Mizzou Management 3300 Exam 2 Christianson

Minimum Cardinality

If zero, then optional If one or more, then mandatory

Peter Drucker

"Efficiency is doing things right; effectiveness is doing the right things"

Basic Rule for any Design

"Form Follows Function" If an object has to perform a certain function, its design must support that function to the fullest extent possible.

Understanding shrinkage

( Shrinkage ) | Malicious | External Theft Internal Theft Inner Company Fraud | Opportunity | ( Operational Failures ) ----------------------------------------------- ( Shrinkage ) | Non Malicious | Spoilage, Damage, Data/Pricing/Delivery/Scanning errors | (Operational Failures)

Big Bang: Advantages

- Few or even no interfaces between legacy systems and the new application are needed because all modules go live at the same time. • The project members' motivation is high. • It is highly efficient, because redundant customizing is avoided.

SCM: A complex Information Universe

- Multiple points of information Collection - Multiple Points of delay/inaccurate information - Not all supply chains are the same - Value added at different places in the chain - Can be risky

Driving Traffic to your side

- Purchase Ads (Search Engine Marketing) Paid search - Search Engine optimization (SEO) known as Organic Search Consistently good Content on regular Basis. Tool to help with SEO: Google Analytics, Google Trends

First Impressions

- RFP may be the first contact with the vendor - May set the tone for a professional relationship with the vendor - will become part of future agreements ( contrats ) - Instrumental in due diligence

Big Bang: Disadvantages

- The Implementation is complex due to the increased need for coordination and integration. - It is resource intensive over a short period of time. - All employees are subject to higher stress level at the same time - A high degree of consulting support is required

Accuracy

Mistakes reduce the quality of information

SEO (organic search)

Move your site up in the rankings on google etc. There are some "hacks" but the best long term approach is great content that is easy to reach.

Unstructured Information

No inherent structure or oder. Parts cant be easily linked together. More difficult to break down, categorize, organize, and query. Presents challenges.

(ICANN) Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

Nonprofit organization responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces of the internet, ensuring the network's stable and secure operation. -wikipedia also involves (UDRP) - resolution of disputes regarding the registration of internet Domain Names.

RFP vs. RFI

RFP - small number of of final vendor, 4 or less - comprehensive - Information gathering tool on specific vendors RFI - Large number of potential vendors, > 5 - Limited in scope - Information gathering tool on the industry - May not ask for pricing

The Sales Process Staring from the box, then going clockwise

Repeat and Sales Referrals >> Prospecting >> Initiate contact >> Identify Needs >> Present offer >> Manage Objectives >> Close a Sale >> ..... back to the top

Evolution of CRM

Reporting- customer identification Analyzing- customer segmentation Predicting- customer prediction

Consistency

Reports that show that what appears to be the same information may conflict because the people generating the reports are slightly different definitions. Using the same value of measure. How we format.

ERDs (Entity Relation Diagrams)

Represents the conceptual database as viewed by the end user. Depict databases main components Entities - Attributes - Relationships

(DBA) Database administrator

Role may include capacity planning, installation, configuration, database design, migration, performance monitoring, security, troubleshooting, as well as backup and data recovery.

Precision

Rounding might not reduce quality in some settings, but would be unacceptable in other settings.

relational integrity constraints

Rule that enforce basic and fundamental information-based constraints.

Google AdWords

Spend Money by placing adds on google, youtube etc. - Bid on an ad placement for certain keywords and demographic groups, etc. - Auction for ad placement happens behind the scene - Set your daily budget

The Data Dictionary

Stores of definition of information types, identifies the primary and foreign keys, and maintains the relationships among the tables. The structure of a relational database is stored in the database's data dictionary, or catalog.

Retrieving Information

Structured query language (SQL) Interactive voice response (IVR) Natural language interfaces

Keywords

Targeting advertising Better advertising ROI than un targeted ads. Improved User Experience

RFID (radio frequency identification)

Technology used to reduce shrinkage throughout a supply chain Computer~Reader or interrogator~Antenna~Tag Reducing out of stocks - usually run at between 6% - 10% in grocery retailing, higher in fashion 25% of stock outs are because of misplaced items It takes about 6 seconds to do a barcode reading. Survey show that RFID can improve that.

Repeat Sales and Referrals.

The Sales Cycle continues with turning your sale into a reoccurring customer for other products and asking for referrals from that customer, giving you new prospects for selling.

Make

The __________ step transforms the resources into something with more value . Supply chain manager track inventory at each stage fine tuning the flow so that some parts don't run short while other are overstocked. The is the MOST METRIC - INTENSIVE portion of the supply chain - one where companies are able to measure quality levels, production output and worker productivity.

Cybersquatting

The act of registering a domain name that is the same as, or confusingly similar to, the trademark of another and then offering to sell that domain name back to the trademark owner.

