MIT 103 Chapter 12 - The Endocrine System

How many parathyroid glands are there?

4

type of diabetes: type 1 diabetes

Also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

type of diabetes: type 2 diabetes

Also called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

What type of cells in the pancreas secrete insulin?

Beta

Deconstruct the term: adrenal __________-__________-__________

Blank 1: ad (to, toward) Blank 2: ren (kidney) Blank 3: al (pertaining to)

What pituitary therapeutic procedure delivers a single high dose radiation beam?

Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery

type of diabetes: mature-onset diabetes of the young

Genetically linked form of diabetes usually found in in people under 55 years of age

Hypothyroidism, in most cases, can be treated with a constant daily dose of ______.

LT4

What is the abbreviation for oxytocin?

OT

type of diabetes: gestational diabetes

Occurs during pregnancy and in most cases resolves after pregnancy

type of diabetes: latent autoimmune diabetes

Occurs in adults who have the same autoantibodies as type 1 diabetes, but there is no need for insulin treatment in the first 6 months after diagnosis

Select all that apply Which of the following are pituitary therapeutic procedures? Alpha knife stereotactic radiosurgery Radiation therapy Internal beam radiation Proton beam therapy

Radiation therapy Proton beam therapy

Select all that apply What are the two thyroid hormones secreted by the thyroid gland? T2 T3 T1 T4

T3 T4

What gland of the endocrine system is shaped like a bow tie and measures about 2 inches wide?

Thyroid

______ is removal of all thyroid tissue.

Total thyroidectomy

Which type of diabetes is predominantly found in patients under the age of 30?

Type 1

The main catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla is known as ______.

adrenaline

Pituitary Hormone Abbreviation: ACTH

adrenocorticotropic hormone

What type of cells secrete the hormone glucagon?

alpha

diagnostic procedures for disorders of the thyroid gland: antithyroid antibodies

associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the thyroid

The congenital form of thyroid deficiency that severely retards mental and physical growth is ______.

cretinism

diagnostic procedures for disorders of the thyroid gland: fine needle aspiration biopsy

distinguishes benign from malignant nodules

Pituitary Hormone Abbreviation: FSH

follicle-stimulating hormone

Most people have ______ parathyroid glands, and these are partially embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

four

Pituitary Hormone Abbreviation: GH

growth hormone

Select all that apply Which of the following results aid in the diagnosis of Addison disease? hyperphosporemia hypoglycemia hypercalcemia hyperkalemia hyponatremia

hypoglycemia hypercalcemia hyperkalemia hyponatremia

The thymus gland starts out ______ in children and over time ______ in size.

large; decreases

TSH levels in the blood are ______ if the gland is overactive.

low

Pituitary Hormone Abbreviation: LH

luteinizing hormone

The gonads of the female are called ______.

ovaries

The parathyroid glands are located on the ______ surface of the thyroid gland.

posterior

Pituitary Hormone Abbreviation: PRL

prolactin

diagnostic procedures for disorders of the thyroid gland: ultrasonography

reveals the size of the gland and the presence of nodules

Select all that apply Which of the following tests can confirm Cushing syndrome? decreased levels of potassium in blood or urine measuring catecholamines and metanephrines in plasma suppression of cortisol production by the synthetic steroid dexamethasone elevated cortisol levels in saliva elevated cortisol levels in 24 hour urine

suppression of cortisol production by the synthetic steroid dexamethasone elevated cortisol levels in saliva elevated cortisol levels in 24 hour urine

The ______ gland is located in the mediastinum.

thymus

Pituitary Hormone Abbreviation: TSH

thyroid-stimulating hormone

The term for total removal of the thyroid is _______.

thyroidectomy