Missed NCE Test Questions

A depth error is one where a counselor reads too much or too little into a client's statement. Responding to a client's statement of being unhappy with a job with the statement "Maybe you should quit your job" is an overstatement - i.e., the counselor has misread the depth of the client's original statement.

A career counseling client says "I haven't been happy with my job lately." The counselor responds by saying "Maybe you should quit your job." The counselor has made which of the following reflection errors:

Vocational or career interest tests (and all interest tests for that matter) are considered to be used for the purpose of discrimination (i.e., determining what category a person belongs in).

A client at a vocational development center is taking a test to help determine her career interests. The function of this test could be best described as:

To restate the client's statement is to repeat the statement as accurately as possible. Paraphrasing is a term often used to describe restating.

A term for therapeutic lead that least gets away from the client's original statement is?

Vygotsky's theory, sometimes called Social Development Theory, stresses the role of childhood social interactions, both in and out of the classroom, in the development of cognition.

According to the developmental theory of Vygotsky, which of the following plays the most significant role in the development of cognition?

According to propinquity theory, we are attracted to people that we are in close physical proximity to.

According to the propinquity theory of attraction:

In his book, The Theory and Practice of Group Therapy (1970), Irvin Yalom distinguishes between 12 therapeutic factors and discusses the results of research examining the importance of these factors for group therapists and for group therapy members. Although the results vary somewhat from study to study, the four factors listed in answer A are usually the most highly rated ones by group therapy members.

Members of an outpatient therapy group are likely to rank which of Yalom's therapeutic factors as most important:

The transcendent function, according to Jung, refers to the integrating activity of the self. It is the process that enables a person's opposing forces to cohere to a middle ground. The answer is transcendent function

A Jungian therapist is interested in his client's ability to integrate opposing forces of the self (for example, consciousness as opposed to unconsciousness). Jung called this the:

This question measures your understanding of neurolinguistic programming (NLP) methodology. B seems to be the best choice since it encourages the client to verbalize an emotional state. The counselor can then assess the client's preferred style of communication. What type of words does the client use or avoid using? - thinking, feeling.

A client comes into a session with you and is very quiet. You notice that she is slouching a little, occasionally looking down at the floor and holding her arms close to her body. According to neurolinguistic programming, what would you do to build trust with this client?

Gestalt therapy emphasizes client awareness of his or her whole personality. Using a here-and-now approach, a Gestalt therapist helps the client develop this awareness.

A client of a Gestalt therapist can expect that her therapist will emphasize which of the following as a major goal of therapy?

Part of TA includes analyzing life scripts, which involves identifying the script a client has adopted and helping him/her develop autonomous (non-script) behavior

A client, aged 18, displays a number of self-defeating behavior patterns. It appears that many of these patterns originated when the client was a young child. A therapist using a Transactional Analysis approach would be most interested in:

Establish rapport

A counselor is interviewing a client for the first time. The primary purpose of the interview is to?

The counselor's behavior is unethical. According to the NBCC Code of Ethics (2012), counselors "providing public presentations by any means, shall ensure that statements are consistent with this Code of Ethics." Elsewhere in the code, the NBCC writes counselors "shall not engage in any form of sexual or romantic intimacy with clients ..."

A counselor writes a magazine article stating that he is not opposed to sexual relationships between counselors and clients, and there should be no restrictions against this type of conduct. According to the NBCC Code of Ethics, this counselor's behavior is?

Most family and marital therapy involves improving communication in the family or couple as at least a part of the goals and most experts emphasize the importance of identifying dysfunctional communication patterns early in therapy. Ask the husband to repeat his remarks and analyze them with the couple.

A couple starts therapy to help them improve their relationship. During the first session, the counselor notices that the husband is extremely critical of the wife. The counselor should:

The goals of crisis intervention are to reach people in an acute state of stress, relieve their symptoms and restore them to their previous level of functioning, and (sometimes) help provide them with coping skills so that they can deal with stress in the future. The goal of brief psychotherapy is to relieve specific symptoms in a brief period of time.