Stored Attribute

The attribute that is used to derive the attribute.

Normal Forms

The theoretical rules that the design of a relation must meet Each normal form represents an increasingly stringent set of rules. The higher the normal form, the better the design of the relationship

Closings

The ~ask for it~ Close - "what do we need to do to get this model into your organization" The ~If Then~ Close - "if i could demonstrate how an XYZ model provides you with, ( things you know are import based on the prospect needs assessment ) then would you be willing to.... demo, rent, buy, switch, etc." The ~Process of Elimination~ Close - "So you like the Model, you have use for it, It's not too expensive!" The ~Either or~ Close - "Will that be cash or charge?" The ~Lost Puppy~ Close - "I guess i didn't do my job very well."

Cluster Analysis

a technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible

Big Data

accumulation of data from Company Employees entering data, Users entering there own data, Machines/Computers are accumulating data.

Composite attribute

can be divided into smaller subparts, which represent more basic attributes that have their own meanings. Ex: address broken down into a number of subparts such a street, City, State, Zip Code

Data Mart

contains a subset of data warehouse information.

Acces control

determines type of use access, such as read-only access.

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management activities. It also includes collaboration with suppliers in the extended enterprise.

Lady Ada Lovelace

first to recognize that a machine had applications beyond pure calculation, and published the first algorithm intended to be carried out by such a machine.

WordPress.com

hosted version of Wordpress which means that all you have to do to start blogging is to create an account. After that you can publish your posts right away.

Present offer

if you consider your product /service in terms of how it benefits the customer, your presentation will be a focused and relevant dialogue rather than a self aggrandizing monologue. Nothing is worse than a sales presentation which proceeds from the sellers perspective.

Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model

illustrates five processes that underlie successful management of a next generation supply chain. Plan+ Source+ Make+ Deliver+ Return+

Primary Key

indicates uniqueness within records or rows in a table

Data Mining

intelligence gathering that uses statistical techniques to explore records in a data warehouse, hunting for hidden patterns and the relationships that are undetectable in routine reports.

CRM SalesForce

Flexibility. can be adapted and customized for an organizations needs and workflow Lots of integration with other software via an API Cloud - based. Can get started today Complex system, but has lots of training available for different type of users

Planning

Goal of a building a working supply chain that aligns with actual business goals. A big piece of this is developing a set metrics to monitor the supply chain so that it is efficient, costs less and delivers high quality and value to customers.

Manage Obligations

Handle sales obligations by addressing your prospect's concerns about your product or service in order to create technical, organizational and personal buy-in.

ERP implementation strategy -- Features

Vanilla: Select the modules you want and use them right out of the box. Use software's configuration tables for customizing Custom: Select the appropriate modules and then build custom apps/custom changes to met you specific need.

completeness

While omitting the zip code on the customers address record might not be a problem because the zip can be determined by the address, leaving off the house number would delay the order

Lower

____________ trade barriers enable companies to view the world as a single market and establish productions activities in optimal locations around the globe.

Content Management Software: Advantages

-Content can be transformed by a template and displayed in a variety of ways. -Scales up to 1000 or 100,000 pages and users - Multiple authors can contribute to the site - Increased Security/Flexibility - Content is easily searchable

Michael porter

leading authority on competitive strategy and the competitiveness and economic development of nations, states, and regions

Making a website

majority of people use a Content Management System to for this CMS - a bundle of software and scripts that let you build and serve a website up to the world. Content management is a process and/or software application used by groups to plan, create, manage, store and distribute content.

Foreign Direct Investment

occurs when a firm invests resources in business activities outside its home country.

Statistical Analysis

performs such functions as information correlations, distributions, calculations, and variance analysis

Selling

process involving the interaction between a potential buyer and a person hired by a company to sell its products to potential buyer. Sales is a recognized business profession, and ranges from a shoe salesman to an investment banker who manages company stock with billions of dollars at stake.

Data Warehousing

provides the ability to support decision making without disrupting the day-to-day operations. Used for business analytics not business transactions. The primary purpose is to aggregate information throughout an organization into a single repository for decision - making purposes.

WordPress.org

requires a moderate learning curve, it is still extremely flexible towards newbies as well as professionals. the WP users can extend the functionality of their websites and make them unique with the help of thousands of themes and plugins. You can start a blog through this.

Association Detection

reveals the degree to which variables are related and the nature and frequency of these relationships in the information

Circular Reference

should never be used in creating ERDs

Record, or Row

specific characteristic of one entity, also called a Tuple

Initiate Contact

step where you begin to build a relationship. A good approach is crucial as it will identify you as either a bothersome salesperson or an obliging salesperson with something of value to offer.

Microproccesor

the development of _____________ has lowered the cost of global communication and therefore the cost of coordinating and controlling a global organization

The Internet

the network which supports all types of communications ( email, Skype, etc. )

Cardinality Constraints

the number of instances of one entity that can or must be associated with each instance of another entity.

