific heat.
As heat is added to water, is it possible for the temperature measured by a thermometer in the water to remain constant?
Yes, the water could be changing phase.
Radiation is emitted
by any object not at 0 K.
A typical thermos bottle has a thin vacuum space between the shiny inner flask (which holds a liquiand the shiny protective outer flask, often stainless steel. The vacuum space is excellent at preventing
conduction and convection.
thermal expansion coefficient
describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. detla L/ L
latent heat
heat required for a phase change freezing is - melting is + quantity of heat absorbed or released by a substance undergoing a change of state
thermal conductivity
heating by touching or contact
One mole of an ideal gas in a sealed rigid container is initially at a temperature of 100 ∘C. The temperature is then increased to 200 ∘C. The pressure in the gas
increases by about 25 %.
emissivity
measure of how well an object radiates heat if good emitter of heat then implies good absorber of heat
When an ideal gas is warmed from 20∘C to 40∘C, the gas's temperature T that appears in the ideal gas law increases by a factor
of 1.07.
Heat is
the amount of energy transferred between objects as a result of a difference in temperature.
specific heat
the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a given substance by 1 C.
An ideal gas is in a sealed rigid container. The average kinetic energy of the gas molecules depends most on
the temperature of the gas
The rms speed of the molecules of an ideal gas
will increase as the temperature of a gas increases.