A difference between brief psychotherapy and crisis intervention is:

disengagement

A family in which sexual abuse of children is occurring is least likely to display?

Thomas Stampfl's implosive therapy is an abreactive form of therapy used often with highly phobic clents. In implosive therapy, clients are induced to read or hear about, or to imagine frightening depictions of what might happen to them if they are forced to face the thing or situation they fear most. The idea is, a person will become desensitized to what they're afraid of.

A group counselor uses techniques based on implosive therapy in her work. Which of the following theorists is responsible for implosive therapy?

As its name suggests, structural family therapy is concerned with restructuring the family. Before the family's structure can be altered, its homeostatic state must be unbalanced so that family members are more susceptible to change. This is accomplished by interjecting some type of stress into the family.

A structural family therapist's interventions when working with a triangulated family will be designed to:

Adler distinguished between what he called healthy and mistaken (or unhealthy) "styles of life."

Adler commonly distinguishes between:

the victim's tendency to exaggerate when describing incidents of abuse

All of the following are barriers to the treatment of spouse abuse except?

Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971) set a number of standards for using tests. For instance, it required companies to prove, when challenged, that their selection tests are valid. Answer A is the only correct answer.

As a result of the court's decision in Griggs v. Duke Power, employers must?

Beck's theory and therapy are classified as "cognitive-behavioral." Beck's cognitive theory of depression attributes it to irrational thoughts about oneself and the world. Since depression is viewed as the result of dysfunctional (irrational) thoughts, an initial focus of treatment is on identifying those thoughts.

At the onset of therapy, a therapist using Beck's approach to the treatment of depression would most likely ask a depressed client to?

Among the patterns identified by Beck are a cluster called "the cognitive triad"--negative thoughts about the world or environment (e.g., the world is unfulfilling and punishing), the self (e.g., I am inadequate and unworthy), and the future (e.g., the future is bleak)

Beck's cognitive triad consists of:

The success of achieving the task's goal reinforces the client to attain continued positive results.

During biofeedback training, a client is asked to see if she can keep the needle on the biofeedback machine below a certain number on the dial. The number on the dial represents the client's blood pressure. As the client practices, she becomes better and better at keeping the dial below the number. What is her reinforcement in this situation?

In The early stages of a group, members tend to be reluctant to speak and express emotions. They are more likely to express resistance by missing sessions rather than by expressing their feelings openly.

In the initial stages of group therapy, resistance is displayed by?

Borderline Personality Disorder

Jalia J., age 34, is often very irritable with family members and friends, has trouble controlling her anger, has a history of frequent job changes and brief sexual affairs, and often complains that she is bored. Based on these symptoms, the most likely diagnosis for Jalia is __________ Personality Disorder.

Miller and Caddy (1977) suggest that controlled drinking might be appropriate for resistant clients and for those who have been unsuccessful in abstaining previously. Poley, Lea, and Vibel (1979) suggest that controlled drinking might work for social drinkers, those with stable marriages and occupations, and those from families with no history of alcoholism. Individuals with a history of family alcoholism would not be recommended.

One controversy in the debate on treatment of alcoholism is whether or not controlled drinking, rather than total abstinence, is an appropriate goal of treatment. Some authorities have suggested that controlled drinking is an appropriate goal with certain clients. For which of the following clients would controlled drinking be an inappropriate goal:

the children are required to cooperate in order to achieve a common goal

Research on prejudice indicates that certain conditions can reduce intergroup hostilities. Which of the following conditions would be most effective for reducing racial prejudice displayed by groups of White and Black children?

Although it not entirely based on the theory of Jung, much of the theoretical basis for the MBTI comes from Jung's work on functions.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a widely used personality test, is based on the psychological theory of:

Havighurst viewed development in general, and the tasks associated with development in particular, as occurring throughout the entire life span.

The developmental tasks associated with Robert Havighurst occur?

counselor seems to be summarizing something that the client said.