Foreign key

the primary key from another table, this is the only way join relationships can be established.

Prospecting

the sales step in which a salesperson or company identifies qualified potential customers

RFM (recency, frequency, monetary value)

the way organizations find there most valuable customers How recently a customer purchased an item ( recency ) How frequently a customer purchased Items ( frequency ) How much a customer spends on each purchase (Monetary Value )

Many-to-Many Relationship

these relationships need to be replaced with a collection of one-to-many relationships. An entity must represent the relationship.

Closing

this stage is about advancing the sales process to ultimately get an order. Do not be satisfied with "we will get back to you"

SQL (Structured Query Language)

uses quires to retrieve records, insert and edit data, and delete records

International trade occurs...

when a firm exports goods or services to consumers in another country.

CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Benefits

-Easy to use and learn - little to no staff training required -Contracts accessible online in one play for all members of staff -Different levels of assignable "Group" security -Sales staff can record all interactions with client -Track deals in the pipeline and deal outcomes -Easy to export/import contact information -You can automate and track account/client follow ups ( and have them delivered via email ) -YOu can copy emails to a "dropbox" and have them automatically assigned to a client/case

Rollout: Disadvantages

-Longer time to ROI ~ Return on Investment -Multiple Training Sessions -Lots of interfaces between legacy systems and new application

The World Wide Web

..... web pages, and web browsers are all part of just one application on the internet

How information is organized in Sales Force

/ (Opportunity) Accounts >> ( Contacts ) --- Leads --- Campaign \ (Cases)

Steps to Creating an ERD

1. Identify entities (tables) 2. Identify attributes for each entity 3. Identify Or create primary Key fields 4. Determine the relationship between entities 5. Determine an Carnality Contraints (optional vs. Mandatory) 6. Draw the ERD (in pencil) 7. Check ERD (write out what the diagram is telling you and make sure that was what you wanted)

Five Advantages of Databases

1. Reduce Redundancy 2. Increase Information Quality 3. Flexibility 4. Scalability 5. Increase Information Security

Parts of a URL

1. Scheme or protocol 2. Subdomain 3. Domain Name 4. Top- Level Domain (TLD) 5. Folder/Path 6. Page 7 . File Extension

Four major things you need to create a World-Wide Web ( Besides the internet )

1. a Markup Standard 2. a Transfer protocol ~ Client. > server 3. a Server 4. a Browser

Typosquatting

A form of cybersquatting that relies on mistakes, such as typographical errors, made by Internet users when inputting information into a Web browser.

Getting Your Design Right (Experimentation)

A/B testing of different designs A/B testing of Domain Names A/B testing of Keywords and text on a page A/B testing of elements on a page

Bill Inman

American Computer Scientist, recognized by many as the Father of the Data Warehouse.

Simple Attributes

Attributes that are not divisible into subparts

ERP Implementation strategy -- Timing

Big Bang: Implementation happens in a single instance. All users moved to a new system on a given date. Roll out: Changeover occurs in phases over n extended period. Users move onto the new system in a series of steps. Module > Business unit > Geography Parallel Adoption: Both the legacy and new ERP system run at the same time. Users learn the new system while working on the old.

Derived Attribute

Can be calculated using the value of another attribute. Example: Age

Null value

Cases when an attribute does not have an applicable value of an attribute. Never allowed in Key Fields Ex: A person who does not have a mobile phone would have __________ stored at the value for the Mobile Phone Number Attribute. _Value of Null_ _Value of Zero_ Not There, Unknown Actual Value

Parallel Processing

Colossal amounts of data is generated. So much data that we can't load the dataset on one computer, server. In order to compensate we use this.

Containerization

Commercial jet aircraft and super freighters and the introduction of _____________ has greatly simplified trans-shipment from one mode of transport to another.

Structured Information

Considered to be facts and data. Reasonably ordered. can be broken down into competent parts and organized into hierarchies.

cardinality

Expresses the number of records in an entity to which other records in a different entity can be associated via the relationship between the two entities. In mathematics, the cardinality of a set is a measure of the "number of elements of the set"

Access level

Determines who has access to the different types of information.

Edgar F. Codd

Developed the Relational Database Model, Revolutionized the way data is stored and retrieved.

Making Money on the Web

E- Commerce B2B B2C C2C Brand Awareness Subscriptions

Google AdSense

Earn money by allowing relevant ads to be displayed on your Youtube channel, Web site. Advertisers Bid to place ads on your website, blog, or youtube channel. Best to have web site or youtube channel that specializes in a specific topic.

Business-critical integrity constraints

Enforces business rules vital to an organization's success and often requires more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints.

Crow's Foot Model

Entity is represented by rectangle containing entity's name. Entity name written in capital letters Attributes are written in attribute box below entity rectangle

Web Strategy

Inform or Entertain audience Influence Audience Sell Products or Services Facilitate offline Relationships

Duplication

Information can be redundant, resulting in misleading and exaggerated summaries.

Bias

Information thats is ____________ lacks objectivity, a feature that reduces its value and quality.

Tim Berners-Lee

Inventor of World Wide Web HTTP and HTML protocols

Why is the ability to look at information based on different dimensions critical to businesses success?

It can add tremendous business insight by slicing-and-dicing the information a business can uncover great unexpected insights.

RFP for Information Systems

Legal, proprietary document prepared by the organization to identify and attract the right vendors to supply the software, hardware, operating system and interoperability required for a successful implementation Purpose: provide the information to the decision maker's required to select the vender finalists Eliminate the vendors the organization no longer wishes to consider

Sources

Managers then make decisions about _________ and which suppliers to use. The business strategy should guide many choices, such as whether to commit to long-term contracts or encourage frequent and fierce competition among potential suppliers.

Delivery

Managers' keen interest in inventory levels continue throughout the ___________ step, as products are transported to distribution centers and retailers. This is the part many SCM insiders refer to as logistics - where companies coordinate the receipt of orders from customers, develop a network of warehouses, pick carries to get products to customers and set up an invoicing system to receive payments

Maximun Cardinality

Maximum numbers of records in an entity that relate to one record in another entity

Entity

Object, Concept or event ( subject )

Hadoop

Open source platform, allows parallel processing of big data.

Timeless

Outdated information has less value then up-to-date information, and thus is lower quality unless you are specifically looking for historical trends.

Cisco Case

Pick an outside Vender Buy in from top level executives Service level agreement - a certain performance level is expected. Their agreement did not go as planned or handle at performance they had hoped for, so they had to go back and fix it.

Shrinkage

Portion of inventory that gets lost, stolen, damaged or misplaced. Shrinkage rate is expressed as a percentage based on the value of lost inventory divided by sales during the same period. Keeping this rate low is critical to success in a business.

Data Warehouse vs. Database

Primary Difference Database - Stores information for a single application Data warehouse - stores information from multiple databases or multiple applications, and external information such as industry information

MapReduce

Provides a table of contents for our data

password

Provides authentication of the user.

Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL)

The process used to build a data warehouse. EtL process gathers data from the internal and external databases and passes it to the dat warehouse. It also gathers data from the data warehouse and passes it to the data marts.

Domain Name Registrar

These are companies who are authorized to grant you the right to use a domain name. They also make sure that all the DNS servers know how to translate your domain to an IP address.

Returns

This can be a problematic part of the supply chain for many companies. Supply chain planners have to create a responsive and flexible network for receiving defective and access products back from their customers and supporting customers who have problems with delivered products.

Bullwhip effect ~ Beer Game ~

Three Underlying problems 1. Lack of information 2.Supply chain structure 3. Lack of collaboration Combating the Bullwhip Effect 1. Disintermediation 2. Information Sharing 3. Break order Batches 4. Don't allow total automation in supply chain.

Attribute

a characteristic of an entity

Table

a collection of records

Database

a collection of tables

Financial Systems

generate exception reports that automatically tag unusual events and are used to spot fraudulent transactions, including any committed by employees. Also carry the major burden of compliance reporting, and must conform to local, national and international regulations. Example: Sarbanes-Oxley Act passed in 2002 dramatically enhanced U.S. reporting standards for public companies.

Metadata

data about data, clarifies the nature of the information Structured Data - describes the definitions of for each field, table, and their relationships. Semi structured / Unstructured Data - Describe properties of a document or other resource. Flickr - popular photo sharing website. relies on metadata to search its enormous photo collection.

Identify Needs

you have to sell to the prospect's needs, so you first have to understand what those needs are. You must think in term of solving a prospects problem. The only way to do that is by asking lots of questions.

Rollout: Advantages

- There is valuable experience gained by project members from initial adoption of the system by certain groups. - expertise is available for a fast implementation - Cost are kept low because only limited resources are needed.

Effective and efficient SCM systems can

- decrease the power of its buyers - increase its own supplier power - increase switching costs to reduce the threat of substitute products or services - create entry barriers thereby decreasing the threat of new entrants. - Increases efficiencies while seeking a competitive advantage through cost leadership

WTO (World Trade Organization)

Under the___________ a mechanism now exists for dispute resolution and the enforcement of trade laws, and there is a push to cut tariffs on industrial goods, services ad agricultural products.

GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)

Under__________ over 100 nations negotiated further decrease in tariffs and made significant progress on a number of non tariff issues.

Data Visualization

a general term that describes any effort to help people understand the significance of data by placing it in a visual context. Patterns, trend and correlations that might go undetected in text-based data can be exposed and recognized easier with data visualization software.