The counselor says, "Well, you've told me about your role as a mother and your role as a bookkeeper as well as your concerns about lacking motivation." This is an example of:

Primary prevention is designed to reduce the prevalence of disorders by reducing the incidence of new cases. Educational programs are often used as primary prevention programs.

The primary goal of a newly-developed community-based mental health program is to lower the incidence of stress-related disorders by providing classes on coping skills, financial planning, nutrition, etc. This is an example of?

Time-out and response cost are both types of negative punishment that involve the removal of positive reinforcement.

The procedures known as "time-out" and "response cost" share in common which of the following?

Tertiary programs, on the other hand, are largely rehabilitative. The goal is to get the program participants to a previous, or better, level of functioning. "D" is the only response that fits this criteria: it is rehabilitative and one would want the newly released prisoners to be better able to function in society.

What is the definition of tertiary prevention:

Identity disorder is characterized by distress regarding uncertainty about issues (e.g., career choice, sexual orientation) related to identity. Although it can be a chronic disorder, it is often a transient problem (especially among adolescents) that is amenable to counseling (in fact, Rogers' person-centered counseling grew out of his work with young seminary students who were struggling with identity issues).

Which disorder would likely be most amenable to treatment by a counselor?

Gestalt theory is based on the relationship of the whole (i.e., Gestalt) person to the sum of its parts and that a person experiences the world in accordance with the principle of figure and ground - how a person is aware of himself or herself in relation to the surrounding situation.

Which of the following intra-personal relationships does a Gestalt therapist emphasize:

Systematic desensitization begins with training in muscular relaxation and the creation of a hierarchy of stimuli arranged by the degree of anxiety that each stimulus elicits. Then the therapist will present the least-feared stimulus while the client is in a state of relaxation; once the stimulus no longer elicits anxiety, a more-feared stimulus is presented, and this continues until the client responds to the most-feared stimulus in the hierarchy without anxiety.

Which of the following is NOT likely to be part of systematic desensitization?

Yalom defined cohesiveness in group therapy as "the attraction that members have for their group and for the other members" (Yalom, I. D. [1995]. The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy, 4th Ed. New York: Basic Books, p. 67). Research indicates that cohesiveness is associated with successful group therapy outcome, greater self-disclosure among participants, and less susceptibility to disruption when a member terminates.

Which of the following is NOT true about cohesiveness in group therapy?

The General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) was developed by the United States Employment Service for use with high school students and adults for vocational counseling and job placement and referral. It does not assess personality.

Which of the following is NOT true about the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB)?

Adler wrote "We cannot think, feel, or act without the perception of some goal." He believed that one's motivation depended on a final purpose or goal.

Which psychological theorist wrote "We cannot think, feel, or act without the perception of some goal":

the preference of clients for therapists of the same race or ethnicity is related to self-identity, cultural commitment, and similar factors

While the research on client-therapist matching in terms of race or ethnicity is not entirely consistent, the best conclusion that can be drawn, perhaps, is that a match or mismatch does not have predictable effects on treatment outcome. However, there is some evidence that?

Satir is credited with being the first to use the term conjoint family therapy, which refers to the technique of treating a family conjointly, or together.

Who is considered to be the family therapist who began using conjoint family therapy?

Ellis wrote that "emotional disturbance is largely caused by unrealistic, absolutistic, and irrational thinking." REBT (called RET or Rational-Emotive Therapy in an earlier incarnation) involves trying to replace a person's irrational and unrealistic thought processes with rational and realistic ones.

You are a counselor who primarily practices the Rational-Emotive Behavior Theory (REBT) of Albert Ellis. Which of the following statements would you most agree with?

This question asked you to incorporate techniques of neurolinguistic programming. This client seems to be a visual person, as indicated by his looking up. You may say "I see what you mean" to the client.

You have been seeing a client for several weeks. You notice that as he thinks of what to say and as he speaks, he looks up a lot. If you used techniques based on neurolinguistic programming, you would most likely respond to this client by: